Alzheimer disease and associated disorders最新文献

{"title":"Speech-in-Noise Hearing Impairment and Incident Dementia: A UK Biobank Cohort Study Across Polygenic, APOE ε4, and Familial Risk Strata.","authors":"Cong Peng, Guoqing Gong, Zhetian Chen, Jingwei Wu, Dan Liu, Bin Chen","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hearing impairment is considered an important modifiable risk factor for dementia, but whether its association with incident dementia is consistent across inherited susceptibility profiles remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 80,287 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline with valid Digit Triplet Test measurements, genetic data, linked follow-up data, and complete prespecified covariates. Hearing function was quantified using the better-ear speech reception threshold (SRT). Incident dementia was ascertained from linked hospital admission and death registry records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between baseline hearing status and incident dementia. The fully adjusted model included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, visual, psychosocial, hearing-aid-use, and genetic ancestry covariates. Effect modification by inherited susceptibility, including dementia polygenic risk score (PRS), APOE ε4 carrier status, and parental history of dementia, was assessed using stratified analyses and multiplicative interaction tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During ∼988,462 person-years of follow-up, 1086 incident dementia cases were identified. Compared with normal hearing, mild and severe hearing impairment were associated with higher dementia risk in the fully adjusted model, with HRs of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.13-1.56) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.15-2.02), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analyses supported a nonlinear dose-response association between higher SRT and dementia risk. The hearing impairment-dementia association was observed across PRS, APOE ε4 carrier status, and parental family-history strata, with no statistically significant multiplicative interaction by APOE ε4 status or parental family history and only suggestive evidence by PRS category.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speech-in-noise hearing impairment was associated with a higher risk of incident dementia in the UK Biobank, and this association was broadly observed across inherited-risk strata. These findings support hearing impairment as a potentially modifiable marker relevant to dementia-risk assessment across polygenic, APOE ε4, and familial risk backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in a Statewide Population Genomics Cohort: Early Findings from In Our DNA SC.","authors":"Janet Horn, Sara Knox","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) affect more than 125,000 individuals in South Carolina, yet equitable representation in population genomics initiatives remains a concern. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of 247 In Our DNA SC participants aged 50 to 89 years with at least 1 ADRD-related diagnosis, identified using ICD-10 codes, to characterize demographic and clinical features and to compare the cohort with statewide ADRD estimates. Most participants were aged 65 years or older (82.2%), female (52.2%), and White (93.1%), while only 5.3% identified as Black. Nearly half had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 4 or greater (48.6%), and 49.5% had at least 10 years of longitudinal electronic health record data. Compared with statewide ADRD estimates, Black individuals were substantially underrepresented despite comprising ∼one-third of ADRD cases in South Carolina. These findings highlight the need for continued efforts to improve representation and support equitable, generalizable precision health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Dependent and APOE-Modified Associations Between Vascular Risk Factor Patterns and Cognitive Function: A Latent Class Analysis of 44,879 NACC Participants.","authors":"Yan Kong, Xian Li, Ruiqian Guan, Xin Wang, Ao Chen, Hongkun Zhang","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000739","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vascular risk factors (VRFs) are established contributors to cognitive decline, yet they often co-occur in distinct patterns. Whether VRF pattern-cognition associations are modified by age or apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 44,879 participants aged 60 to 90 years from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Latent class analysis (LCA) identified VRF patterns from 7 indicators: hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Multivariable linear regression examined associations between VRF patterns and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, with stratification by age and APOE ε4 status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five VRF patterns were identified: Low Risk (38.4%), Metabolic Predominant (40.5%), Hypertension Predominant (16.0%), Arrhythmia-Cardiac (2.7%), and High Multimorbidity (2.4%). Each additional VRF was associated with 0.056-point lower MMSE (β=-0.056, 95% CI: -0.072 to -0.039, P<0.001). Significant age × pattern (P=0.0015) and APOE × pattern (P=0.0016) interactions emerged. In younger-old adults (60 to 74 y), Metabolic Predominant was associated with lower MMSE (β=-0.171, P<0.001), but not in older-old adults (75 to 90 y; β=0.020, P=0.53). Among APOE ε4 carriers, the Metabolic Predominant association was substantially stronger (β=-0.228, P<0.001) compared with noncarriers (β=-0.053, P=0.025), a 4.3-fold difference in magnitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VRF-cognition associations show significant heterogeneity by age and APOE genotype. Attenuated associations in older-old adults may reflect survivor bias, while stronger associations in APOE ε4 carriers are consistent with gene-environment interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and 10-Year Dementia Risk Among Older Asian American and Non-Latino White Adults in Northern California.","authors":"L Paloma Rojas-Saunero, Natalie Gradwohl, Joseph O Fong, Yixuan Zhou, Yingyan Wu, Taylor M Mobley, Eleanor Hayes-Larson, Roch A Nianogo, Gilbert C Gee, Ron Brookmeyer, Rachel A Whitmer, Paola Gilsanz, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but its contribution among Asian American ethnic groups remains understudied despite heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged 60 to 90 years without prevalent dementia at baseline, surveyed between 2002 and 2009 [Chinese (n=4,848), Filipino (n=4,130), Japanese (n=2,786), South Asian (n=823), non-Latino White (n=123,593)]. We used ICD-codes to identify hypertension (assessed 5 y before baseline) and incident dementia through 2020. Within strata of race/ethnicity and baseline age group (60 to 75 and 75 to 90 y), we estimated adjusted and standardized 10-year dementia risk, risk ratios, risk differences, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) using pooled logistic regression, treating death as a censoring event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, and non-Latino White participants aged 60 to 75 years, PAFs (95% CI) were 12% (-3% to 28%), 23% (4% to 40%), 9% (-7% to 27%), and 8% (5% to 10%), respectively. Effect estimates were null for these groups among participants aged 75 to 90. For South Asian participants, point estimates were consistent with protective associations among those aged 60 to 75 and harmful associations among those aged 75 to 90, although estimates were imprecise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest heterogeneity in the effect of hypertension on dementia risk across Asian American ethnic groups and by age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors for Avoiding Counseling Despite Experiencing Cognitive Impairment in South Korea: An Age-Stratified Analysis of the Korea Community Health Survey.","authors":"In Cheol Hwang, Hong Yup Ahn","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined factors associated with not seeking counseling among 46,156 Korean adults who experienced cognitive impairment in the past year, using data from the 2024 Korea Community Health Survey. Only 8.1% sought counseling. Age-stratified logistic regression showed that counseling-seeking increased with greater disruption of daily activities. Alcohol consumption consistently predicted not seeking counseling across all age groups, while depression was associated with greater counseling seeking. Lower economic status generally increased counseling seeking, though financial barriers limited help-seeking among older adults. Among middle-aged adults, being unmarried and having hypertension were also linked to higher counseling seeking. These findings suggest the need for age-specific strategies to encourage early help-seeking for cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected Global and SDI-Region Care Costs for Alzheimer Disease and Associated Dementias, 2023 to 2050: A Stratified Analysis Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Data.","authors":"Dandan Xu, Li Jiang, Qizhi Yang, Roy Rillera Marzo, Zhijuan Peng, Yali Yao, Ruolei Li, Xia Zhang, Linjie Zhu, Jin Qian, Rui Ji, Wenwen Zhao","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To project the economic burden of Alzheimer disease and associated dementias (ADAD) care globally and across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles from 2023 to 2050, explore disparities by age, sex, and region, and provide evidence for targeted care policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we estimated ADAD care costs by integrating years lived with disability, caregiving hours, and wage rates. Regions were stratified into 5 SDI levels, with sex- and age-specific subgroup analyses. Direct care labor costs and their proportion in national GDP were quantified, and temporal trends were forecasted and visualized using R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Global ADAD care costs rose from USD 0.18 trillion in 1990 to USD 0.33 trillion in 2023, and are projected to reach USD 0.53 trillion by 2050. Females sustained 64.7% of the total burden in 2050, with widening gender gaps at advanced ages. High-SDI regions contributed the largest costs (USD 477.6 billion by 2050), while low-SDI regions had the fastest growth rate of 219.4%. Cost peaks shifted to the 80 to 89 age group, with those aged over 80 accounting for over 50% of total costs. The GDP share of care costs increased nearly 15-fold in low-SDI regions, but only 34.8% in high-SDI regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The global economic burden of ADAD will continue to rise, driven by population aging, female preponderance, and marked regional inequalities. Tailored strategies are urgently needed, including efficiency improvement in high-SDI areas, financial and infrastructure expansion in low- and middle-SDI regions, and early intervention, gender-sensitive support, and long-term care system reform worldwide. All monetary values use the short-scale convention: 1 billion=1000 million (109), and 1 trillion=1,000,000 million (1012).</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Design and Development of Digital Health Solution for Informal Alzheimer's Caregivers.","authors":"Maria Maia Almeida, Carla Sílvia Fernandes, Marta Campos Ferreira","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer disease (AD) imposes significant cognitive, emotional, and practical challenges on individuals and their caregivers. Informal caregivers, often family members, assume a central role in managing complex care routines, frequently with limited support. Digital tools offer promising avenues for addressing these challenges, yet existing solutions often lack integration, personalization, or user-centered design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents the design, development, and validation of AlzCare, a digital health solution developed using a user-centered design (UCD) methodology. The needs assessment involved 52 survey respondents and 6 in-depth interviews with caregivers and healthcare professionals. Based on this, a prototype was developed integrating modules for health monitoring, cognitive stimulation, task management, and caregiver support. Usability and functionality were evaluated through testing with 25 participants using task-based interaction, semistructured interviews, and the System Usability Scale (SUS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The solution received highly positive feedback regarding usability, relevance, and emotional resonance. The SUS yielded a mean score of 90.9, indicating \"Best Imaginable\" usability. Users valued features such as daily health tracking, the \"Who Am I?\" reminiscence tool, and the caregiver support section. Suggestions included automating data entry and integrating wearables.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AlzCare demonstrates how digital technologies developed through participatory approaches can support informal dementia caregiving across practical and emotional dimensions. Future work will focus on broader clinical integration, automation, and longitudinal validation in real-world settings. The findings reinforce the value of accessible, holistic digital tools in advancing dementia care within telemedicine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioglitazone and Cognitive Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.","authors":"Anderson M Pereira da Silva, Maria D V Santos do Nascimento, Giovana Menegucci, Gabriel Caruso Novaes Tudella, Lucas Silva Cabeça, Ocílio Ribeiro Gonçalves, Bernardo Vieira Nogueira, Julia Oliveira Franco, Diogo Haddad Santos, Filipe Silveira Duarte, George Perry, Eryvelton de Souza Franco, Maria Bernadete de Sousa Maia","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized among older adults with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. Metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes. Pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been investigated for potential effects on cognitive outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone on cognitive outcomes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through July 2025 for randomized controlled trials comparing pioglitazone with placebo in adults with mild Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive outcomes included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale. Safety outcomes included adverse events, serious adverse events, treatment discontinuation, and peripheral edema. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using frequentist and Bayesian approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six randomized trials, including 3680 participants, were analyzed. Pioglitazone was not associated with differences in Mini-Mental State Examination or Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised scores compared with placebo. Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale estimates modestly favored pioglitazone, although this finding was not consistent across other cognitive measures. Overall, adverse events and serious adverse events were similar between treatment groups. Treatment discontinuation occurred less frequently with pioglitazone. Peripheral edema was reported more frequently with pioglitazone, although estimates were based on a small number of events and wide CIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pioglitazone was not associated with consistent differences in global cognitive outcomes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease. Safety outcomes were broadly comparable to placebo, although peripheral edema occurred more frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordance Between Cognitive Impairment Status and Claims-Based ADRD Diagnosis: Temporal Patterns and Racial Differences in the REGARDS Cohort, 2006 to 2021.","authors":"Min Hee Kim, Lisandro D Colantonio, M Maria Glymour, Rita Hamad, Julia Adler-Milstein, Kiarri N Kershaw, John Boscardin, Zhixin Wang, Ayse Sert Oti, Virginia J Howard","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding the concordance between incident cognitive impairment status and the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) is clinically important, as a diagnosis serves as the gateway for treatment, care planning, and supportive services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the REGARDS cohort (2006 to 2021) linked to Medicare claims, we examined the discordance between incident cognitive impairment and claims-based ADRD diagnoses. Directly standardized diagnosis rates were estimated by year, overall, and race, and stratified by cognitive impairment status. Logistic regression models were used to examine sociodemographic correlates of diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 45,191 observations (23% Black) of 8368 participants. Among those with incident cognitive impairment, 30.8% received a claim-based diagnosis, and while 8.9% of those without incident cognitive impairment received a claim-based diagnosis. ADRD diagnosis rates remained stable, whereas rates among observations with incident cognitive impairment rose through the early 2010s, then plateaued and declined. The black race and education below the college level were associated with lower odds of diagnosis in this group; female sex was associated with higher odds. Among observations without cognitive impairment, older age and female sex were associated with higher odds; Midwest or West/Northeast residence and less than high school education were associated with lower odds.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Differences observed in the study may potentially represent underlying disparities in access to care and dementia diagnosis in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Survey to Monitor Participant Experience in a Population-Based Study of Older Adults.","authors":"Isabella Wood, Erin Jacobsen, Tiffany Hughes, Mary Ganguli","doi":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000746","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WAD.0000000000000746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumer surveys are increasingly used in business and clinical practice, but less so in human subjects research. Within a longitudinal, population-based study of older adults, we administered a survey to monitor participants' experiences and address potential challenges. We invited participants to provide feedback on their study experience following their annual interviews, using a survey with Likert-scale questions and open-ended comments. In the first round of surveys between 2022 and 2024, 82% responded who were more likely to be White, cognitively normal, and endorse fewer than 5 depression symptoms compared with their counterparts who did not respond. In the open-ended comments, 63.2% mentioned positive overall experience, 44.3% mentioned positive interactions with staff, 19.4% mentioned the study's COVID-19 guidelines, and 17.4% shared their motivation for study participation. The survey amplified participants' voices and identified aspects of the study important to them. Understanding participants' experiences and expectations may help with retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520551,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer disease and associated disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}