Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)最新文献

{"title":"The Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Practical Tool for Enhanced Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Jang Won Son","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2601","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 4","pages":"545-547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Old to New: A Comprehensive Review of Obesity Diagnostic Criteria and Their Implications.","authors":"Sangmo Hong, Cheol-Young Park","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2590","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that imposes significant health burdens worldwide. Although body mass index (BMI) is widely used for its simplicity and utility at the population level, it fails to capture critical clinical aspects, including body composition, fat distribution, metabolic health, and functional impairment. This review explores the limitations of current BMI-based diagnostic criteria for obesity and introduces a new definition and diagnostic framework proposed by the Commission on Clinical Obesity. The new criteria redefine obesity using clinical and biological markers and distinguish between clinical and preclinical obesity based on functional consequences and risk stratification. This approach aims to facilitate more accurate diagnoses, individualized treatment, and evidence-based health policies, while also addressing issues such as weight stigma and overdiagnosis. Further research is needed to validate this model and support its integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol of Expanded Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro-EXP) (Endocrinol Metab 2025;40:236-46, Jae Hoon Moon et al.).","authors":"Hoonsung Choi","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2453","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"653-654"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Fracture Risk Assessment: Using Clinical Imaging to Predict the Unpredictable.","authors":"Sung Hye Kong","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2518","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being explored as a complementary tool to traditional fracture risk assessment methods. Conventional approaches, such as bone mineral density measurement and established clinical risk calculators, provide populationlevel stratification but often fail to capture the structural nuances of bone fragility. Recent advances in AI-particularly deep learning techniques applied to imaging-enable opportunistic screening and individualized risk estimation using routinely acquired radiographs and computed tomography (CT) data. These models demonstrate improved discrimination for osteoporotic fracture detection and risk prediction, supporting applications such as time-to-event modeling and short-term prognosis. CT- and radiograph-based models have shown superiority over conventional metrics in diverse cohorts, while innovations like multitask learning and survival plots contribute to enhanced interpretability and patient-centered communication. Nevertheless, challenges related to model generalizability, data bias, and automation bias persist. Successful clinical integration will require rigorous external validation, transparent reporting, and seamless embedding into electronic medical systems. This review summarizes recent advances in AI-driven fracture assessment, critically evaluates their clinical promise, and outlines a roadmap for translation into real-world practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"499-507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Follicular Neoplasm on Core Needle Biopsy.","authors":"Byeong-Joo Noh, Won Jun Kim, Jin Yub Kim, Ha Young Kim, Jong Cheol Lee, Myoung Sook Shim, Yong Jin Song, Kwang Hyun Yoon, In-Hye Jung, Hyo Sang Lee, Wooyul Paik, Dong Gyu Na","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2256","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>This study assessed risk stratification and diagnostic performance for malignancy in thyroid nodules diagnosed as follicular neoplasm (FN) based on core needle biopsy (CNB) subcategories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 313 consecutive nodules (>1 cm) diagnosed as FN on CNB with corresponding surgical histology were included. FN subcategories were classified retrospectively for nodules diagnosed before 2022 (retrospective dataset) and prospectively for nodules diagnosed since 2022 (prospective dataset). CNB subcategories were determined using histologic criteria based on architectural uniformity and nuclear atypia, as modified from the 2019 Korean CNB pathology guideline. The diagnostic performance of CNB subcategories, nodule size, and ultrasound risk stratification systems (RSSs) for malignancy was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNB subcategory IVb showed a significantly higher malignancy risk compared to other subcategories in both datasets (34.5%-83.7% vs. 4.2%-13.6%, P<0.001). It was also identified as an independent predictor of malignancy in both datasets (P< 0.001), whereas nodule size and all ultrasound RSSs were not predictive of malignancy, including noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) (P≥0.079). CNB subcategory IVb demonstrated higher sensitivity for malignancy and a lower surgical rate for benign nodules compared to the nodule size criterion (>2 cm). The combined criterion of CNB subcategory IVb or nodule size >3 cm identified all malignant tumors, excluding NIFTP, in the prospective dataset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNB subcategory IVb effectively stratifies malignancy risk in thyroid nodules and outperforms nodule size (>2 cm) and ultrasound RSSs in diagnostic performance. Non-IVb nodules ≤3 cm can be safely managed with ultrasound surveillance instead of immediate surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"610-622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Cancer Risk and the Next Generation of Diabetes Drugs: What Can We Learn from Incretin-Based Therapies?","authors":"Heejun Son, Sun Wook Cho","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2581","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 4","pages":"539-541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Adults at Risk: Tackling the Surge of Early‑Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Korea.","authors":"Eun-Hee Cho","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2595","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 4","pages":"542-544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin and Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Regulator in Metabolism, Inflammation, and Regeneration.","authors":"Xin-Li Wei, Ming-Hao Tao, Run-Hao Li, Shi-Hui Ge, Wei Xiao","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2371","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has garnered attention due to its pleiotropic effects beyond glycemic control. In addition to improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, metformin modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular metabolism, particularly within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a crucial endocrine organ that plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis and is integral to obesity and T2DM pathogenesis. This review discusses the actions of metformin on white and brown adipose tissues, extracellular matrix remodeling, mature adipocytes, and adipose-derived stem cells. Through both AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent and independent pathways, metformin influences adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, fibrosis, and cellular senescence. We also focus on how the drug concentration influences its biological effects, emphasizing the necessity of physiologically relevant experimental models. These insights deepen our understanding of metformin's therapeutic potential in metabolic and age-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"523-538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol of Expanded Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro-EXP) (Endocrinol Metab 2025;40:236-46, Jae Hoon Moon et al.).","authors":"Eun Kyung Lee, Jae Hoon Moon, Young Joo Park","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2495","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"655-656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bone Health to Lifespan: Pleiotropic Effects of Antiresorptive Agents.","authors":"Kyoung Jin Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2571","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporotic fractures are a major contributor to morbidity and excess mortality, particularly among older adults. Antiresorptive agents, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), bisphosphonates (BPs), and denosumab, are widely used to prevent fractures, with robust support from clinical evidence. Beyond reducing fracture risk, emerging data indicate that these therapies may provide survival benefits through mechanisms that extend beyond skeletal protection. This review summarizes current evidence on the association between antiresorptive therapy and all-cause mortality, integrating findings from randomized controlled trials and large-scale observational cohorts. Intravenous and nitrogen-containing BPs, as well as denosumab, demonstrate the most consistent mortality reduction, especially in older or post-fracture populations. SERMs may provide modest benefits in selected women with increased cardiovascular or oncologic risk. The observed mortality reduction may be mediated not only by fracture prevention but also by pleiotropic effects, such as vascular protection, immune modulation, metabolic regulation, and anti-cancer actions. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing osteoporosis as a systemic disease and support early, sustained antiresorptive treatment to improve both skeletal and survival outcomes. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to guide individualized treatment strategies across diverse patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"508-516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}