Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM最新文献

{"title":"Functional ability of the elderly and related factors in the Subcarpathian Region.","authors":"Wiesław Marian Fidecki, Agnieszka Kijowska, Hanna Kachaniuk, Renata Dziubaszewska, Małgorzata Dziura, Aneta Jędrzejewska, Agnieszka Momora, Mariusz Wysokiński","doi":"10.26444/aaem/202317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/202317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Functional ability is the ability to independently perform basic life activities, such as moving, eating, controlling the physiological functions of the body, and maintaining body hygiene. Functional ability is measured by the living environment's degree of independence and self-reliance. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) is mainly based on physical and health factors, while the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) is more closely related to psychosocial and cognitive resources. The aim of the study was to assess functional fitness and its determinants among seniors from the Subcarpathian Region.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in a group of 300 seniors in the Subcarpathian Region. The study used two standardized research tools: The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Scale and the Up and Go Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The functional status of the elderly in terms of instrumental daily activities totalled 21.08; median - 24 points; interquartile range - 5.75 points. Timed Up and Go Test enabled evaluation of the risk of falls in the research group (a high score equals a higher risk of falls). The average score was 19.07 seconds, with a median of 15.25 seconds and an interquartile range of 927 seconds. The risk of falls proved to be moderate with nearly half of the respondents - 46.7%, and high - 25%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The examined group of seniors showed a relatively good level of functional fitness in terms of instrumental activities of daily living. At the same time, however, there was a relatively high risk of falls. The subjects' functional fitness level was differentiated by education, age, place of residence, professional status, and financial situation. Interdependencies were found between the level of education, age, marital status, professional status and the risk of falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"283-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals in soils and selected root vegetables from allotment gardens in Warsaw, Poland - health risk assessment.","authors":"Jarosław Chmielewski, Barbara Gworek, Alicja Walosik, Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki","doi":"10.26444/aaem/205856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/205856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Heavy metals are considered the main sources of pollution among various soil contaminants. Urban soils, acting as receptors for the considerable influx of heavy metals from various sources, experience accumulation from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Contamination of urban soils with heavy metals may create a potential risk for health, especially in cities where industrial activity is carried out, and there is a high volume of road transport traffic. The aim of the study was assessment of the content of heavy metals: manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in root vegetables grown in 16 allotment gardens in Warsaw, Poland, and evaluation of risk to health.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The content of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) was investigated in soils (N = 196 samples) and vegetables (N = 94 samples).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that vegetables such as parsley, carrots, beetroots and celery grown in allotment gardens in Warsaw, Poland, accumulated an elevated content of the heavy metals Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The health risk assessment carried out shows that consumption of root vegetables (parsley, carrots, beetroots and celery) from the examined allotment gardens showed an increased risk of the carcinogenic effects of cadmium and lead. For health reasons, the consumption of these vagtables should be very limited, or should be totally eliminated from the diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"216-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial spill-over effects of air pollution on mortality in Gansu Province, China.","authors":"Guangyu Zhai, Tianxu Chu, Pinjie Liu","doi":"10.26444/aaem/203466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/203466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Currently, air pollution remains a significant factor affecting health. The aim of the study is to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in Gansu Province, China, as well as the direct effects and spatial spill-over effects of air pollutants on mortality rates in various regions of the province.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Panel data was collected from 2015-2022 (excluding 2020) and employed a panel spatial autoregressive model with fixed effects for both time and space, using three types of spatial weight matrices to explore the spatial impacts of air pollution on mortality rates among residents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the mortality rate and degree of air pollution across various areas of Gansu were not randomly distributed, but showed obvious correlations and spatial aggregation characteristics. The median air quality index value significantly influenced the mortality rate of residents, and air pollution showed a spatial spill-over effect on the mortality rate. Mortality rates of the permanent population in a specific area were influenced not only by local air pollution but also by air pollution in neighbouring or economically-related areas. Numerical values of the direct and spatial spill-over effect of air pollution were calculated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that air pollution significantly impacts the mortality rate among Gansu's permanent residents through spatial spill-over effects. Collaborative efforts by governments across different regions are essential to mitigate the detrimental health effects of air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and biological interactions of Hepatitis B virus in leeches - a molecular investigation.","authors":"Alican Bilden, Merve Kahraman, İbrahim Halil Şahin, Nadia İbrahim Kamil Kamil, Ömer Karakamış, Elif Sevim, Muttalip Çiçek","doi":"10.26444/aaem/205390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/205390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>The aim of the study is to investigate whether transovarial transmission of the Hepatitis B virus occurs in leeches, and whether the virus is released into the external environment through their secretions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>52 reproductive leeches (<i>Hirudo verbana</i>) were experimentally fed with hepatitis B infected human blood. From these reproductive leeches, juveniles were produced. Additionally, diverse leech-associated samples were collected, encompassing water and soil from the habitats of the reproductive leeches, faeces, body surface secretions, and cocoon shells. Each sample was analyzed for the presence of the hepatitis B virus using advanced molecular methods, specifically, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>90 juveniles, 15 leech-associated samples, and 13 cocoon shells were analyzed. Analyses did not reveal the presence of HBV in any of the 90 juveniles, or in the leech-associated samples. The results suggest that HBV is neither vertically transmitted to the juveniles through transovarial transmission, nor disseminated into the external environment through secretions or other biological materials linked to leeches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that leeches (<i>Hirudo verbana</i>) do not facilitate the transovarial transmission of HBV. Moreover, the absence of HBV in the environmental samples highlights the minimal risk of viral spread via leech secretions, or associated materials. These findings provide critical insights for the ecological management of leech populations, especially in minimizing viral transmission risks. In the literature, studies on transovarial transmission in leeches are quite limited, and it has been concluded that while the data from the presented study are valuable, they are insufficient and highlight the need for further research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of occurrence of somatic coliphages in drinking water in Poland.","authors":"Marta Bartosik, Renata Matuszewska, Łukasz Mąka, Jolanta Solecka","doi":"10.26444/aaem/192957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/192957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>The use of Escherichia coli and enterococci as indicators of the presence of pathogenic viruses or parasitic protozoa is limited. In order to increase the control of enteric pathogens in drinking water, Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council incorporates into microbiological analysis the determination of somatic coliphages as a new operational parameter in raw water for controlling the effectiveness of treatment processes. The goal was to assess the occurrence of somatic coliphages in raw water samples collected at groundwater and surface water intakes, and in treated water samples fed into the distribution system.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 7 groundwater intakes and 6 surface water intakes at Water Treatment Stations. A total of 52 raw water samples and 40 treated water samples were assessed. Somatic coliphages were determined according to PN-EN ISO 10705-2 and PN-EN ISO 10705-3 (with modifications).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the presence of somatic coliphages in low numbers in 8% of water samples collected at groundwater intakes and in 89 % of samples collected at surface intakes. In 44 % of the water samples tested, the number of somatic coliphages was higher than 50 pfu/100 ml. Somatic coliphages were not detected in any of the treated water samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Somatic coliphages can be a useful operational monitoring parameter and a tool for strengthening the control of waterborne pathogens in assessing the effectiveness of water treatment processes. The implementation of somatic coliphage determination for water intakes where there is a risk associated with faecal contamination, should be part of ensuring adequate drinking water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"206-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical marijuana - knowledge and opinions of primary care physicians in Lublin province, Poland.","authors":"Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki, Piotr Choina, Stanisław Lachowski, Jarosław Chmielewski, Jarogniew J Łuszczki","doi":"10.26444/aaem/204099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/204099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>After the legal approval of medical marijuana for therapeutic use in patients in Poland in 2017, it was important to assess the ability of primary care physicians (PCPs) to prescribe it to patients with various diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and opinions of PCPs regarding the possibility of prescribing medical marijuana, and in particular to obtain information about preparation of PCPs to prescribe it in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A survey containing 28 questions was carried out from 2020 - 2022 among PCPs employed in primary healthcare in the Lublin province of Poland. Answers of 293 (out of 301) respondents underwent statistical analysis with CATREG (categorical regression with optimal scaling using alternating least squares) to determine predictors affecting the level of knowledge about medical marijuana.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 90.8% of surveyed PCPs correctly identified the active ingredient of medical marijuana, assessed its acceptability (70.2%), differences in the use of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids (60.1%), and the possibility of conducting clinical trials using cannabinoids in Poland (57.3%). Only 21.2% of respondents knew that there are legal guidelines in Poland, allowing the issue of prescriptions for medical marijuana, and 15.7% of respondents correctly identified the addictive potency of marijuana. The biggest problem for the surveyed PCPs was to indicate correct answers about the plants from which cannabinoids are extracted, the main physiological effects of marijuana and the negative consequences of its use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The surveyed PCPs self-esteemed that they have limited knowledge about medical marijuana and its clinical use in treating patients. More educational activities related with medical marijuana should be initiated for family doctors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioterrorism potential of haemorrhagic fever viruses - occupational and environmental Implications of filoviruses and arenaviruses.","authors":"Natalia Cichon, Natalia Kurpesa, Marcin Niemcewicz, Marcin Podogrocki, Michal Bijak","doi":"10.26444/aaem/201958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/201958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), caused by filoviruses (e.g., Ebola virus, Marburg virus) and arenaviruses (e.g., Lassa virus, Machupo virus), represent a significant bioterrorism threat due to their zoonotic origins, high mortality rates, and severe clinical presentations. This review examines the potential use of VHFs as biological weapons, their zoonotic transmission dynamics, and implications for rural and agricultural health.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>A comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies addressing VHFs in the context of bioterrorism and zoonotic disease transmission. Studies published between 2016 - 2024 were included, with search terms such as 'viral haemorrhagic fevers'', 'bioterrorism potential', and 'zoonotic transmission'.</p><p><strong>Brief description of the state of knowledge: </strong>VHFs are zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans from animal reservoirs, primarily rodents and bats. Their pathogenicity, coupled with potential for engineered transmission, underscores their bioterrorism risk. Rural and agricultural communities face heightened exposure due to their proximity to these natural reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>While these viruses are rare and unstable in natural settings, the prospect of their genetic manipulation or combination in order to create novel pathogens introduces new avenues for their potential use in bioterrorism. It is imperative to comprehensively understand their pathogenesis and to establish rigorous control and prevention measures to mitigate their impact on public health and safety. The ongoing vigilance and preparedness efforts are essential to counteract the potential threat posed by these agents in bioterrorism scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"173-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive and native mosquitoes in Europe, including Poland, as vectors transmitting pathogens - implications for wellbeing of Armed Forces.","authors":"Katarzyna Komar, Stefan Gaździński, Anna Borecka, Ewelina Maculewicz","doi":"10.26444/aaem/193428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/193428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Mosquitoes play a crucial role as vectors transmitting various pathogens, including parasites and viruses, which cause serious diseases worldwide, such as malaria, dengua or West Nile virus. Both invasive and native species are capable of spreading tropical diseases, which endanger troops stationing in areas rich in mosquitos. The aim of the review is to analyze current knowledge about the distribution of mosquito species in Europe, including Poland, and the factors influencing their presence.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The search included key words related to mosquitoes, vector-borne diseases, and climate change. Data were supplemented with information from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).</p><p><strong>Brief description of the state of knowledge: </strong>Invasive mosquitoes, such as Aedes albopictus, have been spreading in Europe since the 1990s. Rising temperatures and global movement of people and goods are the main driving forces of this phenomenon. Even native European mosquito species, like Culex spp., are able to transmit tropical diseases. The European Mosquito Control Association is developing mosquito control programmes but they are not sufficiently implemented.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Mosquitoes transmit various viral and parasitic diseases. The presence of invasive exotic mosquitoes in Europe is linked to developments in transportation and climate change. Rising temperatures enable mosquitoes to adapt to new regions previously free of them. This issue requires effective protective measures and competent personnel to implement vector control methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety in polycystic ovary syndrome - a meta-analysis.","authors":"Ewa Humeniuk, Paweł Dybciak, Dorota Raczkiewicz, Tomasz Powrózek, Teresa Malecka-Massalska, Agata Andrzejczyk, Krzysztof Suski, Iwona Bojar","doi":"10.26444/aaem/202444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/202444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common chronic endocrine disorders. One of the serious comorbidity of PCOS are mental disorders including anxiety disorders. The objective of this meta analysis review was to determine the prevalence, the mean level, standardized mean difference and probability of anxiety based on research conducted using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A).</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and a manual search (Google) for papers written in English published up to October 2023. The meta-analysis was based on 4002 patients obtained from 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Brief description of the state of knowledge: </strong>The average prevalence of anxiety was found to be 48% (I2=97%; p<0.001), whereas the mean HADS anxiety score of PCOS patients was 9.42 (I2=95%; p<0.001). Standardized difference in mean anxiety scores - SMD=0.274 (95%, confidence interval - 0.12-0.43, I2=18%). The overall probability of anxiety in the group of PCOS patients is about twice higher than in healthy women (RR: 1.91), confidence interval (95% CI [1.52-2.38], I2=51%; p=0.08).</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The results obtained indicate that women with PCOS may have a significantly increased risk of anxiety compared to those without PCOS, and confirm the need to implement guidelines according to which a woman with PCOS should undergo mental health screening tests, and conduct long-term observation into routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of platelet autocryolsate in the treatment of mine-blast wounds - case report.","authors":"Volodymir Tsepkolenko, Andrіy Barkovskyi, Alexander Plakida, Lidia Elżbieta Sierpińska, Magdalena Brodowicz-Król","doi":"10.26444/aaem/205388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/205388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mine blast injuries are characterized by multiple blood vessel damage, as well as damage to nerve fibres, muscles and skin. Infection is an additional aggravating factor. One treatment method is cell therapy. A promising direction of this technique is platelet autocryolysate (PAC), an abiotechnological product based on the oligopeptides and growth factors obtained from the patient's blood platelets. A patient was treated who had suffered a long-term non-healing mine blast wound of the soft tissues of the left leg. Two secondary surgical debridements were performed, followed by vacuum therapy. The inflammatory process intensified and was complicated by phlebothrombosis of the deep veins of the leg. After two applications of PAC, the wound size decreased, the discharge disappeared, and the wound surface was covered with a dry, loose crust, under which active epithelialization occurred. Using PAС has a positive therapeutic effect in treating long-term, non-healing blast wounds of the tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":520557,"journal":{"name":"Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM","volume":"32 2","pages":"316-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}