Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI最新文献

{"title":"Eyebirds: Enabling the Public to Recognize Water Birds at Hand.","authors":"Jiaogen Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Caiyun Zhang,&nbsp;Wenbo Wu,&nbsp;Yanzhu Ji,&nbsp;Yeai Zou","doi":"10.3390/ani12213000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enabling the public to easily recognize water birds has a positive effect on wetland bird conservation. However, classifying water birds requires advanced ornithological knowledge, which makes it very difficult for the public to recognize water bird species in daily life. To break the knowledge barrier of water bird recognition for the public, we construct a water bird recognition system (Eyebirds) by using deep learning, which is implemented as a smartphone app. Eyebirds consists of three main modules: (1) a water bird image dataset; (2) an attention mechanism-based deep convolution neural network for water bird recognition (AM-CNN); (3) an app for smartphone users. The waterbird image dataset currently covers 48 families, 203 genera and 548 species of water birds worldwide, which is used to train our water bird recognition model. The AM-CNN model employs attention mechanism to enhance the shallow features of bird images for boosting image classification performance. Experimental results on the North American bird dataset (CUB200-2011) show that the AM-CNN model achieves an average classification accuracy of 85%. On our self-built water bird image dataset, the AM-CNN model also works well with classification accuracies of 94.0%, 93.6% and 86.4% at three levels: family, genus and species, respectively. The user-side app is a WeChat applet deployed in smartphones. With the app, users can easily recognize water birds in expeditions, camping, sightseeing, or even daily life. In summary, our system can bring not only fun, but also water bird knowledge to the public, thus inspiring their interests and further promoting their participation in bird ecological conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40693180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Sequencing of Four Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Dolichovespula</i> (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) with a Phylogenetic Analysis and Divergence Time Estimation of Vespidae.","authors":"Hang Wang,&nbsp;Qian Wen,&nbsp;Tongfei Wang,&nbsp;Fanrong Ran,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Xulei Fan,&nbsp;Shujun Wei,&nbsp;Zhonghu Li,&nbsp;Jiangli Tan","doi":"10.3390/ani12213004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wasp genus <i>Dolichovespula</i> (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae) is a eusocial wasp group. Due to the taxonomic and phylogenetic issues with the family Vespidae, more genetic data should be gathered to provide efficient approaches for precise molecular identification. For this work, we used next-generation sequencing (also known as high-throughput sequencing) to sequence the mitochondrial genomes (mtgenomes) of four <i>Dolichovespula</i> species, viz. <i>D. flora</i>, <i>D. lama</i>, <i>D. saxonica</i>, and <i>D. xanthicincta</i> 16,064 bp, 16,011 bp, 15,682 bp, and 15,941 bp in length, respectively. The mitochondrial genes of the four species are rearranged. The A + T content of each mtgenome is more than 80%, with a control region (A + T-rich region), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. There are 7 to 11 more genes on the majority strands than on the minority strands. Using Bayesian inference and Maximum-Likelihood methodologies as well as data from other species available on GenBank, phylogenetic trees and relationship assessments in the genus <i>Dolichovespula</i> and the family Vespidae were generated. The two fossil-based calibration dates were used to estimate the origin of eusociality and the divergence time of clades in the family Vespidae. The divergence times indicate that the latest common ancestor of the family Vespidae appeared around 106 million years ago (Ma). The subfamily Stenogastrinae diverged from other Vespidae at about 99 Ma, the subfamily Eumeninae at around 95 Ma, and the subfamily Polistinae and Vespinae diverged at approximately 42 Ma. The genus <i>Dolichovespula</i> is thought to have originated around 25 Ma. The origin and distribution pattern of the genus <i>Dolichovespula</i> are briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40693183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Thinking Felid-Human Entanglements through the Lenses of Compassionate Conservation and Multispecies Studies.","authors":"Margarita Steinhardt,&nbsp;Susanne Pratt,&nbsp;Daniel Ramp","doi":"10.3390/ani12212996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With many felid species in widespread decline, re-thinking the messy felid-human entanglements is a necessary step for fostering coexistence as current conservation frameworks centered on human exceptionalism and widespread violence toward wild animals are conspicuously failing felids. This paper argues for fostering a critical awareness of how we understand our relationships with nonhuman animals, particularly in the context of conservation. We bring two distinct but related interdisciplinary fields into a dialogue to critically question the values and conceptual assumptions that frame the practices of felid conservation today. Compassionate conservation and multispecies studies share many synergies and conceptual overlaps despite emerging from different academic domains. We identified four key areas for further exploration: (1) A shift in emphasis from practices of killing to the underlying assumptions that make forms of killing permissible and ethically unproblematic. (2) Re-engagement with individuals, not just species, in conservation settings. (3) Unsettling human exceptionalism through an emphasis on the agency of animals and an ethic involving compassion. (4) Acknowledging the ways in which humans co-become with other animals and cultivating relationships of multispecies cohabitation and flourishing.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Acute Phase Response Biomarkers in Racing Endurance Horses.","authors":"Karla Mihelić,&nbsp;Zoran Vrbanac,&nbsp;Krunoslav Bojanić,&nbsp;Tara Kostanjšak,&nbsp;Blanka Beer Ljubić,&nbsp;Jelena Gotić,&nbsp;Dražen Vnuk,&nbsp;Nika Brkljača Bottegaro","doi":"10.3390/ani12212993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate if exercise-induced acute phase response (APR) occurs in endurance horses in response to the race. The study included 23 horses competing in an endurance competition with a successfully passed clinical examination before the race. Blood samples were collected before the start and within 30 min after the end of the race. Haematological and biochemical tests were performed and correlated to acute phase biomarkers changes. Values of calprotectin and haptoglobin (Hp) decreased after the races compared to values before, while concentrations of ceruloplasmin and albumin recorded a significant increase. Greater changes in calprotectin values were noted in Arabian horses compared to other breeds. Values of Hp showed a significantly greater decrease after longer races. Based on study results, endurance racing induces APR in horses characterised by significant changes in selected acute phase biomarkers. More pronounced changes were noted at races with higher average speeds, suggesting the need for thorough horse monitoring during exhausting races.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Blastocystis</i> in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons.","authors":"Qingyong Ni,&nbsp;Shasha Dong,&nbsp;Yumai Fan,&nbsp;Wen Wan,&nbsp;Ping Teng,&nbsp;Shaobo Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaobi Liang,&nbsp;Huailiang Xu,&nbsp;Yongfang Yao,&nbsp;Mingwang Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Xie","doi":"10.3390/ani12212992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Blastocystis</i> sp. is a common intestinal anaerobic parasite infecting non-human primates and many other animals. This taxon threatens the health of NHPs due to its high genetic diversity, impeding efforts to improve confined management and subsequent conservation practices. This study collected 100 and 154 fecal samples from captive macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises in the summer and winter, respectively. The <i>Blastocystis</i> infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) were analyzed. The prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> in the three primate genera was 57.79% (89/154) in the summer (2021) and 29.00% (29/100) in the winter (2020). Four zoonotic subtypes-ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4-were identified. ST2 was the most prevalent subtype, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs for pathogens of human <i>Blastocystis</i> infections. The macaques showed a more significant variation in <i>Blastocystis</i> infection between seasons than gibbons and slow lorises. The slow lorises in small cages and enclosure areas were potentially more infected by <i>Blastocystis</i> in the summer, indicating that inappropriate captive management may have detrimental effects on their health.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen Microbial Predictors for Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels and the Grass-Fed Regimen in Angus Cattle.","authors":"Jianan Liu,&nbsp;Ying Bai,&nbsp;Fang Liu,&nbsp;Richard A Kohn,&nbsp;Daniel A Tadesse,&nbsp;Saul Sarria,&nbsp;Robert W Li,&nbsp;Jiuzhou Song","doi":"10.3390/ani12212995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The health benefits of grass-fed beef are well documented. However, the rumen microbiome features in beef steers raised in a grass-fed regimen have yet to be identified. This study examined the rumen microbiome profile in the feeding regimes. Our findings show that the rumen microbiome of the grass-fed cattle demonstrated greater species diversity and harbored significantly higher microbial alpha diversity, including multiple species richness and evenness indices, than the grain-fed cattle. Global network analysis unveiled that grass-fed cattle's rumen microbial interaction networks had higher modularity, suggesting a more resilient and stable microbial community under this feeding regimen. Using the analysis of compositions of microbiomes with a bias correction (ANCOM-BC) algorithm, the abundance of multiple unclassified genera, such as those belonging to Planctomycetes, LD1-PB3, SR1, <i>Lachnospira</i>, and <i>Sutterella</i>, were significantly enriched in the rumen of grass-fed steers. <i>Sutterella</i> was also the critical genus able to distinguish the two feeding regimens by Random Forest. A rumen microbial predictor consisting of an unclassified genus in the candidate division SR1 (numerator) and an unclassified genus in the order Bacteroidales (denominator) accurately distinguished the two feeding schemes. Multiple microbial signatures or balances strongly correlated with various levels of SCFA in the rumen. For example, a balance represented by the log abundance ratio of <i>Sutterella</i> to <i>Desulfovibrio</i> was strongly associated with acetate-to-propionate proportions in the rumen (R² = 0.87), which could be developed as a valuable biomarker for optimizing milk fat yield and cattle growth. Therefore, our findings provided novel insights into microbial interactions in the rumen under different feed schemes and their ecophysiological implications. These findings will help to develop rumen manipulation strategies to improve feed conversion ratios and average daily weight gains for grass- or pasture-fed cattle production.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Unused Tools for the Animal Behavioral Diversity Toolkit.","authors":"James Edward Brereton,&nbsp;Eduardo J Fernandez","doi":"10.3390/ani12212984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral diversity is a commonly used tool used to quantify the richness and evenness of animal behaviors and assess the effect of variables that may impact an animal's quality of life. The indices used in behavioral diversity research, and the study subjects, have not been formally reviewed. This paper aims to identify which indices are being used in behavioral diversity research, and under which scenarios, and uncover novel indices from other disciplines that could be applied to behavioral diversity. To investigate the techniques and species investigated in behavioral diversity literature, a Web of Science literature search was conducted. Two methods: behavioral richness and the Shannon-Wiener index, were the most frequently used indices, whereas the Behavioral Variability index featured rarely. While a range of species appeared in the behavioral literature, mammals were the most frequently studied Class, whereas amphibians did not feature in any papers. There are several diversity indices which did not feature in behavioral diversity including Simpson's index, and Chao. Such indices could be used to better understand animal behavioral study outputs or be used to estimate the number of 'unobserved' behaviors that an animal may express. Future studies could therefore extend beyond the Shannon-Wiener and richness indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elbow Extensor Muscles in Humans and Chimpanzees: Adaptations to Different Uses of the Upper Extremity in Hominoid Primates.","authors":"Marina de Diego,&nbsp;Aroa Casado,&nbsp;Mónica Gómez,&nbsp;Neus Ciurana,&nbsp;Patrícia Rodríguez,&nbsp;Yasmina Avià,&nbsp;Elisabeth Cuesta-Torralvo,&nbsp;Natividad García,&nbsp;Isabel San José,&nbsp;Mercedes Barbosa,&nbsp;Félix de Paz,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Pastor,&nbsp;Josep Maria Potau","doi":"10.3390/ani12212987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anatomical and functional characteristics of the elbow extensor muscles (triceps brachii and anconeus) have not been widely studied in non-human hominoid primates, despite their great functional importance. In the present study, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the elbow extensors in humans and chimpanzees. Our main objective was to identify differences in these muscles that could be related to the different uses of the upper extremity in the two species. In five humans and five chimpanzees, we have analyzed muscle mass (MM), muscle fascicle length (MFL), and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). In addition, we have assessed the expression of the MHC isoforms by RT-PCR. We have found high MM and PCSA values and higher expression of the MHC-IIx isoform in the triceps brachii of chimpanzees, while in humans, the triceps brachii has high MFL values and a higher expression of the MHC-I and MHC-IIa isoforms. In contrast, there were no significant differences between humans and chimpanzees in any of the values for the anconeus. These findings could be related to the participation of the triceps brachii in the locomotion of chimpanzees and to the use of the upper extremity in manipulative functions in humans. The results obtained in the anconeus support its primary function as a stabilizer of the elbow joint in the two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Colony Cages on the Welfare of Chickens Farmed for Meat.","authors":"Jenny L Mace,&nbsp;Andrew Knight","doi":"10.3390/ani12212988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in keeping meat chickens in modern colony cages (CCs) rather than conventional litter-floor barns. Suggested welfare improvements for chickens in such systems include reduced bodily lesions due to lower contact with flooring contaminated with faeces and urine, due to slatted flooring and automated faeces removal. This systematic review sought to determine the animal welfare impacts of CCs using slatted flooring, in comparison to litter-based non-cage systems. Overall, 23 relevant studies were retrieved. From one perspective, the extant research appeared mixed. Fifteen (65%) of these 23 studies identified some form of welfare concern about slatted floors, and thus CCs. Yet, when considering actual welfare indicators assessed, the tallies generated in favour of each housing system were similar. Crucially however, there were incomplete behavioural welfare measures in 100% of the empirical studies reviewed. Accordingly, significant welfare concerns exist about CCs, centring around behavioural deprivation. Given that over 70 billion chickens are farmed then slaughtered each year globally, widespread implementation of CCs would create a major animal welfare concern. Instead of implementing such CC systems, research and development is recommended into improving welfare outcomes of conventional litter barns using different forms of commercially feasible enrichment. As a minimum, a full behavioural analysis, as detailed in the Welfare Quality Assessment protocols, should form a mandatory part of any future studies aimed at assessing the welfare impacts of housing systems on farmed chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles of Pasteurized Liquid Whole Hen Egg Products Stored in Four Types of Packaging.","authors":"Vjaceslavs Kocetkovs,&nbsp;Vitalijs Radenkovs,&nbsp;Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova,&nbsp;Sandra Muizniece-Brasava","doi":"10.3390/ani12212990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the ability of high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, Tetra Rex^® Bio-based packaging, and Doypack (stand-up pouches) packaging to maintain the nutritional quality and safety of liquid whole egg products for 35 days of refrigerated storage. High-grade hen eggs were used for the preparation of liquid whole egg products (LWEPs). The conformity of eggs quality to grade A was supported by the initial screening of the raw materials' physical-chemical attributes, which remained unchanged during the 25 days of storage. The obtained results indicated that the content of fatty acids in LWEPs was affected by both storage time and packaging material. However, the better preservation of monounsaturated fatty acids was achieved by polyethylene terephthalate, followed by high-density polyethylene packaging. Meanwhile, a statistically significant advantage of polyethylene terephthalate over other packaging materials was also confirmed regarding the maintenance of polyunsaturated fatty acids during 35 days of LWEPs storage. Relative fluctuations in the number of fatty acids in Tetra Rex^® Bio-based and Doypack-stored LWEPs revealed their disadvantages manifested by exfoliation of composite layers, which perhaps was the main cause of extensive moisture loss. Overall, due to superior barrier properties, polyethylene terephthalate packaging demonstrated better preservation of amino acids. Only as much as a 2.1% decrease was observed between the initial value and the 35th day of LWEP storage. From a microbiological standpoint, all materials demonstrated the ability to ensure the microbiological safety of products during 35 days of storage, as the maximum allowed limit of 10⁵ CFU g^-1 was not exceeded.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}