Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii最新文献

{"title":"Oral microbiome dynamics in Postmortem Interval estimation: research standards and guidelines.","authors":"Aleksandra Haenel, Tomasz Grzybowski, Katarzyna Skonieczna","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.004.21539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.004.21539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) is a crucial aspect of forensic investigations as it verifies an alibi or narrows down suspects. Nevertheless, PMI estimation remains one of the most challenging problems in forensic science. Currently used methods are influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors affecting decomposition. Thus, determining the time of death largely depends on the skills and experience of the forensic experts. Consequently, currently used procedures are prone to inaccuracies. Lately, gut microbiome analysis has proven useful in determining the time of death. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that profiling the oral microbiome may also provide valuable insights into PMI estimation. In this review, we examine published reports on oral microbiome and highlight the methodological limitations that diminish their scientific value. Therefore, we summarize the research standards and guidelines for oral microbiome studies to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of PMI studies. Consequently, standardization of this type of research could lead to the development of innovative approaches that may be implemented into routine forensic genetics practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual greenish tissue discoloration in fatal aluminium phosphide poisoning: clinical and forensic perspectives.","authors":"Jayeshkumar Kanani, Mohammed Iliyas Sheikh","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.027.21226","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.027.21226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>Aluminum phosphide poisoning poses significant challenges both in clinical and forensic settings due to its high fatality rate and diverse clinical manifestations. While the clinical symptoms of aluminum phosphide toxicity are well-documented, certain autopsy findings, particularly a rare greenish discoloration of organs, remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted over an eight-month period to analyze the occurrence of unusual green discoloration of tissues during autopsies in aluminum phosphide poisoning cases. This study aimed to document the frequency, distribution, and potential mechanisms behind this rare phenomenon, providing insights into its clinical and forensic implications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 suspected poisoning cases were examined, of which 47 were confirmed as aluminum phosphide poisonings. Among these, three cases demonstrated gradual greenish discoloration of organs such as the heart, stomach, brain, and kidneys. Despite the presence of this unique discoloration, histopathological examination revealed no microscopic pigmentation or histological anomalies. The discoloration varied in terms of the organs involved, intensity, and the speed of onset, presenting distinct patterns across the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The etiology of this discoloration remains unknown, suggesting that biochemical or metabolic processes might play a role. This rare phenomenon underscores the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and highlights the importance of documenting such observations in forensic reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 4","pages":"348-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal falls from standing height - analysis of skull fracture patterns in autopsy materials from the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Kraków.","authors":"Marcin Zuwała, Natalia Rogowicz Garay, Zuzanna Buś, Katarzyna Klimaszewska, Tomasz Szabliński, Julia Radzikowska, Tomasz Konopka","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.001.21536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.001.21536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>Falls from standing height are understood as incidents where a person in an upright or nearly upright position collapses, striking a hard surface. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that skull fractures resulting from such events typically manifest as a single crack, while the presence of other types of fractures may indicate a different injury mechanism than a simple fall.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Autopsy reports from a 10-year period (2000-2009) from the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Kraków were analyzed. The study included 272 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected regarding the injury mechanism, place of death, and sustained injuries, with a particular focus on the presence and pattern of skull fractures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 272 cases of fatal falls from standing height, 181 (66.54%) exhibited skull fractures in the autopsy examination. Within the analyzed group, 91.71% were male, and an interesting age disparity emerged between genders: an average age of 53.1 years for men and 70.6 years for women. Simple fractures (single, non-branching) were the most common category, accounting for 64.85% of cases. Additionally, branching fractures were observed in 15.38%, multiple fractures in 15.93%, and comminuted fractures in 3.84%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In two-thirds of analyzed cases of fatal intracranial injuries resulting from falls from standing height, skull fractures were present. Skull fractures caused by such incidents are most commonly single and linear, though complex fractures are occasionally observed. The most frequent locations of fractures resulting from falls from standing height include the posterior cranial fossa and the cranial vault.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic medical findings in the postaccident investigation of an aviation disaster in the village of Topolów (Silesian Voivodeship) - a case study.","authors":"Magdalena Nowakowska, Marcin Tomsia, Michał Szczepański, Stanisława Kabiesz-Neniczka, Krystian Rygol, Rafał Skowronek","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.006.21541","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.006.21541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study presents the results of forensic medical findings in the post-accident investigation of an aviation disaster that took place in the village of Topolów. Due to an emergency landing, the aircraft crashed and subsequently caught fire. As a result of the incident, 11 people died, and one was seriously injured. During autopsy examinations, all victims were found to have multi-organ injuries, and in six of them, histopathological studies confirmed the presence of inhaled fire smoke in the respiratory tract, indicating they were alive when the fire spread. Due to the severe damage to the bodies, genetic identification was necessary to establish their identities. Thanks to the established cooperation between the Prosecutor's Office and the Police, as well as the efficient work of various laboratories of Department and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Medical Toxicology at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice - through autopsy examinations and genetic analyses - all victims were identified within two weeks, allowing their families to proceed with burial. This case demonstrates that experience in handling disasters and good collaboration between forensic institutions enable the swift and comprehensive formulation of expert opinions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 1","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female violence against men.","authors":"Anna Więcek-Durańska","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.024.21223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.024.21223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phenomenon of violence against men is a significantly less researched topic compared to violence against women. The issue of female violence against men is often overlooked, marginalized, and sometimes even considered less harmful or important. Established social patterns frequently depict women as weaker and defenseless individuals, and men as attackers and aggressors. In reality, there are situations where women become the initiators and perpetrators of acts of violence, and their victims are men. The phenomenon of violence against men is also a shameful topic, which results in a strong reluctance of men to report acts of violence by women to the appropriate authorities. This, in turn, lowers the statistics and fails to show the true scale of the occurrence of the problem of violence against men. The article presents the results of gender-based violence studies involving men. It turns out that the scale of violence against men is significant, with one in three men (34%) experiencing psychological violence from their current partner, 1% experiencing physical violence, and 0.5% experiencing sexual violence. Nearly 8% of the surveyed men indicated physical violence in a relationship from former partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 4","pages":"308-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood: the effect of the preservative agent.","authors":"Kaja Tusiewicz, Paweł Szpot, Olga Wachełko, Marcin Zawadzki","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.022.21221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.022.21221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride anions are believed to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, thus there is a possibility that the activity may be affected by blood sampling into vials containing sodium fluoride as an anticoagulant. The paper aims to draw attention to the effect of the anticoagulant used in blood collection tubes on acetylcholinesterase activity. A stability study was conducted for 176 days on blood samples collected into tubes containing sodium fluoride or sodium EDTA. An improved Ellman procedure, utilizing spectrophotometric determination at 436 nm, was employed in order to determine acetylcholinesterase activity. An immediate decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in blood samples containing sodium fluoride. A significant decrease was evident immediately after blood collection and on the first day, after which the activity stabilized at 84% of the initial value. Subsequently, the activity increased to a level comparable to the initial value. In samples collected with EDTA, acetylcholinesterase activity was comparable to that in the sample without anticoagulant, and the activity remained constant for about 2 months. In conclusion, it is recommended that acetylcholinesterase activity be tested immediately after blood collection to reduce enzyme inhibition by fluoride anions, or that tubes with another anticoagulant, such as EDTA, be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 4","pages":"289-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and suicides in Warsaw.","authors":"Daniel D Jońca, Cezary Orzechowski, Aleksandra Borowska-Solonynko, Karolina Hanusz, Paulina Konopka, Natalia Wolanowska, Aleksandra Zaremba","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.002.21537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/16891716AMSIK.25.002.21537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the number of suicides, the methods of their occurrence, the age and gender structure of individuals committing suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the period before the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The data for the study came from a manually created ledger in which deceased individuals sent to the Department and Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Warsaw (WUM) were registered. The first stage of the work required manually transcribing the ledger into an Excel program. The preliminary analysis covered all registered deceased individuals in 2019 (the year before the pandemic) and 2020 (the year of the outbreak) - n=2939. A detailed analysis was conducted on cases of suicide deaths. Statistical significance was examined using the Chi-Square test and the Proportion Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall number of suicides in 2020 was slightly higher (n=208) compared to 2019 (n=197), with the most significant increase observed among children and adolescents (age group 0-19 years) - 2019: n=6, 2020: n=14. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). A statistically significant increase in suicide deaths caused by intentional poisoning was observed (2019: n=5, 2020: n=17). During the pandemic, there was a slight increase in the number of suicides among men (2019: n=152, 2020: n=162), while the number of suicides among women remained practically stable (2019: n=45, 2020: n=46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the first year of the pandemic in Warsaw and the surrounding areas, no significant increase in the number of suicides was observed. However, there was a noticeable rise in the number of individuals in the youngest age group. The change in suicide numbers did not affect women. A significant shift was related to the chosen method of suicide-there was an increase in the number of intentional fatal poisonings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"75 1","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The so-called Mongolian spots and suspected child abuse - difficulties in differential diagnosis.","authors":"Szymon Rzepczyk, Paweł Świderski, Damian Rusek, Jakub Czerwik, Ryszard Żaba, Czesław Żaba","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.017.20815","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.017.20815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of physical violence against children is an important issue in forensic medicine, particularly in the case of infants and toddlers, who, due to their stage of development, are unable to communicate the violence inflicted upon them. This case describes a two-week-old girl of Roma origin, who was transferred from a temporary to a foster family. While changing the child, the foster parents noticed bruises in the sacral area. Based on the initial assessment of these changes at the hospital, the authorities were notified and an investigation was initiated. The first court expert assessing the changes indicated that the image resembled resorbing haemorrhages resulting from trauma. Another team of experts, consisting of specialists in forensic medicine, dermatology and pathology, was appointed. Based on the analysis of medical records and a physical examination using a dermatoscope, pale-blue spots characteristic of the Mongolian spot were found in the lumbar and buttock areas. Mongolian spots are congenital developmental abnormalities classified as melanocytic naevi. In most cases, the changes appear immediately after birth or shortly thereafter. Clinically, a lesion appears as single or multiple spots on the lower back, sacrum, or buttocks. These lesions can range in colour from dark grey to blue-green and take on various shapes, such as round, oval, or irregular. Lesions on the skin of children can morphologically resemble bruises, so their evaluation requires special attention. In case of doubt as to the nature of the lesion, additional examination should be performed. Furthermore, the analysis of medical records and the evaluation by a dermatologist can be helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"221-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences - selected issues.","authors":"Michał Szeremeta, Julia Janica, Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.005.19650","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.005.19650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the work is to provide an overview of the potential application of artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences, and to identify concerns related to providing medico-legal opinions and legal liability in cases in which possible harm in terms of diagnosis and/or treatment is likely to occur when using an advanced system of computer-based information processing and analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The material for the study comprised scientific literature related to the issue of artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and related sciences. For this purpose, Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched. To identify useful articles, such terms as \"artificial intelligence,\" \"deep learning,\" \"machine learning,\" \"forensic medicine,\" \"legal medicine,\" \"forensic pathology\" and \"medicine\" were used. In some cases, articles were identified based on the semantic proximity of the introduced terms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dynamic development of the computing power and the ability of artificial intelligence to analyze vast data volumes made it possible to transfer artificial intelligence methods to forensic medicine and related sciences. Artificial intelligence has numerous applications in forensic medicine and related sciences and can be helpful in thanatology, forensic traumatology, post-mortem identification examinations, as well as post-mortem microscopic and toxicological diagnostics. Analyzing the legal and medico-legal aspects, artificial intelligence in medicine should be treated as an auxiliary tool, whereas the final diagnostic and therapeutic decisions and the extent to which they are implemented should be the responsibility of humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of cases concerning assessment of the correctness of orthodontic treatment in the material of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz.","authors":"Paweł Machała, Anna Smędra, Jarosław Berent, Katarzyna Wochna","doi":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.018.20816","DOIUrl":"10.4467/16891716AMSIK.24.018.20816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In assessing the correctness of dentist's proceedings, the expert opinion plays a crucial role and forms the basis for the decision-making process of the procedural authority. Experts, using their knowledge and experience, while also relying on medical standards and recognized international indicators of orthodontic treatment effectiveness, evaluate the medical proceedings. The aim of the study was to analyse the opinions concerning orthodontic treatment in the material of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz. During the examined period from 2016 to 2023, 14 such opinions were issued. These opinions were analysed in terms of case characteristics and primarily examined whether there is a correlation between the orthodontic specialization of the dentist conducting the treatment and the expert's assessment of their proceedings. Our analysis indicates that the qualifications of the dentist, understood as holding a specialization, affect the objective quality of orthodontic treatment. In cases where an opinion indicated incorrect proceedings, the error was most often made at the stage of orthodontic diagnosis, leading to the implementation of incorrect treatment. Therefore, dentists without a specialization - although no regulation prohibits them from providing orthodontic treatment - should realistically assess their capabilities before undertaking such treatment. This is particularly important because if they do undertake such treatment, their actions will be judged in the same way as those of specialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":520255,"journal":{"name":"Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii","volume":"74 3","pages":"228-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}