The National medical journal of India最新文献

{"title":"Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) for formative assessment of medical undergraduates in Biochemistry.","authors":"Shilpa Suneja, Charanjeet Kaur","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_517_2022","DOIUrl":"10.25259/NMJI_517_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Assessment is a process that includes ascertainment of improvement in students' performance over time, motivation of students to study, evaluation of teaching methods and ranking of students. Despite the new competency-based medical education, assessment remains a largely untouched aspect. Most medical colleges still follow the conventional practical examination (CPE) methods that raise concerns about examiner variability, standardisation, and assessment uniformity. Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) includes objective testing through direct observation, knowledge assessment, comprehension, and skills. We studied the feasibility and acceptability of OSPE as a method of formative assessment of practical skills in biochemistry and to determine faculty and student perception of OSPE as an assessment tool. Methods Phase 1 MBBS students of the 2020-21 batch of Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, were divided into two groups of 85 students each. The first group was assessed for Competency-1 through CPE and the second group was assessed for the same competency through OSPE. These students were then crossed over. The first group was now assessed for Competency-2 through OSPE and the second through CPE for the same competency. The process was repeated for the third and fourth competencies. Thus, two crossovers were performed with four OSPEs and their corresponding CPEs. The mean scores of the students were compared using both assessment methods, using an unpaired student 't' test. Bland-Altman analysis was done to compare differences between OSPE and CPE. Student and faculty feedback was collected on a 5-point Likert scale for close-ended questions, and a thematic analysis of open-ended questions was done. Results When assessed with OSPE, students' mean scores were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) than CPE. Cronbach alpha of the questions administered had high internal consistency with a score of 0.83 for students and 0.89 for the faculty. Conclusion OSPE can be used for formative assessments in undergraduate medical students in biochemistry as it is feasible and acceptable to both students and faculty and brings a level of objectivity and structure to the assessment process.</p>","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing malaria by administering a monoclonal antibody.","authors":"Pragyan Acharya","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_679_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/NMJI_679_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albert Einstein and Jacob Chandy.","authors":"K Rajasekharan Nair","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_261_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_261_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"281-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of online active learning strategies in first year medical students.","authors":"Padmaja Dara, Ramadevi Mopuri, Sujatharani A","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_618_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_618_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Didactic lectures form a large part of the teaching-learning process in medical education. To impart competency-based medical education (CBME) in the Covid-19 pandemic there was a shift to online learning. This pedagogical change would likely impact the efficacy of student learning outcomes. Several studies have shown that learning outcomes and knowledge retention increase considerably when lectures are interactive. However, the efficacy of online teaching with active learning strategies has not been studied. Methods At the Department of Biochemistry, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, we did this study with 203 first year MBBS students. Five sessions were conducted on the topic of 'Enzymology' with appropriate active learning methods. Each lecture session was preceded and followed by a test, which included multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and brief note questions (BNQs). Feedback of students, was recorded on the 5-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Results The majority of students felt that answering questions in the pre-test required substantial effort compared to the post-test. The case scenarios included in the pre-test had a positive impact on the curiosity of students. The activities as part of self-directed learning were interesting, and enhanced understanding and retention. They felt lectures without pre-and post-tests were less efficacious and thus should be continued in all the classes. Conclusion Online lectures without pre-and post-test model were less efficacious. Online teaching, coupled with active learning increased interest and the understanding capacity of students.</p>","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe early childhood caries among young children and its association with behavioural factors: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Beenu Singh, Kalpana Bansal, Pavithra Devi K, Vijay Prakash Mathur, Nitesh Tewari, Renu Sharma","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_374_2022","DOIUrl":"10.25259/NMJI_374_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Several risk factors have been associated with early childhood caries (ECC). However, conclusive data are not available about the socio-demographic and behavioural factors which are associated with severe ECC (S-ECC). We assessed the severity and pattern of ECC in young children. We also looked for association of S-ECC with various sociobehavioural risk factors in a hospital-based setting. Methods We included 200 children, 1-6 years old, who reported with dental caries to a paediatric dental outpatient in a tertiary care hospital. Information about socio-demographics and various behavioural factors was recorded in a structured proforma using an interview method. The American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (AAPD) criteria were used for categorizing children into ECC and severe ECC groups (S-ECC). Qualitative variables were analysed by chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to find the predictors of severe S-ECC. All statistical tests were done at a significance level of p<0.05. Results The majority of children (85%) had S-ECC and anterior-posterior (AP) caries pattern (77%). A significant association was found between the age of the child (p<0.001), absence of siblings (p=0.009), continuation of bottle feed or mother's milk till the age of reporting to the hospital (p=0.007), frequency of night-time feed (p=0.048) and S-ECC. Conclusions A continued habit of milk feed from bottle/mother till the time of dental visit seeking treatment and night time-feeds more than twice had a significant association with S-ECC.</p>","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of overweight/obesity and FTO gene polymorphism on liver function-related parameters in Chinese adolescents.","authors":"Meiwei Ning, Aohong Xu, Rong Zeng, Jinruo Xue, Boda Wang, Xiang Liu","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_264_2022","DOIUrl":"10.25259/NMJI_264_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Overweight/obesity is an important risk factor for liver disease, affecting changes in liver function-related parameters. The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene has been reported to have a link between overweight/obesity and liver fat metabolism. We studied the association of FTO rs9939609 variants with liver function-related parameters and overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents aged 16 to 26 as freshmen. Methods We examined rs9939609 polymorphisms in 198 control and 173 overweight/obese people, and the genotypes of the samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. We investigated the effects of FTO gene polymorphism on overweight/obesity and liver function-related parameters. Results The values of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in overweight/obesity group were significantly higher than those in control group. The rs9939609 AA genotype increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 3.45 times independent of body mass index (BMI) compared with TT genotype, the rs9939609 (AA) genotype was significantly associated with AST and ALT. Conclusion FTO rs9939609 variants were associated with overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity has a significant influence on the increased liver function-related parameters. The rs9939609 (AA) positively correlated with AST and ALT levels. Overweight/obese patients should pay more attention to liver function-related parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"248-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumour-induced osteomalacia.","authors":"Athira Ramakrishanan, Aashish Parekh, Shankarmurthy Gayana, Shanthi Velusamy, Abhilasha Sadhoo","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_639_21","DOIUrl":"10.25259/NMJI_639_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by increased production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). A 45-year-old man presented to us with progressive weakness over 2 years along with recurrent fractures with minimal trauma. His FGF-23 was found to be above the normal range and DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed a well-defined enhancing soft tissue density involving the left posterior ethmoid with extension to the spheno-ethmoidal recess and sphenoid sinus ostium. He underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and excision of the tumour. Histopathological examination showed features of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour-mixed connective tissue type. Postoperatively the serum phosphorus level increased from day 1 and reached the normal value of 2.5 mg/dl on day 3. He was discharged and continued on oral calcium and vitamin D3. Gradually his myalgia improved and he started walking independently over the next 1 month. The mean delay from symptom onset to treatment in our patient was 2 years and 5 months. Timely diagnosis and meticulous follow-up are necessary for the management of patients with this rare disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UK-MED: SAVING LIVES IN HUMANITARIAN CRISES.","authors":"Harpreet S Kohli","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_1335_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_1335_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"290-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous left atrial chordal attachment to the mitral valve: A very rare cause of mitral regurgitation.","authors":"Behnam Shakerian, Mohammad Hossein Mandegar, Gilda Estahbanaty","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_768_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_768_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medical Journal of Goa: Arquivos de Escola Médico-Cirurgica de Nova Goa.","authors":"Sunil K Pandya","doi":"10.25259/NMJI_909_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_909_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519891,"journal":{"name":"The National medical journal of India","volume":"37 5","pages":"284-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}