Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association最新文献

{"title":"The impact of frailty on glycaemic control in older adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: An observational study.","authors":"Jonathan A Golding, Suzy V Hope, Juliet E Wright, Ali J Chakera, Tom J Levett","doi":"10.1111/dme.70498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus-First update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Vivian Y J Lee, Joseph Alvin Santos, Ben Kostyrka, Mohammad R Monjur, Rong Liu, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Asita De Silva, Lakshmi K Josyula, Devarsetty Praveen, Alpesh Goyal, Yashdeep Gupta, Nikhil Tandon, Anushka Patel","doi":"10.1111/dme.70486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the decade following childbirth among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) warrants early intervention. A prespecified update of a systematic review and meta-analyses published in 2024 was performed, examining the efficacy of interventions to prevent T2DM among women within 5 years of a GDM-affected pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An updated search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science (PROSPERO: CRD4202127989) was conducted on 14 November 2024. The primary outcome was T2DM diagnosis or measures of dysglycaemia with at least 12 months follow-up in women within 5 years of a GDM-complicated pregnancy. A Bayesian approach was adopted with results reported as effect sizes with 95% credible intervals (95% Crl), and posterior probabilities of intervention effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine new publications were identified in this updated search, resulting in a total of 26 publications from 25 studies (n = 7379) included. Of those, four studies involved a pharmacological intervention and 21 evaluated lifestyle interventions. There was a 15% (95% CrI: 0.69-1.04) and 32% (95% CrI: 0.40-1.07) reduction in risk and hazard ratio for T2DM, respectively, with high posterior probabilities (95.0% and 96.0%, respectively). Reductions were observed for other secondary metabolic outcomes (fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, HOMA-IR and total cholesterol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to the original review, this update indicates greater certainty of the efficacy of preventive interventions for T2DM in women delivered during the first 5 years after a GDM-affected pregnancy. Evidence on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy interventions is still limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity is associated with variation in diabetes emergency outcomes: Findings from the DEKODE audit and feedback programme.","authors":"Aspasia Manta, Aqeelah Khatoon, Kalyaani Persad, Nevil C Philip, Punith Kempegowda","doi":"10.1111/dme.70488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although ethnic disparities in diabetes prevalence and chronic complications are well recognised, their association with acute metabolic emergencies and outcomes is not well established. In this study, we investigated the association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicentre study included adults (≥16 years) admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) and hypoglycaemia between 2020 and 2023 in participating centres of the Digital Evaluation of Ketosis and Other Diabetes Emergencies (DEKODE) surveillance programme. Ethnicity was grouped as White, Asian or Black. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed associations between ethnicity and length of stay (LOS), episode duration and in-hospital mortality, adjusting for demographic, biochemical and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6859 episodes were analysed (4257 DKA; 191 HHS; 2411 hypoglycaemia). Across these, differences were observed in age at presentation, metabolic parameters, and LOS across ethnic groups. In DKA, Black and Asian ethnicities were associated with longer LOS than White ethnicity (p < 0.001). Black ethnicity was also associated with prolonged DKA duration (p = 0.006). In the HHS cohort, Asian ethnicity was associated with longer LOS (p = 0.014) but lower in-hospital mortality (p = 0.002). In the hypoglycaemia cohort, Black ethnicity was associated with lower mortality (p = 0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ethnic variation was observed in the presentation and outcomes of diabetic emergencies. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, ethnicity remained associated with several outcomes. These findings support further investigation into social, healthcare and pre-hospital factors that may contribute to observed differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 diabetes remission following a comprehensive metabolic program including surgery in adults with BMI ≥50 kg/m² versus BMI <50 kg/m².","authors":"Xi May Zhen, Annette Macdonald, Benjamin Woodham, Brendan Ryan, Tien-Ming Hng, Eileene Azar, Marina Hanna, Jesmine Yap, Jeenat Paulose, Guizhi Li, Stephen M Twigg, Golo Ahlenstiel, Jencia Wong","doi":"10.1111/dme.70453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous reports have suggested that higher baseline BMI (bBMI) or %excess weight loss (EWL) are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). However, %EWL appears lower in individuals with bBMI ≥50 kg/m² than those with lower bBMI. Thus, this cohort study aimed to examine T2DM remission after MBS in adults with bBMI <50 kg/m² versus bBMI ≥50 kg/m².</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included adults with obesity and T2DM who underwent MBS between 01/06/2018 and 31/05/2024 at an Australian tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was complete diabetes remission (HbA1c < 6.0%) at 12 months following MBS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 months following MBS, when compared to those with bBMI <50 kg/m², a higher proportion of patients with bBMI ≥50 kg/m² experienced complete diabetes remission (37.8% vs. 66.7%, 95% CI for the difference -48.5% to -6.3%, p = 0.014); this was no longer significant after adjustment for variables such as baseline T2DM duration and HbA1c. The bBMI ≥50 kg/m² group had greater total weight loss (kg) but lower %EWL, though neither was an independent predictor of remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our cohort, neither bBMI ≥50 kg/m² nor %EWL appeared as an independent predictor of T2DM remission. The higher proportion with remission (on unadjusted analyses) in those with bBMI ≥50 kg/m² potentially reflects less advanced diabetes despite greater obesity. Early consideration of MBS may be beneficial given that markers of diabetes duration/severity appeared as potentially important variables associated with T2DM remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From insight to impact: A co-produced public engagement and dissemination strategy from the UK UNBIASED study.","authors":"Sze May Ng, Allan McMillan, Katie Lamb, Mark Evans, Nick Oliver, Greg Tracz, Bernadette Adeyileka-Tracz, Natalie Darko","doi":"10.1111/dme.70491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent inequities in access to diabetes technologies remain evident among children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly among those from ethnic minority groups and socioeconomically deprived areas. The UK UNBIASED study identified barriers including limited awareness, language and communication challenges, inconsistent service delivery and reduced confidence in healthcare interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To respond to, and support dissemination and implementation of these findings, a series of stakeholder consultation and public engagement activities was undertaken involving CYP with lived experience of diabetes, their families, diabetes healthcare professionals, diabetes networks and voluntary sector partners. These activities informed the co-production and refinement of culturally inclusive actionable recommendations, educational and dissemination resources for healthcare professionals, CYP and families, including visual materials, animation, video poem and CYP-informed communication tools. A participatory approach to public engagement was adopted to create culturally inclusive and accessible resources for healthcare professionals and CYP and families. Early evaluation drew on website analytics, social media metrics, dissemination records and informal stakeholder feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stakeholder consultation and co-production activities, informed by findings from the UNBIASED study, brought together young people, caregivers, healthcare professionals in diabetes and designers to create culturally responsive educational tools, including visual materials, infographics, youth-led videos and culturally adapted animations. These were disseminated through a strategically developed distribution plan involving local NHS services, grassroots organisations, national diabetes networks and trusted community spaces. Youth ambassadors, diabetes family networks, diabetes national networks and diabetes advocacy groups further extended the reach through social media outreach and interactive peer support sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-produced, culturally inclusive resources and targeted dissemination provide a promising starting point for improving awareness and engagement around diabetes technology equity. However, these early indicators of reach and engagement do not yet demonstrate implementation or improved uptake. Longer-term audit and evaluation are required to determine whether this approach reduces disparities in technology access and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression to type 1 diabetes across the autoimmunity and glycaemia continuum: Insights from real-world paediatric and adult cohorts.","authors":"Matthew Anson, Sizheng S Zhao, Ying Gao, Yang Zhang, Shazli Azmi, Daniel J Cuthbertson, Ahmed Iqbal, Uazman Alam","doi":"10.1111/dme.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) follows a staged autoimmune natural history, yet most evidence describing progression derives from highly selected, genetically at-risk cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the TriNetX Network, we identified eight cohorts of autoantibody-positive individuals without prior T1D. Four cohorts had preserved glycaemia (HbA_1c ≤5.6%) and four parallel cohorts had dysglycaemia (HbA_1c 5.7%-6.4%). Cohorts were sub-defined by autoantibody burden (single vs. two autoantibodies) and age (≤18 vs. >18 years). Follow-up was 3 years, with incident clinically coded T1D as the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7000 individuals, progression risk varied substantially by age, glycaemia and autoantibody burden. In those with HbA_1c ≤38 mmol/mol (≤5.6%; n = 4536), children had higher risk than adults with both single (HR 4.13, 95% CI 2.92-5.85) and two autoantibody burden (HR 7.03, 95% CI 3.63-13.62). In the dysglycaemia group (39-46 mmol/mol [5.7%-6.4%]; n = 2464), the paediatric-adult gradient persisted for both single (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.45-2.78) and two autoantibodies (HR 4.22, 95% CI 2.29-7.75). Elevated HbA_1c increased progression risk in single-antibody individuals (children HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.97; adults HR 2.94, 95% CI 2.05-4.20) but not significantly in individuals who already had two antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Real-world progression from islet autoimmunity to T1D is strongly modified by age, HbA_1c and autoantibody burden. Mild dysglycaemia and single-antibody positivity, not captured by current staging criteria, identify individuals at increased risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking diabetic retinopathy: Homeostatic mechanisms for retinal clearance.","authors":"Karis Little, Judith Lechner, Giulia De Rossi, Tara Cullen, Jennifer Perais, Eleni Beli, Noemi Lois, Alan W Stitt","doi":"10.1111/dme.70485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening consequence of diabetes. DR disrupts cell-to-cell communication in the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU), impairing blood flow which leads to vascular complications. Here, we propose an integrated framework of DR pathogenesis in which impaired clearance mechanisms and accumulation of extracellular metabolic waste act in concert to drive NVU dysfunction. By integrating evidence across cellular and molecular domains, we aim to highlight how these early events set the stage for later complications, including diabetic macular oedema.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have examined and summarised the literature, synthesising evidence and providing a narrative review of the impact of diabetes on retinal clearance homeostasis. PubMed database was used to search for terms including diabetic retinopathy, neurovascular unit, clearance and extracellular waste.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes disrupts blood-retinal barrier integrity, alters retinal waste production and fluid homeostasis, and promotes the accumulation of misfolded and glycated proteins. However, these processes, despite being interdependent, have largely been considered in isolation. This review integrates the available evidence to identify impaired retinal clearance as a convergent mechanistic link between barrier dysfunction, altered fluid dynamics and extracellular waste accumulation in DR. It also highlights how the specific clearance pathways may contribute to disease progression and represent potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Failure of tissue homeostasis may represent a critical but underappreciated driver of progressive retinal NVU dysfunction during DR. In this context, extracellular waste accumulation is not merely a downstream consequence of retinopathic progression, but a potential initiating factor that links metabolic dysregulation to the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and disrupts retinal architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial toxicity as a source of diabetes distress resulting in cost coping strategies in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States.","authors":"Katherine Wentzell, Jane Flanagan, Claire Mooney, Caitlin O'Connor, Lori M Laffel, Lisa Wood","doi":"10.1111/dme.70475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Despite advancements in diabetes care, up to one in four Americans report rationing insulin due to cost concerns; emerging adults are especially susceptible to cost worries as they transition away from family support. Financial toxicity may help elucidate how emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience emotional burden. This study aimed to understand how emerging adults with T1D describe subjective financial distress, objective financial burden and difficulties navigating health insurance coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. Analysis was completed using standard qualitative content analysis procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included 8 men and 7 women, 80% identified as White with a median age of 24 years and diabetes duration of 12 years. Sixty percent were on their parents' health insurance and 100% used diabetes technology. Four themes emerged: (1) diabetes distress is substantial and embedded within the developmental stage of emerging adulthood; (2) diabetes distress includes the new responsibility of affording diabetes care independently, which participants experience as an emotional burden, both in the present and when contemplating the future; (3) financial costs of diabetes are exacerbated by insurance barriers, leading to inadequate access to management resources; and (4) emerging adults endorse cost coping strategies, both in the present and when planning for the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emerging adults with T1D experience financial toxicity as a source of diabetes distress, leading to cost coping strategies, which are embedded in the larger context of the demands of this developmental stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world use of automatic insulin delivery pumps in early pregnancy among women living with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Sara Hallström, Ulrika Sandgren, Marcus Lind","doi":"10.1111/dme.70483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the clinical use, in early pregnancy in women living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems lacking pregnancy-specific algorithms and to evaluate the maternal and glycaemic outcomes associated with their implementation in routine care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included women with T1D who used off-label AID pumps during pregnancy. The AID pumps were switched to manual mode during the second trimester.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 37 women, 25 used the Tandem Control IQ, and 12 used the MiniMed 780G. The median age was 30.5 (28.0-34.0) years. Automatic functions were activated until the median gestational age was 18.9 weeks. Mean time in range pregnancy (TIRp) was 65.0%, 70.1% and 76.5% in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. Only 10 women (27.0%) reached TIRp >70% in all trimesters. 34 women (91.9%) were prescribed adjunctive treatment with long-acting insulin. 18 women (49%) delivered with caesarean section, and 12 (32.4%) had newborns large for gestational age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This small observational cohort showed no major safety signals among women using AID pumps during early pregnancy or during the second and third trimesters when manual mode was combined with adjunctive long-acting insulin. In this cohort, we also observed favourable glycaemic outcomes in later pregnancy, when most AID systems were used almost exclusively in manual mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of binge eating disorder symptoms and associated characteristics in Danish adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Pernille Fiil Nybo, Sidsel Louise Domazet, Michael Einar Røder, Jakob Linnet","doi":"10.1111/dme.70489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Coexistence of binge eating disorder (BED) and type 2 diabetes is linked to poor health outcomes, but data on the prevalence and clinical profile of BED symptoms remain limited and inconsistent. We estimated the prevalence of BED symptoms and examined their associated clinical characteristics in Danish adults with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study within the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort. Adults with type 2 diabetes completed the Binge Eating Disorder Questionnaire (BED-Q) to determine the presence of BED symptoms. Data on well-being, comorbidities, treatment and biomarkers were retrieved from national health registers. Associations between participant characteristics and BED symptoms were examined using Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2459 individuals, 72 (2.9%) screened positive for BED symptoms, and 76 (3.1%) showed subclinical BED symptoms. Individuals with BED symptoms had an earlier age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (median 51.8 years, IQR: 41.3-57.6) than adults without BED symptoms (median 59.5 years, IQR: 52.1-66.2). BED symptoms were also associated with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m²) (PR 11.37, 95% CI: 2.78-46.49), female sex (PR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12-2.10), and lower well-being (PR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.15-2.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BED symptoms were associated with a distinct clinical and psychosocial profile in Danish adults with type 2 diabetes. These findings support clinical awareness of BED symptoms in this population, particularly among women, individuals with obesity, those with lower well-being and those diagnosed with diabetes at a younger age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520603,"journal":{"name":"Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association","volume":" ","pages":"e70489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}