Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association最新文献

{"title":"Biological Validation and Observations of Formaldehyde Fumigation in Operational and Representative Scenarios in High-Containment Laboratories.","authors":"Jason Tearle,&nbsp;Gary MacRae,&nbsp;Spencer Andrews,&nbsp;Anthony Clarke,&nbsp;Jamie Stuart,&nbsp;Gilles Tremblay","doi":"10.1177/1535676019895084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1535676019895084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effectiveness of formaldehyde as a fumigant in laboratories, for equipment, and for containment barrier decontamination applications was assessed, in particular the ability to reproduce biological inactivation (6-log reduction) of commercially available rapid biological indicators in representative operational scenarios and their relative sensitivity to other biological and chemical indicators.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to describe observations and results of formaldehyde fumigation efficacy in high-containment laboratories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biological indicators placed throughout laboratory spaces, including ventilation ductwork at distances up to 15 meters, inside pieces of equipment and in lengths of pipe, were mostly negative, demonstrating the ability of formaldehyde to reach the interior and external surfaces tested. Dwell times as short as 10 minutes were shown to be sufficient in barrier decontamination equipment for the fumigation of personal computers. Furthermore, a pipework bore:length ratio of 1:1500 was proven too great a challenge. Indicators placed after extracting HEPA filters in microbiological safety cabinets (MBSCs) were also successfully fumigated (at room temperature) relying solely on diffusion and in the cabinet workspace at 10°C to 12°C. In addition, pressures of up to 900 Pa were experienced in low-leakage laboratory spaces during fumigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Formaldehyde fumigation was shown to be effective in a variety of scenarios representing operational activities thereby giving process assurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520561,"journal":{"name":"Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association","volume":" ","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1535676019895084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33443150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Inactivation of Non-Endospore-Forming Bacterial Pathogens by Heat Stabilization is Compatible with Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Max R Schroeder, Vladimir Loparev","doi":"10.1177/1535676019861261","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1535676019861261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heat stabilization treatment preserves the <i>in vivo</i> state of biological samples by rapidly inactivating enzymes that cause degradation of proteins and nucleic acids. Historically, proteomics studies used this technique as an alternative to chemical fixation. More recently, microbiologists discovered that heat stabilization treatment rapidly inactivates pathogens present in tissue samples and preserves deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the tissue. However, these recent studies did not investigate the inactivation of high-density bacterial suspensions and the quality of bacterial DNA.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>High-density suspensions of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (>10⁹ cfu/mL) were completely inactivated by heat stabilization treatment using the Denator Stabilizor T1 instrument at 72°C and 95°C for 45 seconds. Using the heat stabilization instrument, a panel of 30 species, 20 Gram-negative and 10 non-endospore-forming Gram-positive species, were fully inactivated by treatment (95°C for 45 seconds). DNA was isolated from bacterial suspensions of Gram-negative bacteria, including <i>E. albertii</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>, and S. <i>flexneri</i>, following inactivation via heat stabilization treatment and without treatment. DNA isolated following heat stabilization treatment was fully compatible with all downstream molecular applications tested, including next-generation sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and discussion: </strong>Heat stabilization treatment of Gram-negative and non-endospore-forming Gram-positive pathogens completely inactivates high-density bacterial suspensions. This treatment is compatible with downstream DNA molecular assays, including next-generation sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and PCR. Inactivation by heat stabilization is a rapid process that may increase safety by decreasing risks for laboratory-associated infections and risks associated with transportation of infectious materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":520561,"journal":{"name":"Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association","volume":" ","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9134462/pdf/1535676019861261.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Virex® II 256 and Virex® Tb as Disinfectants of the Dimorphic Fungi Coccidioides immitis and <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i>.","authors":"Natalie M Mitchell,&nbsp;D Mitchell Magee,&nbsp;Thomas E Grys,&nbsp;Douglas F Lake","doi":"10.1177/1535676018818560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1535676018818560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, limited published data exists regarding the efficacy of commonly used disinfectants in inactivating the Risk Group 3 dimorphic fungal pathogens, <i>Coccidioides immitis</i> and <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i>. Newer generation quaternary ammonium compounds, like Virex® II 256 and Virex® Tb, have not been previously evaluated. Herein, these disinfectants are evaluated against 10% bleach and 70% ethanol, for their ability to inactivate 5×10⁷ arthroconidial spores of <i>C. immitis</i> RS or <i>C. posadasii</i> strain Silveira within 2, 5, 10 or 20 minutes contact time in aqueous solution. Evidence is provided that both Virex® II 256 and Virex® Tb are highly effective alternatives to 10% bleach or 70% ethanol for the disinfection of 5×10⁷ arthroconidia of <i>Coccidioides spp</i>. within 2 minutes of contact time. 70% ethanol was seen as less effective in killing <i>C.immitis RS</i> arthroconidia and both 70% ethanol and 10% bleach were seen as less effective than the other disinfectants in killing <i>C. posadasii</i> strain Silveira, as longer contact times were required to completely inactivate the same number of arthroconidia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520561,"journal":{"name":"Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association","volume":" ","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1535676018818560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37132633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika Virus Presents an Ongoing Occupational Health Hazard for Laboratory and Biomedical Research Workers.","authors":"Jill M Shugart,&nbsp;Christopher K Brown","doi":"10.1177/1535676018818562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1535676018818562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520561,"journal":{"name":"Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association","volume":" ","pages":"8-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1535676018818562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33444192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}