Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Trends in the Incidence (1999-2022) and Mortality (1999-2023) of Thyroid Cancer in the United States: CDC WONDER Database Study.","authors":"Fanrui Meng, Yixin Gao, Xin Li, Aihua Liu","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common endocrine malignancy with a rising global incidence. This study examined trends in TC incidence and mortality in the United States over the past two decades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TC mortality data from 1999-2023 and incidence data from 1999-2022 were obtained from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research. Age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 person-years were standardized to the 2000 United States standard population. Temporal trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to calculate annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, race, and census region. A sensitivity analysis restricted to 1999-2019 was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 933,521 TC cases and 43,071 TC-related deaths were identified, with an AAIR of 12.12 and an AAMR of 0.49. Incidence rose markedly from 1999 to 2009 (APC=7.25%), stabilized during 2009-2014, and declined from 2014 to 2022 (APC=-2.42%), especially among females. In males, incidence increased until 2011 and then declined slightly. Mortality increased modestly overall (AAPC=0.30%), mainly among males and adults aged ≥75 years. The Northeast had the highest AAIR (15.73), whereas the West had the highest AAMR (0.55). Non-Hispanic Whites had increasing mortality, while non-Hispanic Blacks had the lowest incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the United States, TC incidence shifted from increase to decline, coinciding with growing awareness of potential overdiagnosis. In contrast, mortality continued to show a modest upward trend, underscoring the importance of ongoing surveillance and focused attention to high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline in Years of Life Lost Due to Diabetes in Korea, 2008-2019: A Cause-Specific Decomposition Analysis.","authors":"Da Hea Seo, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2622","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate trends in years of life lost (YLL) attributable to diabetes and to identify cause-specific contributors to these changes in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort between 2008 and 2019. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using indirect standardization with age-specific mortality rates of individuals without diabetes as the reference. YLL was defined as the difference in life expectancy between individuals with and without diabetes at a given age. Cause-specific contributions to changes in YLL were estimated using Arriaga's decomposition method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2008 to 2019, SMRs declined from 2.19 to 1.55 in males and from 2.04 to 1.36 in females. At age 40, life expectancy among individuals with diabetes increased from 32.53 to 37.81 years in males and from 39.41 to 43.77 years in females, accompanied by a reduction in diabetes-attributable YLL from 8.36 to 5.70 years in males and from 7.51 to 5.21 years in females, representing an approximate 30% decrease. The YLL gap narrowed with increasing age. At age 40, cause-specific decomposition showed that the largest relative reductions in YLL were attributable to diabetes (-40% in males, -46% in females), cardiovascular disease (-37% in males, -52% in females), and kidney disease (-33% in both sexes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes-related YLL in Korea declined substantially over the past decade, primarily driven by reductions in mortality from diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"558-565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide Survey of Korean Endocrinologists on Barriers to Implementing Smart Healthcare Technologies.","authors":"Han-Sang Baek, Mee Kyoung Kim, So Yoon Kwon, Kyuho Kim, Seung Shin Park, Jae Hoon Moon, Yun Mi Choi, Jae Hyoung Cho","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3264","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"41 4","pages":"579-585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers, Part II: Follow-up Surveillance after Initial Treatment 2026.","authors":"Eun Kyung Lee, Seung Heon Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Mijin Kim, Min Joo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ji Won Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Sohyun Park, Ji-In Bang, Kyorim Back, Youngduk Seo, Young-Ik Son, Young Shin Song, Dong Yeob Shin, Jong-Hyuk Ahn, Hwa Young Ahn, So Won Oh, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Wook Chung, Ari Chong, Jin Hyang Jung, Sun Wook Cho, Yoon Young Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Young Joo Park","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3149","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, initial recurrence-risk stratification based on clinical, histopathological, and perioperative findings remains central to management during the first 1-2 years after initial treatment. Ongoing risk stratification (ORS) complements this initial assessment by continuously integrating longitudinal clinical data and treatment response, thereby refining long-term prognostic assessment and supporting individualized risk-adapted management. Building on the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) guidelines, the 2026 KTA guideline incorporates new evidence from large Korean multicenter cohorts and comprehensive systematic reviews. The updated recommendations reinforce the continued application of ORS and provide more specific guidance on risk-adapted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets, surveillance strategies for recurrence detection, and long-term follow-up tailored to individual recurrence risk and treatment response. Consistent with the evolving paradigm toward risk-adapted and individualized management, this revision updates recommendations regarding target serum TSH levels, serum thyroglobulin thresholds for response assessment and long-term surveillance, and follow-up intervals based on both initial-risk category and the ORS response category. These evidence-based recommendations aim to minimize unnecessary treatment and excessive surveillance in the majority of patients who have an excellent prognosis after initial therapy while ensuring individualized long-term management for patients who require closer surveillance or additional therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"41 4","pages":"493-534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothalamus-Peripheral Organ Crosstalk in Energy Metabolism: A Bidirectional Regulatory Network.","authors":"Yeseong Hong, Seungheon Shin, Steve K Cho, Ki Woo Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3077","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic energy balance depends on the hypothalamus, a central brain hub composed of specialized nuclei that detect circulating hormones, nutrients, and metabolites and coordinate endocrine and autonomic responses. Although the arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) are well established as central command centers that mediate top-down control of peripheral organs, metabolic homeostasis is not a unidirectional process. Recent evidence supports a dynamic, bidirectional interorgan communication network in which peripheral tissues secrete humoral signals that continuously modulate hypothalamic activity. These peripheral humoral signals, together with neuronal afferent pathways, provide feedback that reshapes these circuits in response to changing physiological demands. Moving beyond the traditional hierarchical \"brain-over-body\" model, this review focuses on reciprocal regulatory networks linking the central nervous system and peripheral metabolic organs. Specifically, we discuss how the hypothalamic ARC, VMH, and PVH coordinate systemic metabolism through sympathetic outflow to peripheral tissues and through the integration of ascending hormonal and neuronal inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"473-492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Surveillance in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Response-Adapted De-Escalation in the 2025 American Thyroid Association and 2026 Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines.","authors":"Sun Wook Cho","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3156","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"41 4","pages":"535-538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Abdominal Myosteatosis and Visceral Fat Obesity with Arterial Stiffness.","authors":"Min Jung Lee, Hong-Kyu Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Sung Jin Bae, Hyo-Jung Nam, Sang Hoon Lee, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2734","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>Arterial stiffness with aging predicts cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and target organ damage. While sarcopenia has been linked to arterial stiffness, the association of myosteatosis and visceral adiposity with arterial stiffness remains underexplored. As age-related fat redistribution, including myosteatosis and visceral obesity, often precedes overt sarcopenia, their early evaluation may be beneficial in preventing arterial stiffness. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess whether myosteatosis and visceral obesity are associated with increased arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 6,004 subjects without CVD who underwent abdominal computed tomography and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) between 2012 and 2013 during health examinations were included. Visceral fat area and total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) were measured at the L3 vertebral level. Muscle quality was assessed using the normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA)/TAMA index, where a lower value indicates a reduced proportion of healthy muscle (NAMA) and a higher presence of myosteatosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including myosteatosis, visceral obesity was significantly associated with elevated baPWV in men (odds ratio [OR]=1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.10 to 1.60; P=0.004). In contrast, in women, myosteatosis was significantly associated with elevated baPWV in a fully adjusted model that included visceral obesity (OR=3.26; 95% CI=1.13 to 9.44; P=0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ectopic fat infiltration, including visceral obesity and myosteatosis, was significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness. Notably, visceral obesity was significantly associated with elevated baPWV in men, while myosteatosis was significantly associated with elevated baPWV in women after adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"543-557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypercortisolism in Type 2 Diabetes with Treatment-Resistant Hyperglycemia: A Treatable Metabolic Phenotype?","authors":"Ji Cheol Bae","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3196","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2026.3196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"539-542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Korean Patients with Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An Analysis of Data from the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) Cohort Study.","authors":"Yoonha Lee, Minsun Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Sung Yoon Cho, Junghwan Suh, Moon Bae Ahn, Chong Kun Cheon, Chan Jong Kim, Han Hyuk Lim, Sochung Chung, Won Kyoung Cho, Eun-Gyong Yoo, Choong Ho Shin, Han-Wook Yoo, Young Ah Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2611","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgruound: </strong>Clinical characteristics and follow-up outcomes were examined in Korean patients with lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) enrolled in the Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Pediatric Rare Endocrine and Metabolic Disease (OUTSPREAD) cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one patients (classic LCAH [C-LCAH], n=29; nonclassic LCAH [NC-LCAH], n=2) from 10 centers were included. NC-LCAH was defined by any of the following: 46,XY karyotype with male external genitalia, no fludrocortisone use, or diagnosis after infancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at diagnosis was 36.5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 14.6 to 120.5); salt-wasting occurred in 58.6% of patients, and skin hyperpigmentation was the most common clinical feature (71%). All C-LCAH patients (STAR variants: p.Q258*/p.Q258* [n=27], p.Q258*/p.Arg182His [n=1], p.Q258*/p.Arg182Cys [n=1]; karyotypes: 46,XX [n=17], 46,XY [n=12]) were diagnosed in infancy with a female phenotype. Among C-LCAH patients with 46,XX, 11 had spontaneous thelarche (median, 11.0 years; IQR, 8.2 to 12.2) and five reached menarche (median, 12.4 years; IQR, 11.9 to 13.2). Among eight C-LCAH-XX patients who underwent ultrasonography, three had unilocular ovarian cysts, including one rupture. Two NC-LCAH patients (p.Q258*/p.Val187Met and p.Ala218Val/p.Gly221Ser; both 46,XY) were diagnosed at 1.6 and 3.3 years with male external genitalia; one had spontaneous puberty at 10.6 years. Eight patients reached adult height (Z-score, 0.1; IQR, -0.9 to 1.2). The hydrocortisone dose was 21.7 mg/m2 (IQR, 14.9 to 26.5) at diagnosis and 17.3 mg/m2 (IQR, 13.9 to 22.7) at last follow-up (median age, 11.6 years; IQR, 8.9 to 17.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first large-scale multicenter investigation in Korea reporting long-term outcomes of LCAH. Continued longitudinal follow-up focusing on pubertal development and reproductive outcomes is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"566-578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148039008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Diabetes Mellitus Burden and Changes in Attributable Risk Factors in Asia from 1990 to 2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Xia Zhou, Mei Yang, Mei Xue, Yayun Li","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Asia has been increasing; however, systematic assessments of long-term incidence trends, subtype-specific differences, and modifiable risk factors remain limited. Using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, we evaluated incidence trends in DM and its subtypes (type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]) in Asia from 1990 to 2021 and quantified the risk-attributable burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the number of cases, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and risk-attributable age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) for DM and its subtypes. Decomposition analysis was also performed to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes to increases in case numbers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, DM and T2DM incidence in Asia increased, with T2DM showing the most pronounced rise (ASIR increased by 65.03%, EAPC=1.53; T1DM: 27.04%, EAPC=0.80). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across sex, region, and age group. Decomposition analysis indicated that the increase in T2DM cases was primarily driven by epidemiological changes (contributing 99.03%) and population growth (97.84%). Environmental particulate matter pollution, alcohol consumption, and high sugar-sweetened beverage intake were the fastest-rising risk factors, with ASDR increases of 219.61%, 202.01%, and 182.94%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over three decades, Asia's DM burden has increased, with T2DM as the primary growth source driven by epidemiological changes. Future prevention and control efforts should focus on environmental and behavioral risk factors and implement tiered intervention strategies tailored to population characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}