Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii最新文献

{"title":"Presence of vitality evidence in railway run-over cases in the autopsy material of the Kraków Department of Forensic Medicine.","authors":"Marcin Poręba, Katarzyna Barabasz, Aleksandra Bodzioch, Justyna Chomej, Gabriela Dziedzic, Zuzanna Fliszkiewicz, Tomasz Konopka","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.003.23579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.003.23579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Assessment of vitality in railway run-over cases is crucial for accurately distinguishing deaths resulting from accidents, suicides, or other types of events from those caused by criminal activity. To determine vitality at the time of the run-over, autopsy evaluation relies on the presence of indicators of preserved circulation and respiratory function at the moment of the incident.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of selected vitality indicators in railway run-over cases and to analyze their relationship with toxicological findings, the sex of the victims, and the manner of death.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After reviewing autopsy reports and the photographic database (2011-2023), 71 deaths classified as caused by railway run-over were identified. Data were collected on the described indicators of vitality at the time of the incident and the frequency of their occurrence. Blood alcohol concentration, sex and age of the victims, as well as the circumstances of the event, were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis demonstrated that in every railway run-over case, the presence of vitality indicators could be confirmed, with external bruising being observed in all instances. Internal hemorrhages were also frequent (38% of cases), as were pulmonary contusions (58%) and aspiration of blood into the airways (45%). The vast majority of the deceased were male (83.1%). At the time of the incident, a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 0.5‰ was found in 45.1% of individuals. More than half of the cases (56.3%) were classified as accidents, 36.6% as suicides, and in 7% the circumstances of death remained unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that even in cases involving extensive bodily trauma, including dismemberment, it is possible to determine whether the victim was alive at the moment of the railway run-over. Despite the severe destruction of the bodies, it remains feasible to establish whether death resulted from the run-over itself or whether an alternative cause should be considered, such as homicide followed by placement of the body on the tracks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Surface Scanning of Corpses - Assessment of the Usefulness of the Procedure in Collecting and Archiving Evidence.","authors":"Krzysztof Maksymowicz, Wojciech Tunikowski","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.005.23581","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.005.23581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of 3D surface scanning of corpses as a procedure for collecting and archiving evidence material in forensic medical practice. The research material consisted of surface scans of the bodies of deceased individuals undergoing autopsy at the request of the prosecutor's office. Scanning was performed non‑invasively, without direct contact between the device and the body, using an Apple LiDAR sensor and the Recon3D application. The procedure included three stages: scanning the body in clothing, without clothing, and after washing; at each stage, both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body were recorded. The examination produced digital 3D models of the corpses in the form of computer files, enabling interactive viewing, taking measurements, generating cross‑sections, and comparing the models with other 3D objects on the same scale. The models were also presented without perspective distortion, which allowed the correct proportions and dimensions of the body to be preserved. Using the obtained models in combination with data from the scene, biological and technical traces, and other 3D materials made it possible to analyze the course of events in various types of cases, including shootings, stab wounds, pedestrian impacts, falls from height, and beatings. The study emphasizes that 3D surface scanning of corpses does not replace traditional photographic documentation but constitutes a significant extension of it. The conclusions indicate that the method is fast, non‑invasive, and useful both for archiving and for later analysis of evidence material. The resulting models increase the visual value of the documentation, facilitate integration with other imaging studies, can be quickly shared with remote experts, and may serve as a basis for reconstructing the probable course of events in a 3D environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Electrocution of a Child During Kite Flying: A Case Report.","authors":"Amal Nishantha Vadysinghe, Paneetha Seneviratne, Kasun Bandara Ekanayake, Navodya Kumari Ekanayake, Chathula Ushari Wickramasinghe, Bandarage Sanjaya","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.007.23583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.007.23583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kite flying is generally perceived as a harmless recreational activity, particularly among children. However, under certain environmental and physiological conditions, it may pose unexpected hazards. We present an unusual case of fatal pediatric electrocution that occurred during kite flying with a standard nylon thread, illustrating how specific circumstances can overcome the insulating properties typically attributed to such materials.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A previously healthy nine-year-old boy was flying a kite near a suburban roadway under adult supervision when the kite became entangled in an overhead 33,000-volt power line. While attempting to retrieve the kite, the child collapsed suddenly and became unresponsive. He was transported to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead on arrival. There was no reported history of direct contact with the electrical infrastructure other than through the kite string. Postmortem examination revealed localized burn injuries on the dorsal aspects of the right thumb and index finger, consistent with an electrical entry site. No definitive exit wounds were identified. Internal examination was unremarkable. Histopathological analysis of palmar skin demonstrated dermo-epidermal separation, elongation and streaming of epidermal nuclei, and homogenization of dermal collagen, findings characteristic of electrical injury. A history of longstanding palmar hyperhidrosis was obtained from the parents, raising the possibility that sweat saturation may have increased the electrical conductivity of the nylon thread.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case demonstrates a rare mechanism of fatal pediatric electrocution involving a sweat-saturated nylon kite thread, underscoring the complex interaction between physiological factors, environmental conditions, and material properties. It further highlights the need for increased public awareness regarding the hidden risks associated with kite flying in proximity to overhead power lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examinations of the Victims of the Pacification of Striking Miners at the 'Wujek' Coal Mine on 16 December 1981 in the Materials and Recollections of the Staff of the Department of Forensic Medicine in Katowice.","authors":"Rafał Skowronek","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.006.23582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.006.23582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pacification of the striking workers of the 'Wujek' coal mine on 16 December 1981 was one of the most serious crimes committed during the martial law imposed by General Wojciech Jaruzelski. Nine miners died from gunshot wounds and were examined at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Katowice, then headed by Professor Władysław Nasiłowski. This article presents Nasiłowski's consolidated report of those examinations and selected recollections of staff members previously dispersed across press and online sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 2026","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Panoramic Radiography in the Identification of Human Remains - Significance in Forensic Medical Practice.","authors":"Oliwia Sędziak, Krzysztof Michalak, Paweł Grabarek, Dawid Fornalski, Damian Kozubek","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.004.23580","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.004.23580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic testing, although regarded as the gold standard in the identification of human remains of unknown identity, is subject to significant limitations resulting from the degradation of biological material and the absence of comparative reference samples. This paper presents the case of an unidentified male (NN) whose body exhibited extensive mechanical trauma and advanced thermal alterations. The severity of soft‑tissue destruction precluded visual identification, while the lack of reference material rendered DNA analysis impossible. The key diagnostic tool in this case was a comparative assessment of antemortem and postmortem radiological documentation, specifically panoramic radiographs. An attempt was also made to evaluate the morphology of the paranasal sinuses using computed tomography; however, extensive fractures of the facial skeleton prevented meaningful analysis. This case demonstrates that odontological examination, based on the unique combination of dental features, constitutes a reliable and effective method of identification in forensic medical practice, particularly in circumstances that limit or preclude the use of genetic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the causes of death in children and adolescents in the autopsy material of the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Białystok from 2006 to 2024.","authors":"Wiktoria Dobkowska, Natalia Zyśkowska, Kacper Warpechowski, Maria Doroszczyk, Julia Garbuz, Julia Janica, Urszula Cwalina, Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica, Michał Szeremeta","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.001.23577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.001.23577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>assessment of the structure of causes of death in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in the autopsy material of the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Białystok in the years 2006-2024.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>the analysis was conducted on a group of 333 cases of deaths in children and adolescents, based on data contained in 7,551 autopsy reports, which represents 4.41% of all forensic autopsies performed during the study period. The analysis included the cause of death, sex, and accompanying circumstances such as season of the year, day of the week, and place of residence. The collected material was processed statistically according to the adopted classification criteria, and the results were presented in both descriptive and graphical form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the analysis showed that the most common causes of death were accidents, including 111 traffic accidents and 84 non‑traffic accidents. The highest number of deaths was observed during the summer months and on weekends. A predominance of deaths among boys was noted, accounting for 216 cases (65%), while deaths among girls constituted 117 cases (35%). The analysis revealed differences in the structure of causes of death depending on place of residence. In rural areas, traffic accidents were the leading cause of death, representing 43.5%. In contrast, in urban areas, deaths most frequently resulted from non‑traffic accidents, with a proportion of 29%.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>the study results indicate the need for a multidirectional approach to the prevention of deaths in children, and the autopsy material constitutes a reliable source of epidemiological data in cases of deaths among minors. These data provide not only a basis for scientific analyses but may also serve as a useful tool supporting preventive measures and contribute to the development of an effective strategy for reducing mortality among children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"5-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Methodological recommendations for forensic medical examination of bodily injuries].","authors":"Piotr Engelgardt, Jarosław Berent, Filip Bolechała, Tomasz Jurek, Michał Szeremeta, Grzegorz Teresiński","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.008.23584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.008.23584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Niniejszy dokument wraz z załącznikami stanowi zbiór zaleceń dla lekarzy/lekarek wykonujących sądowo-lekarskie badania pokrzywdzonych, opracowanych w celu ujednolicenia dokumentacji opiniodawczej w zakresie oceny stopnia uszczerbku na zdrowiu u osób żywych. Schemat rutynowego działania dotyczy dokumentowania obrażeń zewnętrznych (lub ich braku), nie obejmuje natomiast oceny odległych następstw urazu oraz przypadków szczególnych.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Out-of-hospital death confirmation algorithm].","authors":"Artur Moskała, Bartosz Burchardt, Marcin Fudalej, Anna Smędra, Grzegorz Teresiński","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.009.23585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.009.23585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PTMSIK ds. formalnych i medycznych aspektów stwierdzania zgonu opracował zestaw algorytmów postępowania dla osób stwierdzających zgon w warunkach pozaszpitalnych. Nadrzędnym celem niniejszego opracowania jest uporządkowanie oraz ujednolicenie postępowania w sytuacjach związanych ze stwierdzaniem zgonu poza podmiotami leczniczymi, z uwzględnieniem zarówno aspektów medycznych, jak i obowiązujących regulacji prawnych.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence against minors. Analysis of the phenomenon based on forensic medical examinations performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Poznan in 2015-2020.","authors":"Aleksandra Bielecka, Bartosz Burchardt, Klaudia Dolińska-Kaczmarek, Julia Linke, Karolina Nitschke, Szymon Rzepczyk, Czesław Żaba","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.002.23578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.002.23578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Forensic medical opinions are central to classifying offences against health. Examinations determine whether violence resulted in bodily harm; in many cases, the victims are minors.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We analyzed 670 incidents of violence against minors in the Wielkopolska region (2015-2020) using anonymized forensic examinations commissioned by the police or requested by victims/legal guardians. Minors were defined as individuals aged &lt;18 years. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, SD, IQR, range) and chi-square/Fisher tests were used; significance was set at p&#61;0.05. Victims and perpetrators were predominantly male. Bruises were the most common injury, and the head was the most frequently affected region. More than half of incidents occurred in public spaces.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>An estimated one billion children worldwide experience violence each year; the true burden is likely higher because of underreporting. Many incidents never reach law enforcement, limiting available data. Although numerous social and preventive programs aim to reduce violence against children, its persistence indicates a need for broader, more comprehensive prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Violence against minors remains a major public health and social concern. Large-scale prevention programs are needed, and training for healthcare and educational professionals is crucial because they are often the first to recognize abuse and initiate appropriate intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"76 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the causes of death in children under one year of age in the material of the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, with particular emphasis on the issue of SIDS.","authors":"Oliwia Boruta, Magda Wojarska, Julia Suchcicka, Lidia Ziobro, Kateryna Shtohryn, Tomasz Konopka","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.014.22658","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.014.22658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in the expert material of the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków between 2000 and 2024, and to analyze the most common causes of death in children under one year of age. Materials and Methods: Autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków from the years 2000 to 2024 were analyzed. Information was collected and examined for 219 children aged 0-12 months, including demographic data - age and sex, external and internal examination findings, and the location where the bodies were discovered. The data were supplemented using available medical records, family interviews, or police notes from the scene. Additional analyses included toxicological, histopathological, and imaging studies, as well as photographic documentation, when available. Results and Conclusions: Fourteen cases were classified as Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID), accounting for 6.4% of the 219 autopsies performed. During the study period, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was diagnosed in only seven cases, representing 3.2% of the examined group - two among newborns and five among infants. All seven SIDS cases occurred in children under four months of age. The most common cause of death in children under one year of age was systemic infection, identified in 104 cases. In 51 cases, a diagnosis of pneumonia was made, and in 9 cases - pneumonia accompanied by myocarditis. Of all autopsies performed on children under one year of age, 77 (35.2%) concerned newborns.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 3","pages":"210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}