Stefan Walter, Carole Dufouil, Alden L Gross, Richard N Jones, Dan Mungas, Teresa J Filshtein, Jennifer J Manly, Thalida E Arpawong, M Maria Glymour
{"title":"Neuropsychological Test Performance and MRI Markers of Dementia Risk: Reducing Education Bias.","authors":"Stefan Walter, Carole Dufouil, Alden L Gross, Richard N Jones, Dan Mungas, Teresa J Filshtein, Jennifer J Manly, Thalida E Arpawong, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To use neuropsychological assessments for studying the underlying disease processes contributing to dementia, it is crucial that they correspond to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures of dementia, regardless of educational level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>French 3-City Dijon MRI study cohort members (n=1782) with assessments of white matter lesion volume (WMLV), hippocampal volume (HCV), and cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV), and 6 waves of neuropsychological assessments over 11 years, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), plus 5 other tests combined using a Z-score or item-response theory (IRT-cognition) comprised the study cohort. We evaluated, testing interactions, whether education modified associations of MRI markers with intercept or rate of change of MMSE, Z-score composite, or IRT-cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In linear models, education modified the associations of WMLV and CSFV with MMSE and CSFV and Z-score composite. In mixed models, education modified the associations of WMLV and CSFV with level of MMSE and the association of HCV with slope of MMSE. Education also modified the association with CSFV and slope of Z-score composite decline. There was no evidence that education modified associations between MRI measures and level or slope of IRT-cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal analysis of correctly scaled neuropsychological assessments may provide unbiased proxies for MRI-based measures of dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37340131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anil K Nair, Srinath Ramaswamy, Krystal Kan, Shreya Nair
{"title":"Identifying an Optimal Cutoff of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to Predict Amyloid-PET Positivity in a Referral Memory Clinic.","authors":"Anil K Nair, Srinath Ramaswamy, Krystal Kan, Shreya Nair","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain amyloid- positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is highly sensitive for identifying Alzheimer disease. Currently, there is a lack of insight on the association between amyloid-PET status and the widely used Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Studying this relationship may optimize the clinical use of amyloid-PET imaging.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between amyloid-PET status and MoCA scores and to identify a MoCA score cutoff that translates to amyloid-PET positivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using retrospective chart review, patients from 2010 to 2017 with amyloid-PET scans (positive or negative) and MoCA test scores were included. We studied the relationship between amyloid-PET status and MoCA scores and the influence of age, sex, education, and race. A MoCA score cutoff for amyloid-PET positivity was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 684 clinic patients with dementia, 99 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Amyloid-PET positivity was associated significantly with lower MoCA scores (median=19, U=847, P=0.01). The MoCA score cutoff (25) used for minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) predicted amyloid-PET positivity suboptimally (sensitivity=94.6%, specificity=13.9%). A MoCA score cutoff of 20 patients had optimal sensitivity (64.2%) and specificity (67.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Amyloid-PET positivity is associated with lower MoCA scores. Clinical utility of amyloid-PET scan is likely to be suboptimal at the MoCA score cutoff for minimal cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37421174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akitoshi Takeda, Virginia E Sturm, Katherine P Rankin, Robin Ketelle, Bruce L Miller, David C Perry
{"title":"Relationship Turmoil and Emotional Empathy in Frontotemporal Dementia.","authors":"Akitoshi Takeda, Virginia E Sturm, Katherine P Rankin, Robin Ketelle, Bruce L Miller, David C Perry","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by marked deficits in empathy and social behavior; however, the effect of these symptoms on partner relationships has not been quantitatively measured.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to determine the effect of empathy loss and behavioral symptoms on partner and familial relationship status in bvFTD. We ascertained whether patients were currently in marriage/partner relationships or were separated/divorced, the timing and duration of these relationships, and whether the patients had relationship infidelity. We investigated the relationship status of 483 patients (156 with bvFTD, 38 with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, 72 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, 49 with corticobasal syndrome, 45 with progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, and 123 with Alzheimer disease) over the course of follow-up, and correlated relationship status with patients' first visit Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Neuropsychiatric Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relationship dissolution and infidelity were significantly more frequent among patients with bvFTD than in the other groups. Across all patients, empathy loss was associated with relationship dissolution. In the bvFTD group, patients who experienced relationship dissolution or infidelity had significantly lower empathy than those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in relationship status differed across dementia groups and were associated with empathy decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"260-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37003889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Gilsanz, Charles P Quesenberry, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, M Maria Glymour, Sarah T Farias, Rachel A Whitmer
{"title":"Stressors in Midlife and Risk of Dementia: The Role of Race and Education.","authors":"Paola Gilsanz, Charles P Quesenberry, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, M Maria Glymour, Sarah T Farias, Rachel A Whitmer","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with increased dementia risk but less is known about stress because of everyday problems in diverse populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 9605 health care plan members who provided information regarding midlife stressors in 1972 to 1973 (ages, 40 to 55 y) were followed for dementia diagnosis between 1996 and 2017. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between midlife stressors and dementia adjusting for demographics and lifecourse health indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reporting at least 1 midlife stressor was associated with 17% greater dementia risk [hazard ratio (HR), 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI),1.07-1.27] versus 0 midlife stressors and 26% increased risk among those with less than equal to high school education (HR, 1.26; 95% CI,1.09-1.44) adjusting for demographics. Compared with whites without stressors, whites with ≥1 stressor had 13% greater dementia risk (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.24), blacks without stressors 19% greater risk (HR, 1.19; 95% CI,1.08-1.32), and blacks with ≥1 stressors 47% greater risk (HR, 1.47; 95% CI,1.27-1.69) in fully adjusted models. Resource problems were associated with 20% greater risk (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.42) than interpersonal problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reporting ≥1 serious midlife stressor was associated with elevated dementia risk, especially stressors related to resources problems and for those with less than equal to high school education. Everyday stressors can impact brain health over the long term and may contribute to racial inequities in dementia rates, though education can be a mitigating factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37217221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Volumetry of Medial Temporal Lobe Subregions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease.","authors":"Kaori Hata, Kazunori Nakamoto, Akihiko Nunomura, Daichi Sone, Norihide Maikusa, Masayo Ogawa, Noriko Sato, Hiroshi Matsuda","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hippocampal subfield volumetry should be more useful than whole hippocampal (WH) volumetry for diagnosing Alzheimer disease (AD). This study sought to confirm this.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated cognitively normal (CN) participants and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD using high-resolution T2-weighted and 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Using medial temporal subregion volumetry, we investigated discriminative power for MCI and AD versus CN.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>We recruited 30 CN participants, 30 amnestic MCI patients, and 49 AD patients between April 2015 and October 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For AD, discriminative power of the combined volumes of the subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and cornu ammonis 1 was highest [area under the curve (AUC)=0.915; 85.7% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity, 86.1% accuracy], and was significantly higher than that of the WH volume (AUC=0.887; 90.0% sensitivity, 75.5% specificity, 84.5% accuracy) (P=0.019). For MCI, discriminative power of the subiculum volume was highest (AUC=0.747; 80.0% sensitivity, 73.3% specificity, 76.7% accuracy), but was only slightly higher than that of the WH volume (AUC=0.730; 56.7% sensitivity, 90.0% specificity, 73.3% accuracy).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using the combined volumes of the subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and cornu ammonis 1 may enable greater diagnostic accuracy compared with the WH volume or any single subfield in AD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37283710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Dementia: Do Caregivers and Doctors See the Same Thing?","authors":"Oliver Riedel, Jens Klotsche, Federica E Pisa","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Treatment could be optimized by supplementing the clinician's impression of a patient with information from the caregiver. Yet the agreement between caregivers and physicians on the presence of NPS in patients with AD is understudied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from a 2-staged survey in neurology outpatient offices. At stage 1, patients (n=403) were documented by their physicians, including an assessment on the presence of NPS. At stage 2, patients' CGs (n=171) were asked about the presence of NPS in the patients, based on questions from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Caregivers were screened for depression with the Depression Screening Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>The study sample comprised patients with mild or moderate AD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPS frequency varied between 52.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44.9%-60.3%] and 67.2% (95% CI, 59.7%-74.2%, reported by CGs) and 34.2% (95% CI, 26.8%-42.1%) and 50.9% (95% CI, 42.9%-58.9%, reported by physicians). Apathy, depression, aggression, and irritability occurred most frequently according to both sources. κ values were lowest for euphoria (κ=0.03; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.25), and highest for depression (κ=0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.43). CG depression was associated with an increased probability (odds ratio=2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-6.7) of disagreement between caregivers and physicians on the patient's mental status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NPS, though very prevalent in dementia patients, are perceived differently by caregivers and physicians. This divergence increases depending on the psychological health of caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37192994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crystal M Glover, Shelytia CoCroft, Bryan D James, Lisa L Barnes
{"title":"Perceptions of Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease Among Community-Dwelling, Nondemented Older African Americans.","authors":"Crystal M Glover, Shelytia CoCroft, Bryan D James, Lisa L Barnes","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Heightened Alzheimer disease (AD) risk among African Americans represents a racial disparity in aging. This study examines perceptions of AD risk factors among nondemented older African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants indicated how important nine factors were in increasing one's AD risk using a Likert-type scale with endpoints 1=not at all important to 4=extremely important. We examined perceptions of AD risk factors as a function of age, education, gender, and global cognition using separate logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Participants were from The Minority Aging Research Study (N=610) with a mean age of 74.5 years, a mean education of 14.9 years, and 24% were men.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the AD risk factors, predictors were significantly related to genetics and God's Will. Younger participants (est.=-0.06, P=0.02) and those with more education (est.=0.14, P=0.02) were more likely to report genetics as extremely important. Participants with more education were less likely to indicate God's Will as extremely important (est.=-0.14, P<0.0005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among older African Americans, age and education were important characteristics for the perception of AD risk factors. Findings can facilitate designing effective, culturally competent educational tools for meaningful engagement with older African Americans about AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"254-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37215236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case Report of a 63-Year-Old Patient With Alzheimer Disease and a Novel Presenilin 2 Mutation.","authors":"Jennie L Wells, Stephen H Pasternak","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000269","url":null,"abstract":"E arly onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) is a neurodegenerative dementing disorder that is relatively rare (< 1% of all Alzheimer cases). Various genetic mutations of the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) as well as the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene have been implicated. Mutations of PSEN1 and PSEN2 alter γ-secretase enzyme that cleaves APP resulting in increase in the relative amount of the more amyloidogenic Aβ42 that is produced.1 PSEN2 has been less studied than PSEN1 and fewer mutations are known. Here, we report a case of a 63-yearold woman (at the time of death) with the clinical history consistent with Alzheimer D, an autopsy with brain histopathology supporting Alzheimer disease (AD), congophylic angiopathy, and Lewy Body pathology, and whose medical genetic testing reveals a novel PSEN2 mutation of adenosine replacing cytosine at codon 222, nucleotide position 665 (lysine replacing threonine) that has never been previously reported. This suggests that genetic testing may be useful in older patients with mixed pathology.","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zarui A Melikyan, Dana E Greenia, Maria M Corrada, Marilyn M Hester, Claudia H Kawas, Joshua D Grill
{"title":"Recruiting the Oldest-old for Clinical Research.","authors":"Zarui A Melikyan, Dana E Greenia, Maria M Corrada, Marilyn M Hester, Claudia H Kawas, Joshua D Grill","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000260","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Melikyan, Zarui A; Greenia, Dana E; Corrada, Maria M; Hester, Marilyn M; Kawas, Claudia H; Grill, Joshua D","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"160-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40437247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valéria S Bahia, Mário A Cecchini, Luciana Cassimiro, Rene Viana, Thais B Lima-Silva, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Viviane Amaral Carvalho, Henrique C Guimarães, Paulo Caramelli, Márcio L F Balthazar, Benito Damasceno, Sônia M D Brucki, Ricardo Nitrini, Mônica S Yassuda
{"title":"The Accuracy of INECO Frontal Screening in the Diagnosis of Executive Dysfunction in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease.","authors":"Valéria S Bahia, Mário A Cecchini, Luciana Cassimiro, Rene Viana, Thais B Lima-Silva, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Viviane Amaral Carvalho, Henrique C Guimarães, Paulo Caramelli, Márcio L F Balthazar, Benito Damasceno, Sônia M D Brucki, Ricardo Nitrini, Mônica S Yassuda","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Executive dysfunction is a common symptom in neurodegenerative disorders and is in need of easy-to-apply screening tools that might identify it. The aims of the present study were to examine some of the psychometric characteristics of the Brazilian version of the INECO frontal screening (IFS), and to investigate its accuracy to diagnose executive dysfunction in dementia and its accuracy to differentiate Alzheimer disease (AD) from the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with bvFTD (n=18) and AD (n=20), and 15 healthy controls completed a neuropsychological battery, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Clinical Dementia Rating, and the IFS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IFS had acceptable internal consistency (α=0.714) and was significantly correlated with general cognitive measures and with neuropsychological tests. The IFS had adequate accuracy to differentiate patients with dementia from healthy controls (AUC=0.768, cutoff=19.75, sensitivity=0.80, specificity=0.63), but low accuracy to differentiate bvFTD from AD (AUC=0.594, cutoff=16.75, sensitivity=0.667, specificity=0.600).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggested that the IFS may be used to screen for executive dysfunction in dementia. Nonetheless, it should be used with caution in the differential diagnosis between AD and bvFTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":"314-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39965653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}