Sudosteuropa最新文献

{"title":"Xavier Bougarel, Survivre aux empires. Islam, identité nationale et allégeances politiques en Bosnie-Herzégovine","authors":"Nicolas Moll","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67294967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greek education. Explaining two centuries of static reproduction","authors":"M. Kelpanides, Despoina Poimenidou, Zoe Malivitsi","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greece’s education system lags behind those of other European countries. Its two overarching problems, which encompass many others, are (a) the incompatibility of school knowledge and societal needs, and (b) the low performance of public schools. Because of these inadequacies, there exists a ‘shadow education system’ of private cramming courses preparing students for the required qualifications for university admission. Despite recurring criticisms from international organizations, the relative position of Greece to other countries has not improved. This paper addresses why there has been no improvement so far despite Greece’s use of available resources and expertise supplied by the EU. To explain why there has been no change, the authors trace the Greek system’s problems to historical antecedents and examine the political and social forces resisting educational change at present.","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaginary Trials","authors":"M. Oprel","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0022","url":null,"abstract":"civil society in post-confl ict societies, they evaluate the power-sharing in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia that has resulted from the Dayton (1995) and Ohrid (2001) agreements. The authors reach the grim if predictable conclusion that both political systems and civil societies are weak and that support is needed from international actors, but they recognize that at the same time that would undermine ‘the very principles of local ownership’ (210). The contributions of Stefano Bianchini, Wladimir Fischer and Ian D. Armour are off -topic, but well writt en and interesting in their own right. Bianchini discusses the resurgence of nationalism in times of crisis and can deploy particular expertise on the economic crisis of the 1980s in Yugoslavia. He claims that for EU too there looms a similar retreat to nationalism as occurred in Yugoslavia during the 1980s, at least if further austerity policies are imposed. From his work based on the analysis of a selection of Croat and Serb magazines from the 1980s, Fischer argues that ‘from the 1950s onwards, nationalist traditions were catered to in the framework of Yugoslavism, which was itself nationalist in a new, multi-nationalist way’ (71). Hence, when nationalist discourse became dominant in Yugoslavia during the 1980s, it was within a framework that already provided for national categories. Armour meanwhile presents a historical account of Austro-Hungary-Serbia relations in the second half of the 19th century, with its focus on the work of the Serbian Historian Vasilije Krestić. Armour argues that Krestić’s ‘portrayal of anyone but the Serbs as manipulators and hegemonists’ implies that Serbs are ‘blameless victims’ (107) and shows how Krestić’s work serves the diplomatic interests of Serbia in the region and that it was matched by the policies of the Croats and other forces within the Dual Monarchy, thereby Armour places Serbian victimhood in perspective. It could be argued that all thee authors have addressed the underlying problems of the wars of the 1990s and are therefore dealing with issues that are subject to post-confl ict reconciliation, but that would be a stretch. The fi nal contribution comes from Lenard J. Cohen and draws on his book written with John R. Lampe Embracing Democracy in the Western Balkans (2011). Here, the argument is that democratisation is a key ingredient in the process of reconciliation, and Cohen describes political developments in the region and their relation to the spread of the liberal democratic values adopted by the urban middle classes. He remains optimistic from his birds-eye view of politics in the Western Balkans; rather a contrast to certain of the contributors who are perhaps more sensitised to the political problems in the region. A bright ensemble of chapters of high quality, this volume does however read somewhat like a scholarly journal and so runs the risk of seeming att ractive only to scholars of post-confl ict reconciliation, whereas some of the less","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Trauma and Nostalgia. The Intellectual Ethos and Generational Dynamics of Memory in Postsocialist Romania","authors":"G. Diana","doi":"10.1515/SOEU-2016-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/SOEU-2016-0026","url":null,"abstract":"In Romania, as elsewhere in Eastern Europe, the collapse of communism triggered a testimonial drive that shifted from early concerns with victimhood, justice, and retribution to seemingly apolitical revivals of everyday life under socialism. Drawing on a range of memoirs of socialist childhood published over the last decade by an aspiring generation of Romanian writers, this article examines the role of public intellectuals in articulating hegemonic representations of the socialist past. To understand both the enduring power and limits of such representations, the author argues that published recollections should not be read only for their (competing) perspectives on the past, but also for the sociopolitical effects they have in the transitional present, where they facilitate the socialization of emerging writers into the ethos of the postsocialist intelligentsia. Exploring the tenuous relationship between dominant intellectual discourses and social memory in postsocialist Romania, this article aims to throw light on the tensions at the heart of broader processes of democratization, diversification and commodification of social memory in Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/SOEU-2016-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confessions of a ‘Mixed Marriage Child’. Diary in the Study of Yugoslavia’s Breakup","authors":"Fedja Burić","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article relies on the author’s own diary, kept between 1993 and 1994, in an effort to study how the violent breakup of Yugoslavia impacted identities of ordinary people. As it was written by a child from a mixed (Muslim-Croat) marriage, the diary, when properly analysed and contextualized, offers a way to study ethnicity as a process. In employing an unorthodox methodology in demonstrating how, as a 14-year-old, he was both marked as mixed and embraced Bosniak nationalism to the point of (risking) radicalization, the author moves the discussion of Yugoslav mixed marriages beyond the polarized and static portrayal hitherto characteristic of the debates around this topic.","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der Balkan zwischen Ost und West. Mediale Bilder und kulturpolitische Prägungen","authors":"J. Fiedler","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0038","url":null,"abstract":"mands further alignment of fiscal policies and transfer of funds from core countries (northern Europe) of the EU to the periphery (southern Europe) in order to facilitate further convergence. Furthermore, Simitis explains the inability of the mentioned Troika to come up with more permanent solutions to the Greek debt crisis under political pressure from the different European member states. The European Council refused to provide debt relief in fear of losses for private banks that could potentially destabilise their own respective economies further than the global financial crisis already had. These are commonly held insights, but the focus on ‘the Greek case’ does make the policy-making and the relation between the EU institutions and national governments more tangible. As the book progresses, Simitis eventually showcases his vision for a more balanced EU framework. Simitis was a third-way social democrat during the 1990s, however in this book he first and foremost presents himself as a European minded politician, as is evident from the scarceness of ideologically coloured statements. He understands the limits of EU policy-makers; however he has enough political insight to criticise the EU technocrats. The first memorandum, which the Troika and Greece signed on 7 May 2010, was ‘a medicine with dangerous side effects’ according to Simitis (53). It imposed austerity without lightening the burden of public debt, thereby aggravating the crisis in Greece as well as in the EU. The crisis spread to Portugal, Ireland, Spain, and Italy, only emphasising the need for a European solution. Simitis argues that ‘despite the idiosyncratic qualities of the Greek problem, it did not constitute an isolated case’ (73). Rather, it resulted from the more basic shortcomings of the EMU. The first chapter of the final part of the book concludes the analysis of the Greek crisis, the second that of the European crisis. He synthesises his argument as: ‘Greece triggered the crisis in the Eurozone, but was not the cause of it. [...] The cause is inherent in the fact that the Eurozone is a full monetary union but an imperfect economic and fiscal union [...]; the mature economies of the European North differ significantly from the less mature economies of the South’ (322). In the final chapter, Simitis shows his true colours. He denounces the constrictive technocratic vision of conservative Europeans who have dominated the European Council and Commission since the referenda in 2005, when France and the Netherlands rejected the adoption of the European constitution. With this book, Simitis joins the call for ‘escaping forwards’, which means that the crisis should be used to advance ‘economic governance’ and ‘political union’ in the EU (338). The book is a consistent analysis of the Greek debt crisis and presents a progressive European perspective. A perspective that all too often seems to be lost amid the Euroscepticism and resulting conservatism surrounding the EU these days","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma or Entertainment? Collective Memories of the NATO Bombing of Serbia","authors":"K. Rácz","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0045","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses trauma, its absence, and the creation of a collective memory among the contributors to the journal Symposion following the 1999 bombing of Serbia. By examining the group’s e-mails and conducting interviews with some of its members, it explores how their shared narrative patt erns constitute a mnemonic community, and asks what are the shared cultural frameworks that create a space for collective remembering within that community. The article argues that past and current politics of memory in Serbia have been built on discourses of a victimized nation and therefore do not recognize the specifi c ethnic, class or gender positions of individuals as they were during the bombing. Conversely, the national discourse on memorializing the bombing fails to articulate individual experiences and commemorative practices. This article therefore aims to present and analyse some of them. Krisztina Rácz is a PhD candidate at the Balkan Studies program of the University of Ljubljana and works at the Regional Science Center of the Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory in Novi Sad, Serbia. The Context of the Bombing Like quite a large number of other Serbian citizens, especially those of Hungarian ethnicity, I spent the days of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia mainly in Hungary. However, as a woman I was allowed to travel across the border, so I made a number of visits to my home in Zrenjanin during that time. Zrenjanin was not bombed, so neither I nor most of my friends had any direct experience of being bombed, for most of my friends too lived in Vojvodina in smaller towns and villages that were not targeted by air raids. Yet, I felt, their experience, even though their lives were not in immediate danger, was profoundly diff erent from mine, if for no other reason than that they were all potential targets. Yet, my curiosity about their experience was not satisfi ed. I did not really learn from my friends how it felt to expect a ‘siege from the sky’ night after night. Instead of stories of trauma and fear, I heard about parties in the shelters and in illegal pubs, alcohol and drug use, and social gatherings I was unfortunate to have missed. Surprisingly, at least on the face of it, the e-mails published in Südosteuropa 64 (2016), no. 4, pp. 520-543 MEMORIES AND NARRATIVES OF THE 1999 NATO BOMBING 521 Trauma or Entertainment? Collective Memories the journal Symposion and which I read shortly after were not much diff erent from the stories I had heard from my friends. I was curious about the traces the experience of the bombing had left in those who had witnessed it and how it had diff erentiated them from those like me who had not had the same experience. Was the bombing a traumatic event or rather a period of fun, as I have often heard it described? Were those who experienced it victims, even if their lives were not directly endangered? Could we, who were not in the country but who cared for many people who were there, understand? In 2","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67296569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrating Victim-hood","authors":"Brigita Malenica","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"test that communist-era actors have been prevalent and important in both the political and judicial fi elds. Hein explains the transition in Romania by using the concept of ‘patrimonialism’, manifested in a ‘highly personalised, authoritarian, or semi-authoritarian regime’ (324). In both Romania and Bulgaria, Hein observes how the judicial institutions at all levels were constantly subject to political interventions, and yet the new constitutional practice was nevertheless continuous, thanks to the adherence to the law by some of the relevant actors. He grants that the political organization in Bulgaria was more stable than in confl ict-ridden Romania. Progressively, in both cases, the impetus to eff ect essential changes manifested itself in the desire to join the EU. For both nations, the author off ers a careful account of the legal struggles against the political background of each country, showing how their constitutional expansions refl ected broader political contexts. Hein points out that in the constitutional developments of both countries, foreign consultants exerted a signifi cant eff ect to ensure the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary, particularly in view of EU membership conditions during the accession process. In light of certain proceedings that many today would prefer to forget, the transformation of power in Romania in 2004 and the election of Băsescu as president meant a break with the enormous politicisation of the judiciary by the Iliescu government between 2000 and 2004. Minister of Justice Stănoiu replaced almost all of the prosecutors assigned to investigating corruption and the events of December 1989; he suspended the implementation of verdicts against former army generals with regard to the order to shoot in December 1989; and he cancelled rulings related to the return of property. Judicial salaries were frozen in order to intimidate members of the apparatus, resulting in increased susceptibility to corruption. PSD Prime Minister Năstase publicly called for a pro-government law that completely shut down the legal fi ght against corruption. Hein refers to ‘a comprehensive re-politicisation of law enforcement, judicial and self-management activities of the judiciary’. He calls this phase the obscurest era of the judiciary in postcommunist Romania (358). The issue of the ‘suspicion of self-promotion of the political elite’ (445) after 1990 is discussed again and again. Hein convincingly concludes that in both countries the ‘effi ciency and consistent independence of the judiciary institutions remain precarious’ (462). The author presents a content-rich study that is analytically, argumentatively, and stylistically of the fi rst order, which would merit publication in Romanian and Bulgarian as well. Indeed, this is one of the fi rst thorough, knowledgeable, and balanced presentations of intertwined legal and political developments in postsocialist Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/soeu-2016-0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living after the Fall. Contingent Biographies in Postsocialist Space","authors":"C. Scarboro","doi":"10.1515/SOEU-2016-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/SOEU-2016-0025","url":null,"abstract":"I spent my sabbatical year at the American Research Center in Sofia during the 25th anniversary of what Bulgarians call ‘the changes’ of 1989. In the time since 2014, Bulgarians have been actively questioning the political, economic, and social systems that emerged from the wreckage of the communist experiment. In 2014, political protests were omnipresent as I walked to the central state archives on Moskovska Street, eating banitsa and drinking strong coffee. Some of my favourite moments of the year were spent talking to these protesters about the nature of the liberal democratic capitalist project—bought and sold as a new and improved form of modernity. Generally, the people I spoke with were displeased (they were protesters after all). Toward the end of my time in Bulgaria, one of these protesters accompanied my family to the ‘picnic of freedom’, held in Borisova gradina in Sofia to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the collapse of communism. As Zheliu Zhelev, the first postsocialist president of Bulgaria (for whom I have a great deal of respect), continued to hold forth about the transition and the arrival of freedom in the face of tyranny, my friend leaned over and hissed, ‘What kind of freedom is this?’ The specter of communism (the literal, afterlife specter) continues to haunt Southeastern Europe. The papers in this special section of Südosteuropa all explore the experiences of people living after the collapse of communism—the ways in which matters of identity and place can be constructed and understood in a world transformed. At their root, these questions—of how space is claimed, how life is explained, and how meaning is to be found—are historiographical. They seek to trace beginnings and identify a direction for the future. In the stories of life in Bulgaria after the changes, the absence of communism is overwhelmingly present. The authors of the essays presented here ultimately ask: how do we live after the fall? Südosteuropa 64 (2016), no. 3, pp. 277-283","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/SOEU-2016-0025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phantomgrenzen. Räume und Akteure in der Zeit neu denken","authors":"Sabine Rutar","doi":"10.1515/soeu-2016-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51954,"journal":{"name":"Sudosteuropa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67296605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}