Pediatric discovery最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic Disparities in Pediatric Dermatological Conditions: Insights From the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Project.","authors":"Elyse Mackenzie, Nicole Dib, Sydney Wolfe, Rose Rasty, Bianca Sanabria, Shilpa Pai","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm Birth International Collaborative Australasia Branch: Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Lactose Intolerance (2025).","authors":"Zhengli Wang, Shuping Han, Xinzhu Lin, Hui Wu, Lingfen Xu, Jun Tang, Wei Hao, Chao Yu, Xiaomei Tong, Juan Zhang, Rong Ju, Xiaoli Xie, Long Chen, Fang Li, Xingwang Zhu, Liping Xu, Lanlan Geng, Wei Zhou, Xueyun Ren, Chuanfeng Li, Guoping Chen, Wenyan Tang, Jiang Duan, Zhi Zhao, Tao Pan, Zhongliang Li, Yingli Wu, Siqi Zhuang, Ying Ouyang, Falin Xu, Zheng Chen, Yiyang Liu, Zhoujie Peng, Lei Bao, Yu He, Lin Kong, Xianlan Zheng, Lijuan Xu, Qiao Shen, Qian Zhang, Junli Li, Junjun Wang, Yuan Shi","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This consensus aims to standardize the diagnosis and management of neonatal lactose intolerance (LI). A multidisciplinary working group was established under the auspices of the Preterm Birth International Collaborative (Australasia Branch). The development process included a comprehensive literature review of databases, which identified 61 publications. Recommendations were formulated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system for evidence evaluation. A modified Delphi method was used to achieve consensus. The consensus establishes that neonatal LI presents with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, requiring stool assessment for diagnosis. Screening tests include fecal reducing sugar or urinary galactose tests, and the diagnosis is confirmed through elimination testing while excluding mimics. Treatment prioritizes lactase-supplemented breastfeeding; formula-fed infants receive lactase or reduced-lactose formulas. Probiotics with β-galactosidase activity can be used as an adjuvant therapy, and evidence-based lactase preparations are recommended, particularly for preterm infants. Treatment duration should be individualized, with a general minimum of 2 weeks; however, the routine use of lactose-free formula to prevent LI in preterm infants is not recommended. This consensus provides practical evidence-based guidance to standardize the diagnosis and management of neonatal LI, aiming to reduce variation in practice and improve patient outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining breastfeeding while incorporating lactase supplementation and highlights the need for further high-quality research, particularly randomized controlled trials, to refine diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for preterm and very preterm infants. The recommendations are intended to support clinicians in making informed decisions while promoting family-centered care.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (PREPARE-2024CN606).</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracavernous and Intravenous Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Children: A Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Yazi You, Juan Wang, Yuxin Tang, Zuying Li, Ruiqi Wang, Yi Tang","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Peak-to-Valley Characteristics of Intellectual Structure in Low-Functioning Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Danyang Zhang, Qiuhong Wei, Binyue Hu, Dan Ai, Yu Zhang, Xueli Xiang, Ting Yang, Qian Zhang, Qian Chen, Min Guo, Jie Chen, Tingyu Li, Hua Wei","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is marked by a distinctive cognitive profile reflecting neurodiversity, yet whether this profile extends consistently across the functional spectrum remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the intellectual structure of children with low-functioning ASD (LF-ASD) and high-functioning ASD (HF-ASD), comparing their cognitive peak-valley profiles using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC). Among 314 children aged 6-13 years-including 104 with LF-ASD, 122 with HF-ASD, and control groups with typical development (TD) or intellectual disabilities (ID)-both ASD subgroups displayed significantly greater discrepancies between verbal and performance IQ than controls, with pronounced strengths in visuospatial tasks and weaknesses in arithmetic reasoning. Notably, the Block Design and Object Assembly subtests emerged as cognitive peaks across both ASD groups, whereas the Arithmetic subtest constituted the most frequent trough. Although the mean peak-valley discrepancy was slightly reduced in LF-ASD compared to HF-ASD, both exceeded the 2 standard deviation (SD) threshold for neurodiversity, distinguishing them from the TD and ID groups. These profiles were positively associated with adaptive functioning and inversely related to ASD symptom severity. Our findings suggest that children with LF-ASD exhibit intellectual asymmetries comparable to those of HF-ASD, supporting the universality of neurodiversity within the autism spectrum and offering valuable insights for tailoring cognitive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Vitamin Supplementation May Cause More Harm Than Good-An Avoidable Case of Intracranial Hypertension.","authors":"Kellie Kum Foong Yip, Sameerah Muhammad Samir, Sudipta Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory Lung Diseases: From Cellular Structures, Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Yiheng Qiu, Xiangyu Dong, Yi Zhu, Nicole Miranda, Awele Chukwura, Yan Peng, Sarina Zhao, Michelle Xiang, Peyton McGuire, Ava Zou, Lucas Zhang, Jiaming Fan, Linghuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Refractory lung diseases (RLDs) encompass a spectrum of progressive pulmonary disorders, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These conditions are defined by poor responsiveness to current therapeutic interventions and pose substantial clinical challenges, primarily due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying RLDs and explores promising therapeutic strategies. A core feature of RLD pathogenesis is the disruption of alveolar microenvironmental homeostasis, which triggers a bidirectional vicious cycle between structural damage and disease progression. This homeostatic collapse is driven by interconnected pathological networks-including oxidative stress coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory immune dysregulation, and mechanical stress-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling-all of which are elaborated in this review. Collectively, these pathological processes contribute to therapeutic resistance. Based on these mechanistic insights, potential therapeutic approaches are discussed, such as antioxidant therapies (e.g., the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mitoquinone mesylate [MitoQ]) and antifibrotic agents (e.g., pirfenidone, nintedanib, as well as emerging strategies targeting Wnt pathway modulation). Additionally, the critical significance of early diagnosis and personalized precision medicine is emphasized. Future research should focus on a deeper characterization of the dynamic alterations within the alveolar microenvironment under pathological conditions, with the aim of developing more precise diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, the therapeutic goal for RLDs should shift from mere symptom management to achieving pathological reversal.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in Metabolites Associated With Umbilical Cord Blood in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"Fang Xiang, Xiao Yuan, Yi Yang, Philip N Baker, Mark D Kilby, Chao Tong, Xi Yuan","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The specific mechanisms and screening methods for congenital heart disease (CHD) remain elusive. Evidence indicates that aberrant maternal metabolomic profiles are associated with CHD, but it is uncertain whether such an association exists in umbilical cord blood. This study aimed to measure the metabolome shifts in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for CHD and, if present, identify the altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. Umbilical cord blood from three pairs of MZ twins discordant for CHD, identified through the prospective, population-based longitudinal twin study (LoTiS), was subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) based metabolomic analysis. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and random forest (RF) analysis were used to determine differences in metabolic profiles and individual metabolites. In univariate analysis, two specific metabolites were identified in the umbilical cord blood of CHD cases compared to their MZ twins without complications. After the paired-sample <i>t</i>-test, four differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified, three of which were closely related to fatty acids and their metabolism. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed dysregulation of various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways, in MZ twins with CHD compared to their healthy counterparts. The results demonstrated that the metabolomic signature of umbilical cord blood in CHD differs from that of their healthy MZ co-twins, and the revelation of associated metabolites and pathways provide preliminary clues for generating hypotheses about the metabolic correlates of CHD predisposition. Findings are limited by small sample size and require validation in larger, independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 2","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Pediatric Stroke, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study.","authors":"Zhao Yang, Hanxiao Duan, Hao Chen, Hui Hu, Nandi Wang, Tiantian Luo, Jun Tang","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric stroke, although relatively rare, poses considerable health risks with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical impact, comprehensive global assessments of its long-term trends and disparities remain limited. Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we evaluated the burden of pediatric stroke-including both hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and ischemic stroke (IS)-across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Our original analyses included the calculation of the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rates, stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). In 2021, there were approximately 2.7 million prevalent pediatric stroke cases worldwide, with HS contributing 41.4% and IS 58.6%. Globally, stroke-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) declined from about 5.9 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2021. However, the incidence among adolescents aged 10-19 years increased during this period. Marked geographic disparities were observed, with low-SDI regions experiencing disproportionately higher burdens, particularly from HS. India recorded the highest number of DALYs and incident cases in 2021. These findings provide a comprehensive global analysis focused specifically on pediatric stroke, underscoring that although the overall burden has declined, persistent and widening disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies, improved early recognition and strengthened healthcare systems in resource-limited regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"4 1","pages":"e70031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Method to Immortalize Schwann Cells.","authors":"YanTing Zhang, Jian Zheng, Yingling Yao, Ling He, Shaoyan Liang, Guoxin Nan","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of cells aids in comprehending the pathophysiology of diseases. However, obtaining a large number of primary cells in a short period is challenging, and they senesce and die after repeated passages. Therefore, establishing immortalized cell lines is necessary for conducting cellular experiments. Researchers commonly use antibiotics to screen immortalized cell models upon construction. However, due to the low transfection rate of the immortalized genes, a significant number of nonimmortalized cells are killed. The connections between the cells act as a web that floats when many cells die. As a result, successfully transfected immortalized cells are lifted and carried away, leading to only a small number of immortalized cells surviving. The surviving cells survive in the absence of other cell-secreted factors. However, their proliferative ability is limited, which makes obtaining immortalized cell lines a time-consuming process. This study aimed to shorten the time required to obtain immortalized cell lines by constructing immortalized Schwann cells and improving the traditional screening method. The immortalized gene transfectants were first cultured, passaged, and then screened. A comparison with the traditional screening method demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of the improved method.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 4","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: A 2025 Synthesis of Evidence-Based Paradigms and Emerging Clinical Strategies.","authors":"Aditya Hemendra Bhatt, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar, Dipen Vasudev Patel, Reshma Kushal Pujara","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 4","pages":"e70032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12753016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}