Pediatric discovery最新文献

{"title":"Lung Function Improvement in Bronchial Asthma: A Study of Sublingual Immunotherapy.","authors":"Yinming Song, Daiyin Tian, Sha Liu, Fangjun Liu, Jingyue Liu, Ying Li, Li Yan","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a retrospective study. In order to investigate the effect of specific immunotherapy on the improvement of lung function and symptoms in children with bronchial asthma, 256 children with bronchial asthma were selected and divided into an experimental group and a control group according to whether they chose to use sublingual specific immunotherapy or not. The control group was given basic drug therapy, and the experimental group was given specific immunotherapy on the basis of basic drug therapy. Differences between the two groups were compared in terms of lung function, efficacy, and asthma medication dose. The results showed that peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximum expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (MEF₂₅), maximal mid-expiratory flow curve (MMEF), maximum expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (MEF₇₅), maximum expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF₅₀), and airway hyperresponsiveness improved in both groups after 1 year of treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and the result of experimental group was better than that of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). This study shows that sublingual specific immunotherapy combined with inhaled corticosteroid therapy has positive therapeutic effects on asthma patients, which can reduce the dose of medication used in asthma patients and improve symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Children Requiring Intensive Care Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Experience.","authors":"Natalia Builes, Byron E Piñeres-Olave, Laura Niño-Serna","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is associated with some complications requiring advanced support in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, the outcome of children requiring admission to a PICU following HSCT in middle-income countries (MICs) are limited. One hundred and four children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a bone marrow transplant service in Colombia from January 2012 to June 2019 were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and clinical courses were described. In addition, we compared some characteristics of patients who survived or died in the PICU through a bivariate analysis. Twenty five PICU admissions were reported. Sixty-four percent survived to be discharged from any PICU admission. Immunodeficiency was the most common underlying disease among patients admitted to the PICU (33%). Respiratory problems (12/25, 48%), and cardiovascular instability (10/25, 40%) were the most common reasons for admission. Cardiovascular support was the most common PICU treatment (21/25, 84%), followed by respiratory support (18/25, 72%). We found that children who require admission to PICU after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) present a high mortality rate. Invasive respiratory support, higher vasoactive-inotropic score, renal replacement therapy, and the presence of multi-organ failure were associated with mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Profiling of Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas Reveals OPC-Like Subpopulations Driving Tumorigenic Lineage Transitions.","authors":"Tian Tian, Chong Huang, Lusheng Li","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) were first defined as a distinct entity in the 2021 fifth edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. These tumors, designated primarily as Grade 4, include the following subtypes: (1) diffuse midline glioma with H3-K27 alterations (DMG, H3-K27M), (2) diffuse hemispheric glioma with H3-G34 mutations (DHG, H3G34M), and (3) diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma with wild-type H3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase (pHGG, H3-WT/IDH WT). Clinically, pHGGs are known for their poor outcomes and marked tumor heterogeneity. Despite this, the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the processes governing tumor cell lineage transitions remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze pHGG tumor cells (excluding infant-type hemispheric gliomas). Through comprehensive bioinformatic approaches-including cell proportion analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, metabolic activity inference via scMetabolism, proliferation gene scoring, stemness assessment by CytoTRACE2, SCENT, and pseudotime trajectory analysis with Monocle2-we thoroughly investigated the TME features and heterogeneity of these aggressive brain tumors. Our findings highlight the presence of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC)-like subpopulations, with epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>)-expressing OPC-like cells emerging as a potential tumorigenic origin in diffuse midline gliomas due to their distinct stemness properties. Notably, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (<i>PDGFRA</i>)-positive cells exhibit high specificity in DMG, suggesting greater diagnostic and therapeutic potential than <i>EGFR</i>. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses confirmed their distinct expression pattern, supporting PDGFRA as a key molecular marker. Moreover, OPC-like cells at different differentiation states may drive lineage transitions in DMG. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of pHGG-especially DMG-and point to new avenues for targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of the Wrapping Bag <i>TECOtherm Wrabbit</i> on Temperature Stability During Therapeutic Hypothermia Treatment of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.","authors":"Rashid Katamesh, Katharina Witt, Sebastian Ebert","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) therapy for neonates, the patient temperature must be kept at 33.5°C as stable as possible throughout the therapy time. Therefore, hypothermia devices with a fluid-circulated temperature-regulating mat have become established. However, therapeutic interventions often require medical personnel to open the mat to reach the patient. This can lead to a loss of thermal regulation due to heat exchange between the patient and environment which can result in a slower or stopped therapy. To mitigate this issue, the wrapping bag <i>TECOtherm Wrabbit</i> was proposed to shield the patient from external temperature fluctuations and maintain therapeutic efficacy. We conducted a laboratory experiment using a test model to evaluate the effectiveness of the wrapping bag under two conditions: with and without <i>TECOtherm Wrabbit</i>, both under dry and moistened states at room temperatures of 21°C and 27°C. The objective was to assess the retention of patient temperature during possible interventions. Results indicated a significant decrease in temperature when the wrapping bag was not used. Conversely, the use of the wrapping bag demonstrated a slight but controlled temperature change. These findings suggest that the wrapping bag can effectively aid in maintaining patient temperature during necessary clinical interventions. Further clinical research is warranted to validate the application of wrapping bag in maintaining neonatal temperature stability during hypothermic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute-Aggressive-Onset Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy as the Initial Presentation in a Pediatric Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A 5-Year Follow-Up Case Report.","authors":"Zhiwei Yu, Yuan Xue, Hanyu Luo, Yuhang Li, Siqi Hong, Jiannan Ma, Li Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Pediatric Sleep: Shaping Healthy Evidence-Based 24/7 Lifestyles for Generation Alpha.","authors":"Karen Spruyt","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Forays Into Using Spinal Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Analysis From a Single Center in Karnataka.","authors":"Ranganatha A Devaranavadagi, Gayatri Sasikumar, Pavitra Gangadharan Chandrasekaran, Netra S Kannur, H A Venkatesh, Suma Sriramanan, C N Radhakrishnan, Jayashree S Simha, Karthik Nagesh","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonates, particularly those born preterm, have a higher incidence of inguinal hernia and are at increased risk of cardiopulmonary complications associated with general anesthesia. To mitigate these risks, spinal anesthesia has been adopted in our institution for over two decades as the preferred technique for inguinal hernia repair in neonates. This retrospective study presents a 6-year experience with neonatal spinal anesthesia and includes both term and preterm infants undergoing inguinal surgery. We specifically analyzed cases in which spinal anesthesia was used in neonates with a postconceptional age below 50 weeks. Nineteen patients underwent inguinal surgery under spinal anesthesia in this timeframe. The gestational age at birth ranged from 27 to 38 weeks. The postmenstrual age at the time of surgery ranged from 35 to 46 weeks. The birth weight ranged from 740 to 3300 g, whereas the weight at surgery ranged from 1550 to 4900 g. A 26G hypodermic needle was used to give the spinal block, and 0.2 mL/kg of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine was injected. No cases required respiratory support and/or inotropic support during the procedure and postoperatively. None had apnea during/after surgery, including the four cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. None required general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair is a safe and efficient method that obviates the necessity for NICU admission or any escalation in respiratory care, including in the cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiostrepton Suppresses the Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Yu Wang, Peng Hong, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Ma, Zaihong Hu, Jie Lin, Kongkong Cui, Qinlin Shi, Xiao-Mao Tian, Guanghui Wei","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma with 5-year survival below 30% in high-risk/metastatic cases, was investigated through integrated bioinformatics analysis (identifying 269 conserved differentially expressed genes in GEO datasets GSE28511/GSE141690) and experimentally validated thiostrepton (TST), a ribosomal-targeting antibiotic, as a potent therapeutic candidate via Connectivity Map analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05, score ≈ -1). In-vitro studies demonstrated TST's dose-/time-dependent suppression of RMS proliferation (IC50 4.986-9.764 μmol/L), migration and invasion, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction. In vivo, TST (3.4 mg/mL, 4 weeks) significantly inhibited tumor growth (<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) without organ toxicity. RNA sequencing identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway as the primary suppressed pathway (False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.05), with concurrent downregulation of downstream regulators (<i>AKT, JAK, CDKs</i>). This was confirmed by PI3K activator 740 Y-P rescue experiments, which partially reversed the effects of TST (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings establish TST as a multi-mechanism PI3K-AKT inhibitor for refractory RMS while validating Connectivity Map (Cmap)-driven drug repurposing for pediatric oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 3","pages":"e70014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Cognitive Impairment Induced by Status Epilepticus in Rats: Modulation of Neuroinflammation Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Wandi Wang, Lingman Wang, Chunxue Jiang, Shengxuan Zhang, Chen Tan, Liqiong Peng, Ran Ding, Bing Tian, Xiaojie Song, Li Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by abnormal synchronized neuronal discharges, leading to cognitive dysfunction. The ketogenic diet (KD) has shown promise as an effective treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), reducing seizures and improving cognitive and behavioral outcomes in patients. However, the precise neuroprotective mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of KD on cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurocircuit damage in rats with status epilepticus (SE), with a focus on a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. SE was induced using pilocarpine, and rats were assigned to KD and control groups. After 7 and 20 days of KD treatment, cognitive function was assessed using the elevated plus-maze, Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze tests. Hippocampal tissue was analyzed for structural damage of neurocircuit. NF-κB pathway activation was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results indicated that KD significantly improved cognitive performance and reduced hippocampal damage. Additionally, KD inhibited NF-κB pathway activation, evidenced by decreased levels of NF-κB, p-IκB, and proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that KD may alleviate cognitive deficits and hippocampal damage by modulating the NF-κB signaling, providing insights into its neuroprotective mechanisms and potential as an alternative treatment for epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 2","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Genitourinary Pain and Swelling in a Child-Look Out for the Rashes!","authors":"Frankel Lin, Jasmine Huang, Sudipta Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/pdi3.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pdi3.70012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520221,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric discovery","volume":"3 2","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12258110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}