Bulletin KNOB最新文献

{"title":"Naar een architectuur van vereenvoudiging?","authors":"Tom Packet, Caterina Verdickt, L. Schrijver","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.783","url":null,"abstract":"The Belgian architect Victor Horta (1861-1947) spent most of the First World War in the United States. Over the course of three years, from December 1915 to January 1919, he explored how the American skyscrapers, standardized dwellings and ingenious urban planning might serve as a model for a modern, post-war Belgium. \u0000Yet Horta’s memoirs had very little to say about his discussion of American architecture or any influence his travels might have had on his post-war work. This article consequently breaks new ground in examining the various talks on the subject that Horta gave in the 1920s. Horta’s lectures actually provide a good picture of how he started to see American architecture as a model for the future. In American architectural practice, serial production, standardization and economies of scale facilitated a simplification of the design – a solution Horta also proposed for war-torn Belgium. \u0000By way of illustration, the article describes the affinity between Horta’s more classical formal language of the 1920s, as in his 1925 pavilion for the Exposition international des Arts décoratifs et industriels modernes, and the architecture of the United States. It also shows that Horta was an important proponent of American architecture in Belgium, and also played a pioneering role in the introduction of some of its defining features, such as high-rise construction.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48770244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Daarom zal een kunstwerk een nationaal karakter moeten hebben’","authors":"D. Keuning","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.781","url":null,"abstract":"Tussen 1929 en 1938 leverde architectenbureau Gratama en Dinger een groot aantal vestigingen van de Incasso Bank op. Jan Gratama (1877-1947) was verantwoordelijk voor het ontwerp ervan. 1929 was in internationaal opzicht een jaar van groot economisch en politiek belang. De beurskrach in New York, die werd ingeluid door Black Thursday 24 oktober, leidde tot extreem dalende aandelenkoersen. Het gevolg was de economische crisis van de jaren dertig. Banken gingen failliet, schulden stapelden zich op en veel Nederlandse huishoudens raakten in financiële problemen. In dit volatiele klimaat ontstond een politieke voedingsbodem voor splinterpartijen die zich keerden tegen de parlementaire democratie. Een van die partijen was de Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB), die in de loop van de jaren dertig veel aanhang won. Dit artikel bespreekt Gratama’s ontwerpen voor de Incasso Bank en hun positie in de rest van zijn oeuvre tegen de achtergrond van de politieke ontwikkelingen in de jaren dertig.\u0000Hoewel het verleidelijk is Gratama’s toepassing van het Hollands classicisme te zien als een gevolg van zijn politieke denkbeelden, kan dat verband niet met zekerheid worden vastgesteld. Veel in zijn geschriften over traditionele en moderne architectuur roept een associatie op met het nationaalsocialisme. Maar zelf heeft Gratama voor zover bekend nooit expliciet een relatie gelegd tussen zijn bouwstijl en zijn politieke overtuiging, anders dan in termen als ‘nationaal karakter’, ‘volksaard’ en ‘traditie’. Bovendien kende het Nederlandse nationaalsocialisme als politieke stroming ook zelf geen eenduidige voorkeur voor een bepaalde architectonische stijl.\u0000De wellicht vooral commerciële behoefte van de Incasso Bank aan degelijkheid en herkenbaarheid in een economisch onzeker tijdgewricht viel samen met Gratama’s terugtrekking in een historiserende architectuurstijl. Deze was wat hem betreft kennelijk een passend antwoord op de economische en politieke ontwikkelingen in de jaren dertig. De gestage stroom opdrachten vanuit de Incasso Bank zorgde ervoor dat hij die stijl in de praktijk kon toepassen en verder ontwikkelen. Zijn gebouwen voor de Incasso Bank vormen daarmee bij uitstek de uitdrukking van zijn architectonische ontwikkeling in de jaren dertig – een ontwikkeling die hij vrijwel uitsluitend dankzij zijn opdrachten voor de Incasso Bank kon doormaken.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47355775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victor Bourgeois 1897-1962","authors":"Frederik Vandyck","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.787","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Iwan Strauven","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49127547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historische Atlas van Breda","authors":"W. Hupperetz","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.789","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Ton Kappelhof, Karel Leenders, Jan Willem Messer; Paul Klep (red.)","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De ordinaire kap","authors":"F. Haans","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.788","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Edwin Orsel","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43876995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Het Grote Bavoboek","authors":"J. Westerman","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.786","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Koen Vermeij, Henk Kaan en Daan den Hengst (red.)","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zendingsarchitect Pieter Simon Dijkstra en zijn Nederlandse werken","authors":"M. Kuipers, Nicholas J. Clarke","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.784","url":null,"abstract":"Pieter Simon Dijkstra (1884-1968) is regarded as a noted Protestant church designer in South Africa, but his contribution to the built environment in the Netherlands is much less well known. His life and career in the country of his birth are of interest because they are closely aligned with the religious turbulence of the period, in which the anti-revolutionary clergyman-politician Abraham Kuyper played a prominent role. The building of new Reformed churches and schools was a direct expression of the zealous determination to spread the ‘true faith’. The architecture of the new Reformed churches was often modest and restrained, influenced by Kuyper’s view that the church space should serve the ‘gathering of the faithful’ and be arranged in such a way that congregants could see and hear one other and the minister. Dijkstra, born to a clergyman father with a missionary zeal, delivered various designs in this Reformed context. \u0000Although Dijkstra grew up and trained in the northern Netherlands, Zeeland became  his main area of operation. In 1908, after time spent working in Groningen (Spijk) and Germany, Dijkstra settled in Vlissingen (Flushing) where he set up his own architectural practice. At the time Vlissingen was an internationally oriented city undergoing a radical transformation under the direction of the liberal alderman of public works, J.G. van Niftrik jr. (1889-1924). Dijkstra designed two new hall-type Reformed churches: one in Geersdijk (1910) and the Eben Haëzer church in Vlissingen (1910). There followed a remarkable inter-denominational collaboration after the English Presbyterian community’s place of worship in the St Jacob’s Church was destroyed by fire in 1911. After Dijkstra’s initial design for a simple hall church was rejected, the authoritative Catholic architect Pierre Cuypers (1827-1921) was commissioned to provide a sketch design for a small yet monumental building. Cuypers’ design for a neogothic church based on an octagonal plan was further elaborated by Dijkstra. The church was inaugurated in 1914. \u0000This unique project was followed by the Vlaswiek Reformed Church in Bovensmilde (Drenthe, 1915) and the Reformed Church in Kamperland (Noord-Beveland, 1923). The design for this robust church with corner tower and amphitheatre arrangement is in line with Kuyper’s views and foreshadows Dijkstra’s later church designs in South Africa. \u0000Dijkstra designed school buildings for the various Reformed communities in and around Vlissingen (in Koudekerke and Arnemuiden) and social housing estates, including three for the Protestant-Christian housing association Gemeenschappelijk Belang (Common Interest), partly in collaboration with P.J. Hamers (1882-1966). Among his commissions for retail spaces is the striking expressionist radio shop he designed for H.J. van der Meer en Zonen (1923 and 1926), still extant. In 1927, all out of the blue, Dijkstra decided to emigrate with his family to South Africa, where he continued to develop as a Re","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geen stijl","authors":"C. P. Krabbe","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.2.790","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Sieger Vreeling","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tanken in de stad","authors":"Thomas Vanhaute","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.1.777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.1.777","url":null,"abstract":"De wereldwijde automobielindustrie bevindt zich de laatste jaren in de grootste omwenteling sinds haar ontstaan, nu zo’n honderd jaar geleden. De nog lopende omschakeling van aandrijving door fossiele brandstoffen naar een elektrische krachtbron luidt het einde van een tijdperk in. Deze revolutie is een goede aanleiding om terug te kijken op honderd jaar rijden op benzine– en de bijbehorende service-architectuur. In dit kader geeft Thomas Vanhaute een representatief overzicht van de ontwikkeling van straatpomp naar selfservice station in Antwerpen en de directe omgeving in de periode 1945 tot en met 1975. Het is een beknopte weergave van een architectuurhistorisch onderzoek op basis van meer dan 200 bouwaanvragen en milieuvergunningen uit het Stadsarchief van Antwerpen waarin een aantal parameters van naderbij bekeken en geanalyseerd werden. Hierdoor was het mogelijk om ontwikkelingslijnen van de naoorlogse service- en benzinestations bloot te leggen en vervolgens te duiden in het licht van de socio-economische en stedenbouwkundige situatie en transformaties in en rond de stad. Door het historisch onderzoek te koppelen aan actueel in situ-onderzoek, konden bovendien de nog bestaande restanten van deze structuur opgespoord en voor herwaardering en bescherming aangemerkt worden.","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48386881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inessential Colors","authors":"P. Vlaardingerbroek","doi":"10.48003/knob.122.2023.1.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48003/knob.122.2023.1.778","url":null,"abstract":"Bespreking van een boek van Basile Baudez","PeriodicalId":52053,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin KNOB","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}