Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of corpse damage caused by scuds.","authors":"Magda Wojarska, Lidia Ziobro, Oliwia Boruta, Kateryna Shtohryn, Julia Suchcicka, Wiktoria Wojturska, Ewa Rzepecka-Woźniak, Tomasz Konopka","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.015.20813","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.015.20813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate in which rivers and water bodies the phenomenon of corpse damage caused by scuds occurs, whether it is related to the duration of the body's immersion in water, and to define the common characteristics of such skin lesions. Furthermore, the frequency of its occurrence was assessed, taking into account air temperature and season.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine at Jagiellonian University in Krakow for the years 2015-2024 were analysed. A total of 285 cases of drowning victims were selected. The occurrence and type of injuries were verified based on documentation and autopsy photographs. Histopathological examinations were performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine to confirm the presence of human proteins in the digestive system of crustaceans.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>A common feature in all the cases was the punctate disruption of the epidermis. In 5 out of 285 cases, small crustaceans were found, along with epidermal lesions on exposed parts of the body. Similar damage, but without the presence of individuals of scuds, was present on 25 bodies. No typical damage caused by D. haemobaphes was found on corpses in an advanced state of decomposition. The phenomenon of scud scavenging on corpses was observed almost exclusively at positive air temperatures, with an increase during the spring-summer period. The characteristic punctate epidermal lesions on corpses retrieved from water are the result of scud scavenging, including D. haemobaphes. Such damage occurred only when the time between the victim's death due to drowning and their retrieval from the water was short. The largest number of drowning victims with signs of scud scavenging was found in the Vistula River.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of cefuroxime in human blood and urine using UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to stability study of cefuroxime over 278 days.","authors":"Karolina Nowak, Marcin Zawadzki, Paweł Szpot","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.020.20818","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.020.20818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Forensically, the widespread use of antibiotics necessitates methods for their detection in biological materials to ascertain their role in adverse reactions or fatalities. Given the need to conduct toxicological studies on materials stored for extended periods under various temperature conditions, research on antibiotic stability in biological matrices over such durations is crucial for accurate toxicological assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The stability of cefuroxime in blood and urine was determined for 278 days at three different temperatures: -15°C, +4°C, +23°C. The analyses were conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The method met all validation requirements. This study also describes the results of the thermal stability of cefuroxime. Cefuroxime showed the greatest stability at -15°C and was highly unstable at room temperature (+23°C) in all types of studied biological matrices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study confirms instability of cefuroxime in blood and urine samples. Therefore, the analysis of this antibiotic in biological matrices for purposes such as forensic toxicology should be performed as soon as possible after sampling to avoid decline in concentration. In cases of prolonged material storage, the concentrations should be cautiously interpreted in the prepared expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"265-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of gunshot injuries to long bones from pneumatic weapons using a human thigh model. Part I. Introduction and assumptions. Discussion of shot ballistics. Human thigh model.","authors":"Mateusz Wilk, Elżbieta Chowaniec, Małgorzata Chowaniec, Czesław Chowaniec","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.002.19647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.002.19647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In accordance with the Polish law, pneumatic weapons are weapons that use compressed gas to set a bullet in motion and generate a discharge energy of more than 17J. In recent years, Poland has seen an increase in crimes committed with pneumatic weapons. The research aim of the present study was to measure the velocity of selected 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm caliber shot and to create a model of a human thigh using a pig femur.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study used Air Arms Hi-Power Xtra FAC cal. 5.5 mm and FX Bobcat Mk II cal. 6.35 mm carbines and Haendler& Natterman's Spitzkugel, Hollow Point and Baracuda cal. 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm lead shot and Excite Apollo cal. 5.5 mm and Black Max Lead-Free cal. 6.35 mm lead-free shot. The velocity of the shot at a distance of 10 m was measured and its kinetic energy was calculated; pig femurs were measured and CT imaging was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 5.5mm caliber shot reached velocities between 253 m/s and 278 m/s, obtaining energies between 27J and 44J. The 6.35 mm cal. shot reached velocities between 242 m/s and 254 m/s and energies between 52J and 59J. Pig femurs had an average weight of 410 g, a length of 239 mm, and a shaft diameter at mid-length of 30.6mm. The thickness of pig femur shaft walls was variable. A ballistic model of the human thigh was created using gelatin available in Poland.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>1. The number of registered crimes with pneumatic weapons and the wide access to pneumatic devices with the possibility of design modifications justify the initiation of experimental studies on the assessment of gunshot injuries from pneumatic weapons. 2. The parameters of the shaft of a pig femur obtained from pigs weighing about 115 kg are similar to those of a human adult femur, which makes it possible to create a human thigh model. 3. Of the 5.5 mm cal. shot, the highest impact energies were generated by barracuda type shot, and of the 6.35 mm cal. shot, it was barracuda type and lead-free shot. 4. The thickness of the bony layer of the pig femur shaft is heterogeneous; the posterior wall of the shaft is the thickest, the lateral wall is the thinnest; however, it shows the greatest individual variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 1","pages":"9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-familial rape - characteristics of the phenomenon.","authors":"Anna Więcek-Durańska","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.019.20817","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.019.20817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main aim of the study was an attempt to develop and present characteristics of rapes that occurred in the family, with consideration of the modus operandi of the perpetrators according to the degree of kinship, their motivational background, the circumstances under which the acts were committed, and the psychosocial profile of the perpetrator and the victim. Moreover, an attempt was made to isolate the risk factors for intra-familial rapes, with the possibility of using them in preventive measures. The study was conducted based on empirical material from court cases in which the perpetrators of rapes were related to the victims. The research material consisted of files of criminal cases completed with a final judgment in 2015-2020. At the request of the researcher, criminal cases meeting the accepted criteria, where the male or female perpetrator of rape was a person related to the victim or a partner, were made available from the criminal departments of the courts. In the study presented here, a total of 46 intra-familial rape cases were analysed, of which 38 involve incestuous rape and 8 involve partner rape. Regardless of the type of abuse and kinship, the perpetrators were characterized by a fairly low psychosocial status (low level of education, low occupational status), addiction or alcohol abuse, personality disorders, problems with higher emotionality. Most of the acts against minors were of a substitutionary nature, the perpetrators did not show sexual preference disorders in the form of paedophilia. Alcohol abuse and personality disorders are risk factors irrespective of the cases. Impulse and emotional control deficits, deficits in understanding emotions and feelings, low self-esteem and lack of established normal male role models. A risk factor is the perpetrators' limited intellect and associated impaired social functioning: reduced critical thinking, lack of internalised social norms, elevated levels of sexual drive and limitations in the areas of impulse control and deferring gratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 2","pages":"244-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare consequences of a single fist punch to the orbital region - a description of two cases.","authors":"Ewa Toruńska, Piotr Engelgardt, Maria Szwajkowska, Maciej Krzyżanowski","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.013.20342","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.013.20342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A direct punch with a clenched fist to the face most often results in soft tissue damage, which is usually not serious enough to be considered a severe health impairment. This article presents two cases in which a single punch to the orbital region led to a blowout fracture. The first case resulted in additional displacement of the right lens into the vitreous body, secondary glaucoma and retinal detachment. In the second case, the victim sustained retinal concussion and subretinal haemorrhage due to choroidal rupture at the level of the macula resulting in temporary, almost complete loss of vision. Such injuries, although possible, are not typical of the mechanism described. In both cases, the effects meet the legal definition of impairment of the functioning of a bodily organ or disturbance of health lasting longer than 7 days within the meaning of the relevant article of the Polish Penal Code. Additionally, in the second case, we deal with exposure to direct danger - loss of vision in one eye (another severe disability) within the meaning of the relevant articles of the Polish Penal Code.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 2","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142550026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex determination and odontometric dimensions - A study of a North Indian population.","authors":"Nandini Chitara, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.009.20338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.009.20338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex determination is an indispensable parameter in identifying unknown deceased individuals. It can narrow down the chances of possible matches by 50%, providing a crucial lead in personal identification. In cases of commingled, decomposed, fragmented, charred and unidentifiable corpses, the importance of dental morphometrics cannot be overlooked due to the resistance of teeth to post-mortem degradation. Addressing this quality of teeth, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a North Indian population to evaluate sexual variations in dental dimensions and to identify the most sexually dimorphic dental dimension. The study included 207 participants (114 females and 93 males) in the age group of 21 to 45 years. Dental casts were prepared after obtaining informed consent from the participants and ethical clearance from the institute's ethical committee. Six odontometric dimensions, namely incisor-incisor distance, inter canine distance, combined width of central incisors, inter-premolar distance, inter-molar distance, and dental arch height of each participant were recorded on the dental casts using standard procedures. Analysis of the data elucidated the existence of statistically significant sexual dimorphism in the dental dimensions of the participants. The results of the discriminant function analysis show a sex determination accuracy of 68.1%, with a cross-validation accuracy of 65.2%. The study found the incisor-incisor distance to be the most sexually dimorphic trait, making it the best predictor of sex in the present population. The results of the present study may be helpful in sex determination and personal identification from dental remains in medico-legal and disaster victim identification cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142550038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}