Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the properties of synthetic and animal ballistic gelatine in forensic investigations.","authors":"Grzegorz Motrycz, Karolina Julia Helnarska","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.020.23212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.020.23212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ballistic gelatine is widely used as a medium for simulating human tissue in ballistic research. Its ability to faithfully replicate how tissue responds to projectile penetration makes it a valuable tool in ballistic trauma analysis. This article outlines its applications, traces the evolution of this research technique, and highlights its key limitations. Wound ballistics is a branch of terminal ballistics that focuses on the effects of projectile penetration into the human or animal body, specifically the behavior of projectiles within biological tissues. The material presented here examines and demonstrates the potential for imaging bullet behavior in soft- ‑tissue simulants, animal ballistic gelatine, and synthetic ballistic gelatine. The use of soft‑tissue simulants allows for the observation of temporal cavity formation and the assessment of wound physiology and injury severity. The material presented here addresses an existing information gap and outlines research opportunities in the field of terminal ballistics (wound ballistics).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two soft‑tissue substitutes, animal ballistic gelatine and synthetic ballistic gelatine, were used. A ballistic experiment was selected as the research method, and the researcher employed analysis, comparison, synthesis, abstraction, and deduction as methodological approaches. During the experiment, physical parameters were recorded to evaluate the projectile's movement within the tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of the experiment, significant differences were observed in the imaging of key wound‑ballistics parameters, including the entry and exit wounds, the permanent cavity, and the temporal cavity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the answers to the research questions, the hypothesis can be confirmed: animal ballistic gelatine and synthetic ballistic gelatine, when used as soft‑tissue surrogates, demonstrate similar potential for reconstructing bullet penetration, but they differ in the level of detail with which injury characteristics are imaged.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 4","pages":"273-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Pulmonary Embolism Following Liposuction: A Case Report.","authors":"Magdalena Nowakowska, Marcin Tomsia, Michał Szczepański, Rafał Skowronek","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.022.23214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.022.23214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liposuction is an increasingly popular plastic surgery procedure due to its effectiveness in removing excess adipose tissue from various body regions. However, like any invasive intervention, it carries the risk of numerous complications. The aim of this report is to present the second documented case in Poland of a 34‑year‑old woman who died on the second postoperative day following liposuction combined with abdominoplasty, due to pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. The paper discusses the two most common causes of death associated with liposuction and provides literature‑based recommendations for patient management aimed at minimizing the risk of postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 4","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and suicides in Warsaw.","authors":"Daniel D Jońca, Cezary Orzechowski, Aleksandra Borowska-Solonynko, Karolina Hanusz, Paulina Konopka, Natalia Wolanowska, Aleksandra Zaremba","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.002.21537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.002.21537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the number of suicides, the methods of their occurrence, the age and gender structure of individuals committing suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the period before the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The data for the study came from a manually created ledger in which deceased individuals sent to the Department and Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Warsaw (WUM) were registered. The first stage of the work required manually transcribing the ledger into an Excel program. The preliminary analysis covered all registered deceased individuals in 2019 (the year before the pandemic) and 2020 (the year of the outbreak) - n=2939. A detailed analysis was conducted on cases of suicide deaths. Statistical significance was examined using the Chi-Square test and the Proportion Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall number of suicides in 2020 was slightly higher (n=208) compared to 2019 (n=197), with the most significant increase observed among children and adolescents (age group 0-19 years) - 2019: n=6, 2020: n=14. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). A statistically significant increase in suicide deaths caused by intentional poisoning was observed (2019: n=5, 2020: n=17). During the pandemic, there was a slight increase in the number of suicides among men (2019: n=152, 2020: n=162), while the number of suicides among women remained practically stable (2019: n=45, 2020: n=46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the first year of the pandemic in Warsaw and the surrounding areas, no significant increase in the number of suicides was observed. However, there was a noticeable rise in the number of individuals in the youngest age group. The change in suicide numbers did not affect women. A significant shift was related to the chosen method of suicide-there was an increase in the number of intentional fatal poisonings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 1","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female violence against men.","authors":"Anna Więcek-Durańska","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.024.21223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.024.21223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phenomenon of violence against men is a significantly less researched topic compared to violence against women. The issue of female violence against men is often overlooked, marginalized, and sometimes even considered less harmful or important. Established social patterns frequently depict women as weaker and defenseless individuals, and men as attackers and aggressors. In reality, there are situations where women become the initiators and perpetrators of acts of violence, and their victims are men. The phenomenon of violence against men is also a shameful topic, which results in a strong reluctance of men to report acts of violence by women to the appropriate authorities. This, in turn, lowers the statistics and fails to show the true scale of the occurrence of the problem of violence against men. The article presents the results of gender-based violence studies involving men. It turns out that the scale of violence against men is significant, with one in three men (34%) experiencing psychological violence from their current partner, 1% experiencing physical violence, and 0.5% experiencing sexual violence. Nearly 8% of the surveyed men indicated physical violence in a relationship from former partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 4","pages":"308-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood: the effect of the preservative agent.","authors":"Kaja Tusiewicz, Paweł Szpot, Olga Wachełko, Marcin Zawadzki","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.022.21221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.022.21221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride anions are believed to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, thus there is a possibility that the activity may be affected by blood sampling into vials containing sodium fluoride as an anticoagulant. The paper aims to draw attention to the effect of the anticoagulant used in blood collection tubes on acetylcholinesterase activity. A stability study was conducted for 176 days on blood samples collected into tubes containing sodium fluoride or sodium EDTA. An improved Ellman procedure, utilizing spectrophotometric determination at 436 nm, was employed in order to determine acetylcholinesterase activity. An immediate decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in blood samples containing sodium fluoride. A significant decrease was evident immediately after blood collection and on the first day, after which the activity stabilized at 84% of the initial value. Subsequently, the activity increased to a level comparable to the initial value. In samples collected with EDTA, acetylcholinesterase activity was comparable to that in the sample without anticoagulant, and the activity remained constant for about 2 months. In conclusion, it is recommended that acetylcholinesterase activity be tested immediately after blood collection to reduce enzyme inhibition by fluoride anions, or that tubes with another anticoagulant, such as EDTA, be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 4","pages":"289-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the expert and teaching activities of university forensic medicine departments in 2011-2024.","authors":"Grzegorz Teresiński","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.021.23213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.021.23213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Consultants appointed in the field of forensic medicine do not directly participate in implementing health policy, monitoring the availability of health services, or conducting inspections of healthcare facilities. The national consultant in forensic medicine is responsible for overseeing the content of undergraduate and postgraduate education, monitoring equipment and the effective use of analytical equipment, preparing opinions on resource assessments and staffing needs, reviewing draft legislation, and initiating epidemiological studies. One way to fulfill these responsibilities was through periodic penetration surveys conducted by the national consultant to provincial consultants and heads of forensic medicine departments (ZMS).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this report was to identify trends in the implementation of teaching tasks and the expert activities of university ZMSs based on periodic surveys initiated between 2011 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The following national consultant inquiries were analyzed: annual survey of service activities covering the following areas of expertise (since 2011-present): forensic medical opinions; forensic toxicology examinations; forensic genetic analyses; assessment of teaching staff resources and personnel performing expert activities (2016, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2024); verification of research equipment availability (2016, 2021); inquiry regarding the availability of clinical consultants in matters concerning the assessment of the appropriateness of medical procedures (2022); monitoring the scope of teaching provided in individual Medical Schools, taking into account the teaching load in subsequent cycles of education (2016, 2019, 2021, 2024); as well as ongoing monitoring of specialization internships and training courses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of regularly repeated surveys enable the identification of trends in the academic model of practicing forensic medicine in Poland, the adaptation of resources to the projected demand for specialized expert services, and the harmonization of educational activities in the context of updating educational standards in medical fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The national consultant's mandate does not include taking actions directly aimed at resolving current issues within the discipline. However, during the previous two terms, the author of the report repeatedly expressed his position on matters concerning the community of Polish medical doctors, geneticists, and forensic toxicologists. The data obtained during the aforementioned survey initiatives constituted key arguments in justifying the presented demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 4","pages":"292-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The so-called Mongolian spots and suspected child abuse - difficulties in differential diagnosis.","authors":"Szymon Rzepczyk, Paweł Świderski, Damian Rusek, Jakub Czerwik, Ryszard Żaba, Czesław Żaba","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.017.20815","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.017.20815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of physical violence against children is an important issue in forensic medicine, particularly in the case of infants and toddlers, who, due to their stage of development, are unable to communicate the violence inflicted upon them. This case describes a two-week-old girl of Roma origin, who was transferred from a temporary to a foster family. While changing the child, the foster parents noticed bruises in the sacral area. Based on the initial assessment of these changes at the hospital, the authorities were notified and an investigation was initiated. The first court expert assessing the changes indicated that the image resembled resorbing haemorrhages resulting from trauma. Another team of experts, consisting of specialists in forensic medicine, dermatology and pathology, was appointed. Based on the analysis of medical records and a physical examination using a dermatoscope, pale-blue spots characteristic of the Mongolian spot were found in the lumbar and buttock areas. Mongolian spots are congenital developmental abnormalities classified as melanocytic naevi. In most cases, the changes appear immediately after birth or shortly thereafter. Clinically, a lesion appears as single or multiple spots on the lower back, sacrum, or buttocks. These lesions can range in colour from dark grey to blue-green and take on various shapes, such as round, oval, or irregular. Lesions on the skin of children can morphologically resemble bruises, so their evaluation requires special attention. In case of doubt as to the nature of the lesion, additional examination should be performed. Furthermore, the analysis of medical records and the evaluation by a dermatologist can be helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences - selected issues.","authors":"Michał Szeremeta, Julia Janica, Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.005.19650","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.005.19650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the work is to provide an overview of the potential application of artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences, and to identify concerns related to providing medico-legal opinions and legal liability in cases in which possible harm in terms of diagnosis and/or treatment is likely to occur when using an advanced system of computer-based information processing and analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The material for the study comprised scientific literature related to the issue of artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences. For this purpose, Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. To identify useful articles, such terms as \"artificial intelligence,\" \"deep learning,\" \"machine learning,\" \"forensic medicine,\" \"legal medicine,\" \"forensic pathology\" and \"medicine\" were used. In some cases, articles were identified based on the semantic proximity of the introduced terms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dynamic development of the computing power and the ability of artificial intelligence to analyze vast data volumes made it possible to transfer artificial intelligence methods to forensic medicine and related sciences. Artificial intelligence has numerous applications in forensic medicine and related sciences and can be helpful in thanatology, forensic traumatology, post-mortem identification examinations, as well as post-mortem microscopic and toxicological diagnostics. Analyzing the legal and medico-legal aspects, artificial intelligence in medicine should be treated as an auxiliary tool, whereas the final diagnostic and therapeutic decisions and the extent to which they are implemented should be the responsibility of humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of cases concerning assessment of the correctness of orthodontic treatment in the material of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz.","authors":"Paweł Machała, Anna Smędra, Jarosław Berent, Katarzyna Wochna","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.018.20816","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.018.20816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In assessing the correctness of dentist's proceedings, the expert opinion plays a crucial role and forms the basis for the decision-making process of the procedural authority. Experts, using their knowledge and experience, while also relying on medical standards and recognized international indicators of orthodontic treatment effectiveness, evaluate the medical proceedings. The aim of the study was to analyse the opinions concerning orthodontic treatment in the material of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz. During the examined period from 2016 to 2023, 14 such opinions were issued. These opinions were analysed in terms of case characteristics and primarily examined whether there is a correlation between the orthodontic specialization of the dentist conducting the treatment and the expert's assessment of their proceedings. Our analysis indicates that the qualifications of the dentist, understood as holding a specialization, affect the objective quality of orthodontic treatment. In cases where an opinion indicated incorrect proceedings, the error was most often made at the stage of orthodontic diagnosis, leading to the implementation of incorrect treatment. Therefore, dentists without a specialization - although no regulation prohibits them from providing orthodontic treatment - should realistically assess their capabilities before undertaking such treatment. This is particularly important because if they do undertake such treatment, their actions will be judged in the same way as those of specialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"228-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of gunshot injuries to long bones from pneumatic weapons using a human thigh model. Part II. Presentation and discussion of the detailed results of tests of gunshots of the anterior surface of the femur with 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm caliber shot.","authors":"Mateusz Wilk, Elżbieta Chowaniec, Małgorzata Chowaniec, Czesław Chowaniec","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.003.19648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.003.19648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of pneumatic shooting has led to the construction of technologically advanced devices with discharge energies similar to those of firearms. The pneumatic weapons ammunition market offers a variety of shot which varies in penetration properties and the extent of gunshot damage. In view of the ease of \"tuning\" of air rifles, a study was conducted of the inlet damage to the anterior femoral surface after pneumatic gunshots. The paper shows the differences in damage parameters depending on the type of shot.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In the study, Air Arms Hi-Power Xtra FAC cal. 5.5 mm and FX Bobcat Mk II cal. 6.35 mm pneumatic carbines were used and lead shot by Haendler&Natterman's Spitzkugel type, Hollow Point and Baracuda cal. 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm, as well as lead-free shot Excite Apollo cal. 5.5 mm and Black Max Lead-Free cal. 6.35 mm. Measurements were taken of the extent of inlet damage to the anterior surface of the femoral shaft with X-ray and CT imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HollowPoint shot caused the greatest range of gunshot penetration damage in both bone and periosteum, Apollo lead-free shot caused the least. At the same time, HollowPoint shot showed the greatest susceptibility to ricocheting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>1. The type of shot used influences diversified morphology of the holes and the nature of gunshot damage to the femoral shaft. The differences concern both the gunshot holes and the nature, course and extent of associated fractures. 2. The smallest inlet holes and damage to the periosteum with a regular shape are caused by gunshots with pointed and pointed tip pellets. The greatest extent of bone and periosteum inlet damage was observed in gunshots with Hollow Point type shot due to its predisposition to deformation and fragmentation. 3. Radio-imaging studies are a valuable complement to macroscopic visual assessment providing a useful value for identifying the type of shot used.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 1","pages":"28-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}