Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM最新文献

{"title":"<i>Toxocara</i> infection in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iran: a case-control seroprevalence study.","authors":"Fatemeh Mirzaei, Fatemeh Aghamahdi, Mohammad Zibaei, Omid Safari, Shahab Noorian, Farzaneh Firoozeh, Malihe Farid","doi":"10.26444/aaem/208958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/208958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Parasitic diseases and subsequent immunity against helminth infections involves profound changes in both the innate and adaptive immune compartments, which can have a protective effect in inflammation and autoimmunity diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-<i>Toxocara</i> antibodies and associated risk factors among diabetic children in a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 105 blood samples from diabetic children, and 101 non-diabetic controls attending the Comprehensive Imam Ali Children's Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Karaj, Iran, were collected and tested by ELISA for anti-<i>Toxocara</i> antibodies. A questionnaire administered by direct interviews was used to collect socio-demographic information and data on associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total seroprevalence of anti-<i>Toxocara</i> antibodies was significantly higher in healthy control individuals (5.9%) than in diabetic children (1.9%) (COR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.079-1.480; AOR: 0.168, 95% CI: 0.029-0.967). Furthermore, seropositivity for toxocariasis was higher in the uncontrolled diabetic group than in controlled diabetic children, this was statistically significant (P = 0.046). Female participants (62.5%) were more susceptible to <i>Toxocara</i> infection. Also, living in rural areas (62.5%), illiteracy (75.0%), and contact with non-domesticated animals and/or soil (75.5%) were found to be the highest risk factors for toxocariasis in the studied children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The finding of the study supports the hypothesis of an association between parasitic helminths infections and diabetes mellitus, and that T1DM can be considered as a stimulus in regulating and modulating the immune system in toxocariasis. More accurate results could be obtained from a larger than necessary sample better representative of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"178-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of relationship between type of body shape assessed using waist-to-hip ratio, and occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome.","authors":"Magdalena Dudzikowska, Dorota Rębak, Jarosław Chmielewski, Joanna Gotlib-Małkowska, Radosław Sierpiński, Maciej Janusz Żerdziński, Marek Łyp, Małgorzata Goździewska","doi":"10.26444/aaem/220386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/220386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is closely related with the presence of risk factors. Obesity causes changes in body composition and constitutes a CVD risk factor on the population level. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the type of body shape measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ACS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 253 patients with the first event of ACS hospitalized in the 2nd Cardiology Clinic at the Kielce Province Cardiology Centre, Poland, using the following methods: analysis of records, estimation, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyzed group of males and females was characterized by significantly more frequent occurrence of overweight and obesity with an android body shape. It was also observed that patients with an android body type had a higher concentration of triglycerides in blood plasma. Arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes also more often concerned patients with an android body type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results obtained allow the presumption that the determination of fatty tissue distribution is useful while assessing the risk of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders. Despite the type of body shape determined in a patient it exerts an effect on the change of metabolism, and additionally predisposes to the occurrence of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of a physical therapy app for home rehabilitation.","authors":"Patryk Michał Siwiński, Tomasz Saran, Anna Siwińska","doi":"10.26444/aaem/220164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/220164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>In recent years, digital tools such as mobile rehabilitation applications have been introduced to support motivation and improve patient involvement in therapy. However, the additional benefits of such tools in structured rehabilitation progrmmes remain uncertain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a rehabilitation programme supported by a mobile application on patient motivation and functional outcomes compared with standard rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 60 participants undergoing rehabilitation. Functional performance was assessed using the TINETTI scale, and independence in daily activities evaluated with the ADL scale. Patient motivation toward physical activity was measured using a 5-point Likert scale before and after completion of rehabilitation. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for within-group comparisons and Mann-Whitney U tests for between-group comparisons. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements in TINETTI scores were observed in both groups (p < 0.001), indicating substantial functional improvement in balance. Motivation levels increased after rehabilitation in both groups. The motivation score increased from 3.23-3.77 in the control group and from 3.40-3.93 in the research group. However, no statistically significant differences between groups were observed. ADL results showed minimal variability, suggesting a ceiling effect and limited sensitivity of the scale for detecting functional changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Structured rehabilitation resulted in significant improvements in functional performance and patient motivation. The rehabilitation programme supported by a mobile application did not demonstrate superior outcomes compared with standard rehabilitation in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"265-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in adults aged 40-64 years in the Czech Republic - a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sylva Bartlova, Lenka Šedová, Věra Stasková, Andrea Hudáčková, Lucie Havierniková, Júlia Tájková Csanády","doi":"10.26444/aaem/217673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/217673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Worldwide, Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the most frequent cause of death, particularly in advanced countries. The aim of this study is to describe the level of awareness among the Czech population aged 40-64 years regarding the prevention of IHD risk factors, and their perception of the educational role of nurses.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive and cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The sample, selected by a quota choice representative for the Czech Republic, based on regions, gender, and age, comprised 1,391 respondents - 700 (50.3%) men and 691 (49.7%) women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>66.9% of respondents reported being aware of the risk factors for heart disease. A significant correlation was identified between gender and the knowledge of risk factors of heart diseases (<0.05), risk factors of high cholesterol (0.05), coffee (<0.05), and contraception (<0.001). A significant correlation was identified between gender and the source of one's health information (p< 0.01). In respondents taking part in regular physical examinations, a significant correlation was identified concerning the opinions of obesity (< 0.001), hypertension (< 0.01), heredity < 0.001, immunity disorders < 0.05, high cholesterol levels < 0.01, coffee < 0.05, hormonal contraception < 0.001, smoking < 0.001, stress < 0.001, and diabetes < 0.01 as risk factors of heart disease. No significant differences were found in the health literacy of individual groups classified by socio-demographic features. The population aged 40-64 was homogeneous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although awareness of the main risk factors for coronary heart disease is sufficient among people aged 40-64, the key step remains translating knowledge into practical skills. Nurses should be more involved in educating patients about risk factors for IHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of milking wastewater as a significant control point of microbial pollution in the environment.","authors":"Martyna Kasela, Mateusz Ossowski, Łukasz Wlazło, Sylwia Andrzejczuk, Marcin Widomski, Aneta Michalska-Warias, Anna Musz-Pomorska, Paweł Suchorab, Katarzyna Karpińska, Anna Malm, Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek","doi":"10.26444/aaem/208761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/208761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Milking wastewater (MW) is an under-recognised reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of the study is to evaluate MW as a point source pollutant for the presence of ARB and ARGs, to develop a treatment plant, and to address current legislation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Milking wastewater was analysed for the total number of bacteria, <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., Enterobacterales, and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>. Microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS was followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of ARGs. Wastewater samples were also tested for the antimicrobials presence using immunochromatographic tests. An on-site two-chamber MW treatment plant was designed with consideration of its cost-effectiveness and profitability. The system incorporated filtration through a mixture of fine sand and 10% kaolin, or a fine sand filter bed, yielding hydraulic conductivity coefficients of 5.13 × 10-6 m/s and 5.36 × 10-5 m/s, respectively. The treated effluent was considered suitable for activities not requiring tap water quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. were identified as ARB. PCR confirmed the presence of ARGs conferring resistance to β-lactams (<i>cphA, bla_GES1-9,11, bla_TEM1,2</i>) and chloramphenicol (<i>cfr</i>). Milkling wastewater samples also tested positive for chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To mitigate environmental contamination, regulations should be established for the release of bioactive substances, with penalties imposed for non-compliance with recommended safety measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors affecting the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with lymphoid malignancies in the Omicron subvariants era - a real-world analysis by the Polish Adult Lukemia Study Group.","authors":"Agnieszka Szymczyk, Antonina Dytfeld, Katarzyna Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus, Ewa Wąsik-Szczepanek, Elżbieta Kalicińska, Bartosz Puła, Anna Kopińska, Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska, Iwona Hus","doi":"10.26444/aaem/208957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/208957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Patients with lymphoid malignancies, were found to have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19. Real-world data (RWD) is presented on the clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with lymphoid malignancies from the centres of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was carried between October 2023 - February 2024 of patients diagnosed with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antiviral treatment of COVID-19 was used in 72.9% of patients (51.8% nirmatrelvir+ritonavir, 9.4% remdesivir, 11.8% molnupiravir; the remaining patients were treated symptomatically. The hospitalization rate was 72.9%, but most patients presented with mild symptoms or asymptomatic COVID-19. Only 7.1% of patients required hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation. The median hospitalization time was 10.0 days (IQR 15.0). A significant correlation was found between the length of hospitalization and the severity of COVID-19 course, assessed according to the AOTMiT scale, performance status according to the ECOG scale, number of previous COVID-19 episodes, use of antibiotic therapy, highest detected CRP and HCT (p < 0.05). On median, positive COVID-19 test result lasted 8.0 days (IQR 11.0), and the only risk factor for longer duration of COVID-19 test positivity was the absolute number and percentage of monocytes (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analysis showed that the clinical course of COVID-19 was mild in the majority of patients. Regarding the changes in the clinical course of COVID-19 over time, further studies are necessary to isolate the risk factors risk of severe infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 2","pages":"234-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients - personal experience.","authors":"Margareta Budner, Grzegorz Wilhelm, Agnieszka Lasota, Agnieszka Surowiecka, Kamil Torres, Jerzy Strużyna","doi":"10.26444/aaem/210223","DOIUrl":"10.26444/aaem/210223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Alveolar cleft is present in 75% of cleft patients. Alveolar bone grafting can be divided according to time of the procedure into primary, early secondary, secondary and tertiary.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 41 children with early secondary alveolar bone grafting was performed. Qualification for autologous bone grafting (ABG) was performed during orthodontic consultation. The presence of a symptomatic oronasal fistula and/or a bone defect within the alveolar process that could hinder orthodontic treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation in the cleft area was also assessed. Prior to the procedure, a dental examination was required, and, if necessary, treatment of carious lesions or inflammatory conditions within the oral cavity completed. In children over the age of 5, qualification for surgery was based on an orthodontic assessment of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging of the cleft area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early secondary autologous bone grafting (eSABG) was carried out in 7 children with cleft lip (3 with left-sided cleft lip, 2 with right-sided cleft lip, and 2 with bilateral cleft lip) and in 34 children with cleft lip and palate (20 with left- sided cleft lip and palate, 8 with right-sided cleft lip and palate, and 6 with bilateral cleft lip and palate). In 1 case, loss of bone graft was observed. No other serious complications were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that early secondary alveolar bone grafting using iliac crest bone in alveolar cleft associated with cleft lip or cleft palate, is a safe procedure with a low rate of serious complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 1","pages":"130-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating behaviour and emotional eating patterns of urban and long-distance bus drivers - a comparative analysis using the HUEBS, SSES and SEES scales.","authors":"Paulina Baran, Łukasz Kapica, Andrzej Najmiec, Zofia Mockałło, Łukasz Baka, Joanna Bugajska","doi":"10.26444/aaem/207736","DOIUrl":"10.26444/aaem/207736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>The health behaviours of professional drivers, including eating habits, directly affect their health, cognitive function, and consequently, road safety. Emotional eating, i.e., the consumption of food in response to stress and emotions, poses a particular threat to this occupational group. However, despite the growing interest in drivers' health, comparative analyses between different groups of drivers in terms of eating behaviour remain scarce. Therefore, this study analyses differences in eating behaviour between urban and long-distance bus drivers and the impact of specific occupational demands on dietary choices.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Urban (N = 229) and long-distance (N = 271) bus drivers from 14 Polish provinces were surveyed using three tools: the Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behaviours Scale (HUEBS), Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) and Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>City drivers show healthier eating habits than long-distance drivers (p <.001). In stressful situations, long-distance drivers are more likely to reach for food (p =.011) and eat in response to anxiety (p =.001), despite experiencing lower levels of occupational stress. No significant differences between the driver groups were found in terms of emotional eating related to sadness, anger, and happiness. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed in the whole studied sample between unhealthy eating and stress eating (r = 0.24; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational context significantly influences bus drivers' eating behaviour, which provides a basis for targeted health-promoting interventions. Hence, the specific needs of various driver groups and the direction of further research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 1","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of medical simulation among nursing students.","authors":"Magdalena - Brodowicz-Król, Maria Malm, Katarzyna Ewa Wiśniewska, Paweł Więch, Paulina Maria Kaczor-Szkodny","doi":"10.26444/aaem/215195","DOIUrl":"10.26444/aaem/215195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Medical simulation is experiencing rapid growth in medical education, including nursing. Combining traditional teaching with medical simulation allows nursing students to develop both technical and non-technical skills in a controlled, safe environment. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing student education using medical simulation by assessing the simulation assumptions and student satisfaction and confidence in the learning process, along with an analysis of their predictors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted from October 2023 - May 2024, and involved 306 nursing students from the Zamojska Academy in Zamość and the WSEI Academy in Lublin, both in eastern Poland. The Simulation Design Scale (SDS) and Student Satisfaction And Self-Confidence In Learning (SSCL) tools were used in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nursing students experience confidence and satisfaction in the learning process, were significantly more pronounced among rural residents (p<0.05). Self-confidence and satisfaction in the learning process were negatively correlated with age (p<0.05), and are positively influenced by higher evaluation and importance of simulation objectives, and information and evaluation of problem solving, and negatively correlated by importance of problem solving (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The different elements of medical simulation teaching are highly valued by nursing students in the learning process. The evaluation of the assumptions of medical simulation and the importance of the role of prebriefing and debriefing as its most important elements, allow the prediction of the level of confidence and satisfaction of students, translating into the achievement of the assumed learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, skills and social competences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifactorial influence of type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular risk assessed by PolSCORE, SCORE2 in the age group 40-69 years.","authors":"Marlena Krawczyk-Suszek, Katarzyna Wyczarska-Dziki, Beata Zams, Anna Cieszyńska, Andrzej Kleinrok","doi":"10.26444/aaem/205804","DOIUrl":"10.26444/aaem/205804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Cardiovascular risk (CV risk) is the probability of developing cardiovascular disease or dying from it within a specified period of time. One of the main factors increasing this risk is diabetes (DM). The aim of the study was to assess the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on CV risk based on the SCORE and SCORE2 scales, taking other factors into account.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in a group of 1,540 people aged 40-89 years (226 people with diabetes -T2DM(+)). The following scales were used to assess CV risk: Pol-SCORE and SCORE2. Inclusion criterion was the absence of cardiovascular complications such as: myocardial infarction, overt coronary artery disease, previous stroke, renal failure or complications of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the T2DM(+) group, high and very high CV risk was more frequently noted (Pol-SCORE: 26.1% and 34.5%; SCORE2: 24.3% and 42.5%) compared to T2DM(-). The regression model included an analysis of 10 factors determining CV risk. In estimating CV risk using the Pol-SCORE scale, 8 factors were most important (P=0.86), in the SCORE2 scale a total of 3 factors (TC - total cholesterol; LDL; TGs - triglyceride). In the T2DM(+) group, age(r=0.53) and TC(r=0.43) showed the strongest positive correlation with SCORE2, while for Pol-SCORE - age(r=0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the CV risk assessment using the Pol-SCORE scale, the following were of significant importance: TC, HDL, LDL, TGs, non-HDL, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate. In the risk assessment using the SCORE2 scale, the following were significant: total cholesterol and triglyceride. Diagnosed T2DM significantly increases CV risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"33 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}