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[The hen embryo: An alternative preclinical model in cancer]. 母鸡胚胎:癌症的另一种临床前模型。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022123
Brigitte Sola, Mélody Caillot
{"title":"[The hen embryo: An alternative preclinical model in cancer].","authors":"Brigitte Sola,&nbsp;Mélody Caillot","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For therapeutic purposes, the development of new anti-cancer drugs requires their evaluation in terms of activity, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics. The candidate drugs are tested in vitro on cell lines and primary cells isolated from patients, and in vivo, often, using xenografts in immuno-compromised mice. In recent years, administrative constraints have become increasingly stringent and the 3R rule (reduce, refine, replace) requires the elaboration of alternative models capable to replace mouse models or at least to limit their use. Among them, xenograft on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM assay) seems particularly efficient. It makes it possible to monitor and quantify tumor growth and tumor-associated parameters such as neoangiogenesis, invasion and migration. It allows the screening of drugs effective both on tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, the model seems adapted to the development of personalized medicine to which current research in cancerology is tending. In this context, this review focuses on the technique itself and its advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"795-799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Being transgender in the France of the 19th century]. [19世纪法国的变性人]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022127
Gabrielle Houbre
{"title":"[Being transgender in the France of the 19th century].","authors":"Gabrielle Houbre","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transidentity, in terms of the fluidity of gender identities, is unthought during the 19<sup>th</sup> century in France. In a society marked by sexual binarity, one can nevertheless discover in unpublished archives women who lived as men and, exceptionally, men who lived as women. These transgender existences exhibit all social backgrounds, especially the poorest people. The performative intensity can be read first of all in the physical appearance recomposed by the clothing and the haircut. But more than that, it can be appreciated through the ability to integrate the sociability of the chosen gender into daily life. It is striking, especially among the most humbles, by its fullness and duration, by its irrevocable character when it is not forced, by the audacity and freedom that nourish it. It invites us to take into consideration the projection into the other gender not only as an opportunity but as an imperious necessity.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"801-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Substitution treatments for opiate-dependent users. An experience of the Integrated Addiction Treatment Center in Dakar]. [对阿片依赖者的替代治疗。达喀尔综合成瘾治疗中心的经验]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022125
Sader Gaye, Isabelle Malissin, Macoura Gadji, Mamadou Habib Thiam, Bruno Mégarbane
{"title":"[Substitution treatments for opiate-dependent users. An experience of the Integrated Addiction Treatment Center in Dakar].","authors":"Sader Gaye,&nbsp;Isabelle Malissin,&nbsp;Macoura Gadji,&nbsp;Mamadou Habib Thiam,&nbsp;Bruno Mégarbane","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methadone and buprenorphine are the two maintenance treatments in opiate addicts authorised in France since the end of the 1990's. More recently, some African countries such as Senegal have implemented a new health policy focused on reducing the risks by encouraging the use of methadone as maintenance treatment. The objectives of maintenance therapy are to reduce morbidity and mortality related to the consumption of heroin and other street opioids, to promote the integration of drug users into the healthcare system, and more generally, to improve their social integration. However, this strategy might have limitations in practice. Here, we report the experience of the Integrated Addiction Treatment Center in Dakar, Senegal, and discuss ethical considerations at both the individual and collective levels, which may improve care of opiate-dependent users in practice, especially in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"832-837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Silent - but not neutral!] [沉默-但不是中立!]
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022126
Bertrand Jordan
{"title":"[Silent - but not neutral!]","authors":"Bertrand Jordan","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ingenious system for generating thousands of point mutations in yeast genes and measuring their effect on fitness shows convincingly that, for the chosen subset of representative non-essential genes, silent mutations have as much effect on fitness as missense mutations. In other words, silent mutations are not neutral, at least under these conditions. This result has important implications for evolutionary biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"839-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
[The impact of neutral mutations on genome evolvability]. [中性突变对基因组进化的影响]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022122
Olivier Tenaillon, Ivan Matic
{"title":"[The impact of neutral mutations on genome evolvability].","authors":"Olivier Tenaillon,&nbsp;Ivan Matic","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beneficial mutations with strong effects are rare and deleterious mutations are purged by natural selection. Therefore, the majority of mutations that accumulate in genomes have very weak or no selective effects, being then called neutral mutations. Over the last two decades, it has been shown that mutations, even when they are neutral, affect evolvability by providing access to new phenotypes through later-occurring mutations that would not have been available otherwise. We propose here that in addition to this effect, many mutations -independent of their selective effects- can affect the mutability of neighboring DNA sequences and modulate the efficiency of homologous recombination. Such mutations do not alter the spectrum of accessible phenotypes, but rather the rate at which new phenotypes will be produced, a process that has long-term but also potentially short-term consequences for cancer emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"777-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
[Gender identity, between natural facts and constructed facts, an integrative and developmental approach]. [性别认同，在自然事实和建构事实之间，一个综合的和发展的方法]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022128
Lucie Jurek, Ludovic Souiller, François Medjkane
{"title":"[Gender identity, between natural facts and constructed facts, an integrative and developmental approach].","authors":"Lucie Jurek,&nbsp;Ludovic Souiller,&nbsp;François Medjkane","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022128","url":null,"abstract":"L’identité de genre, entre faits naturels et faits construits, une approche intégrative et développementale.\u0000 À partir des années 1950, l’identité de genre, en ce qu’elle définit la conviction de l’individu d’appartenir à un genre ou à un autre, devient un objet de recherche médicale et scientifique. Partant des premiers travaux de John Money et de Robert Stoller, qui posent la possibilité d’une dimension polyfactorielle de la construction de l’identité de genre, les recherches les plus récentes portant sur les facteurs génétiques, neuroanatomiques, socio-cognitifs et psychodynamiques, réactualisent l’intérêt de pouvoir envisager un modèle polyfactoriel. Le paradigme clinique des variations du développement génital et des troubles du spectre de l’autisme entrouvre des hypothèses quant à l’articulation possible de ces facteurs de différentes natures. Pour appuyer tant ces éléments historiques que les données issues de la recherche actuelle, nous développerons en quoi les pratiques médicales actuelles vis-à-vis du genre s’inscrivent, sur le plan déontologique, dans une approche nécessairement individualisée soutenant un modèle polyfactoriel développemental.","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"808-815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Some scientific highlights: A selection by the students of the Master Biology-Health of Montpellier University]. 【一些科学亮点:蒙彼利埃大学生物健康硕士学生选集】。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022131
Damien Avinens, Guilhem Cantaloube, Annemarie Fortuin, Joëlle Hornebeck, Paul Jégou, Lila Marchal, Laura Pinceloup-Sosa, Justine Revel, Louis Sarrazin, Benjamin Sauthon, Jéremy Vincent
{"title":"[Some scientific highlights: A selection by the students of the Master Biology-Health of Montpellier University].","authors":"Damien Avinens,&nbsp;Guilhem Cantaloube,&nbsp;Annemarie Fortuin,&nbsp;Joëlle Hornebeck,&nbsp;Paul Jégou,&nbsp;Lila Marchal,&nbsp;Laura Pinceloup-Sosa,&nbsp;Justine Revel,&nbsp;Louis Sarrazin,&nbsp;Benjamin Sauthon,&nbsp;Jéremy Vincent","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022131","url":null,"abstract":"L’actualité scientifique vue par les étudiants du Master Biologie Santé de l’université de Montpellier.\u0000 L’unité d’enseignement « Immunopathologie » qui propose les brèves présentées dans ce numéro est suivie par des étudiants de divers parcours du Master Biologie Santé de l’université de Montpellier. Ce Master rassemble des étudiants issus du domaine des sciences et technologies et de celui de la santé. On y étudie les bases physiopathologiques des maladies immunologiques, les cibles thérapeutiques et les mécanismes d’échappement des microorganismes et des tumeurs. Les articles présentés ici ont été choisis par les étudiants selon leur domaine de prédilection.","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"845-849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Dictating one's medical report to control the interaction. About the use of speech recognition technologies in medical consultations]. 口述自己的医疗报告来控制互动关于语音识别技术在医疗咨询中的应用[j]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022124
Nicolas El Haïk-Wagner
{"title":"[Dictating one's medical report to control the interaction. About the use of speech recognition technologies in medical consultations].","authors":"Nicolas El Haïk-Wagner","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022124","url":null,"abstract":"Dicter son compte-rendu pour maîtriser l’interaction - De l’usage de la reconnaissance vocale en consultation médicale.\u0000 « Les humanités en santé : approches de terrain » sont coordonnés par Claire Crignon, professeure d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences à l’université de Lorraine, qui a créé le master « humanités biomédicales » à Sorbonne université.","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"827-831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Reactive astrocytes in brain diseases: Therapeutic targets and biomarkers]. 脑疾病中的反应性星形胶质细胞:治疗靶点和生物标志物。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022104
Yiannis Poulot-Becq-Giraudon, Maria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage, Carole Escartin
{"title":"[Reactive astrocytes in brain diseases: Therapeutic targets and biomarkers].","authors":"Yiannis Poulot-Becq-Giraudon,&nbsp;Maria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage,&nbsp;Carole Escartin","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes are essential partners of neurons in the central nervous system. In response to many brain diseases, astrocytes change at the morphological, molecular and functional levels: they become reactive. These multiple changes are likely to have significant impacts on neurons, which are dependent on several astrocyte functions. Astrocyte reactivity is context-specific. It is therefore essential to determine the changes occurring in reactive astrocytes in each pathological situation, through dedicated and selective approaches. This will promote the development of innovative therapies that target the cellular partners of neurons, as well as the identification of specific disease biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"786-794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33521574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
[Nuclear receptors and circadian clock: Implications for inflammatory diseases]. [核受体和生物钟:对炎症疾病的影响]。
IF 0.7
Medecine sciences : M/S Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022102
Hélène Duez, Benoit Pourcet
{"title":"[Nuclear receptors and circadian clock: Implications for inflammatory diseases].","authors":"Hélène Duez,&nbsp;Benoit Pourcet","doi":"10.1051/medsci/2022102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biological clock is a set of evolutionarily conserved \"clock proteins\" that generate circadian rhythms in behavior and physiological processes. The clock programs these processes at specific times of the day, allowing the organism to optimize its functions by anticipating predictable daily changes such as day/night, hence sleep/wake or feeding/fasting cycles. Modern lifestyle, i.e., exposure to light at night, shift work and irregular eating patterns and sleep schedules desynchronize the clocks residing in each organ. This dissonance is associated with an increased risk of developing various diseases such as cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":519512,"journal":{"name":"Medecine sciences : M/S","volume":" ","pages":"669-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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