Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI最新文献

{"title":"Biomechanical Tests on Long-Bone Elliptical Medullary-Canal Endoprostheses for Limb Salvage in Dogs.","authors":"Rosa Mendaza-DeCal,&nbsp;Yolanda Ballesteros,&nbsp;Salvador Peso-Fernandez,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Del Real-Romero,&nbsp;Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros","doi":"10.3390/ani12213021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exo-endoprosthesis is a limb salvage procedure poorly described for animals, as only expensive metal devices have been used so far. Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) can make this type of implant affordable by exploring a wide new range of materials. However, safety factors should be considered and could be related to kinetic and kinematic studies of canine natural gaits. The suitability of a novel inner part of an exo-endoprosthesis manufactured by fuse deposition modeling (FDM) was assessed for long canine bones with an elliptical medullary canal. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was the material used as an alternative to metal for veterinary traumatology. Poisson's ratio of 3D-printed PEEK material and ex vivo mechanical tests of the customized endoprosthesis were performed for the evaluation. The customized endoprostheses had promising outcomes for the radii of 20 kg dogs. Quasistatic mechanical tests of bone-inserted endoprostheses-pure compression tests-reached a maximum force of 1045.0 ± 78.0 N. In fatigue tests, the samples reached 500,000 cycles without failure or detriment to their quasistatic results. These outcomes surpass the natural weight-bearing of dogs, even during a galloping pace. Furthermore, torque tests with different adhesives were performed to obtain reference data for future assessments comparing with natural dog movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Data Collection Tools for Zoo Management Decision-Making: A Case Study Examining Behavioral Measures of Humboldt Penguin Bond Strength.","authors":"Julia Galante,&nbsp;Susan W Margulis","doi":"10.3390/ani12213031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systematic data collection has become increasingly important in zoos as it facilitates evidence-based decision-making. Here, we describe the results of a two-year study on exhibit use and pair-bonding in a colony of Humboldt penguins. We used two different data collection apps to evaluate their effectiveness and suitability for evaluating pair-bond strength. Data were collected using instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence sampling 2-3 times per week for 2 years for a total of nearly 240 h of observation (19 h with one system and 219 h with the other system). The activity patterns (in particular, time spent in the water) differed amongst penguins and between the two data collection tools. Patterns of courtship-related behaviors varied tremendously across individuals. The longer pairs had been bonded, the more time they spent in close proximity. We highlight two important considerations for institutions aiming to collect such systematic data. First, it is critical to interpret all findings in context by incorporating husbandry details and keeper insights to highlight explanations that may not be readily apparent from the data. Second, one must explore all aspects of any data collection system before committing to its use-system setup, ease of data collection, format and accessibility of exported data. Not doing so may negate the value of systematic data collection by limiting the use and interpretability of the data.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Goat Colostrum to Produce a Fermented Yogurt-Type Product.","authors":"Emilio José González-Navarro,&nbsp;María Carmen Beltrán,&nbsp;María Pilar Molina,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Pérez-Barbería,&nbsp;Ana Molina,&nbsp;María Isabel Berruga","doi":"10.3390/ani12213025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of goat colostrum to produce a yogurt-type product as a novel functional dairy food. Four batches of fermented goat colostrum (GCY) were produced using fermented goat milk (GMY) as a reference. Physicochemical, mechanical, and microbial characteristics of cold storage fermented products were evaluated in a weekly basis for 28 days. Sensory analysis was applied to detect potential differences between products and to evaluate the acceptance of GCY by consumers. Results indicate that colostrum showed higher coagulation times than goat milk (480 vs. 350 min to reach pH 4.6). In general, GCY showed a higher protein and fat content and similar features than GMY for most quality parameters, which were highly stable along time. Sensory evaluation led to significant differences between products related to their color and taste. The consumer acceptance test, using a 5 point-Likert scale, showed an overall acceptance of 3.90 ± 0.79 for GCY, with aroma and consistency being the sensory attributes having highest ratings (4.30 ± 0.80 and 4.20 ± 0.96, respectively). Therefore, fermenting goat colostrum with yogurt specific starters could be an interesting alternative to make use of surplus colostrum on farms, allowing for the diversification of commercial goat milk products with potential health benefits for the consumer.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testis Size Variation and Its Environmental Correlates in Andrew's Toad (<i>Bufo andrewsi</i>).","authors":"Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Li Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Luan,&nbsp;Wenbo Liao","doi":"10.3390/ani12213011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive investments influenced by environmental conditions vary extensively among geographically distinct populations. However, investigations of patterns of intraspecific variation in male reproductive investments and the mechanisms shaping this variation in anurans remain scarce. Here, we focused on the variation in testis size in 14 populations of the Andrew's toad <i>Bufo andrewsi</i>, a species with weak dispersal ability but wide distribution in southwestern China, to establish whether male reproductive investment varies on an environmental gradient. Our analysis revealed a significant variation in relative testis size across populations, and a positive correlation between testis size and body condition. We, however, found no geographic trends explaining the variability in the testis size. The relative testis size did not increase with increasing latitude or altitude. We also found no relationship between relative testis size and rainfall, but a negative correlation with the coefficient of variation of temperature, with larger testes under stable environments. These findings suggest that the decreased male reproductive investment of this species may be a consequence of harsher or fluctuating environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cardiotoxicity after a Single Dose of Combretastatin A4-Phosphate in Dogs Using Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography.","authors":"Gitte Mampaey,&nbsp;Arnaut Hellemans,&nbsp;Hilde de Rooster,&nbsp;Tom Schipper,&nbsp;Eline Abma,&nbsp;Bart J G Broeckx,&nbsp;Sylvie Daminet,&nbsp;Pascale Smets","doi":"10.3390/ani12213005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA4P) is a vascular disrupting agent that was recently described for the treatment of solid canine tumors. Conventional echocardiography and pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging did not reveal cardiotoxicity in dogs, however, the gold standard for assessing myocardial damage in humans receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics is two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. The current study evaluated the cardiotoxic effect of a single dose of CA4P in dogs using peak systolic strain measurements and the variability of these measurements. Echocardiographic examinations of seven healthy beagles and five canine cancer patients that received CA4P were retrospectively reviewed. Peak systolic regional longitudinal strain (LSt), peak systolic regional circumferential strain (CSt), and peak systolic regional radial strain (RSt) were measured before and 24 h after administration of CA4P. Peak systolic strain measurements were compared to serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI). To quantify intra- and inter-observer measurement variability, seven echocardiographic examinations were selected and each strain parameter was measured by three observers on three consecutive days. After CA4P administration, the median LSt and CSt values decreased by 21.8% (<i>p</i> = 0.0005) and 12.3% (<i>p</i> = 0.002), respectively, whereas the median RSt values were not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.70). The decrease in LSt was correlated with increased serum cTnI values (Spearman rho = -0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.02). The intra-observer coefficients of variation (CV) were 9%, 4%, and 13% for LSt, CSt, and RSt, respectively, while the corresponding interobserver CVs were 11%, 12%, and 20%. Our results suggest that regional peak systolic strain measurements may be useful for the early detection of cardiotoxicity that is caused by vascular disrupting agents and that LSt may be promising for the follow-up of canine cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Variability Factors on Hair Cortisol, Blood Count and Milk Production of Donkeys.","authors":"Federica Salari,&nbsp;Chiara Mariti,&nbsp;Iolanda Altomonte,&nbsp;Angelo Gazzano,&nbsp;Mina Martini","doi":"10.3390/ani12213009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased interest in donkeys because of their milk has led to changes in their farm management. Little is known about the effect of the farming systems on donkey health and welfare. Measuring hair cortisol concentrations is an emerging method to assess stress in animals. To the best of our knowledge, no cortisol assessment has been done on dairy donkeys; similarly, only a few studies have investigated donkey haematological values. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the lactation phase, parity and season on blood parameters, milk yield and quality and hair cortisol in dairy donkeys. Individual samples of milk, blood and mane hair were taken from twenty jennies at 1, 6 and 10 months after parturition. Higher values of hair cortisol were found in the first sampling, suggesting temporary stress during the peri-parturition. The parity influenced the number of blood cells, which was lower in the pluriparous jennies. The season affected milk quality and mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The latters might represent the adaptation to the environmental conditions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biochemical processes occurring in lactating jennies, and to their physiological and wellbeing status.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Assessment of Wild Boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) in Corral-Style Traps Using Serum Cortisol Levels.","authors":"Katharina M Westhoff,&nbsp;André Fetzer,&nbsp;Kathrin Büttner,&nbsp;Gerhard Schuler,&nbsp;Johannes Lang,&nbsp;Michael Lierz","doi":"10.3390/ani12213008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capture of wild boar in corral-style traps with subsequent culling is increasingly used for population management. The method is debated due to animal welfare concerns making welfare studies in traps necessary. While previous studies focused on behaviour and injuries, this study dealt with the physiological aspect. Cortisol levels in wild boar caught in corral-style traps (50-90 qm², <i>n</i> = 138) were compared with those killed during single (<i>n</i> = 37) and driven hunts (<i>n</i> = 90). Collected sera were purified by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysed via radioimmunoassay. Cortisol levels in blood samples were stable under cooled (4-7 °C) conditions for a storage time of up to 87 h before centrifugation. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in wild boar killed in corral-style traps than during driven hunts and single hunts. Wild boar caught in groups of five or more showed lower cortisol levels than single animals or in smaller groups. Therefore, time span inside the trap and of culling should be reduced to a minimum, and capturing groups of animals should be preferred to reduce stress. For animal welfare assessment of wild boar live-trapping, additional data from behavioural analyses and pathological examinations must be integrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of β-Mannanase Addition during Whole Pigs Fattening on Production Yields and Intestinal Health.","authors":"Pedro Sánchez-Uribe,&nbsp;Eva Romera-Recio,&nbsp;Carolina G Cabrera-Gómez,&nbsp;Elisa V Hernández-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Álvaro Lamrani,&nbsp;Belén González-Guijarro,&nbsp;Clara de Pascual-Monreal,&nbsp;Livia Mendonça-Pascoal,&nbsp;Laura Martínez-Alarcón,&nbsp;Guillermo Ramis","doi":"10.3390/ani12213012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213012","url":null,"abstract":"Simple Summary Raw materials used in the manufacture of pig feed may contain anti-nutritional elements. These include β-mannans: oligosaccharides that produce a state of unnecessary inflammation in the intestine, hindering the absorption of nutrients and worsening animal performance. In this trial, an enzyme that degrades these sugars was used throughout the growing–finishing period, also reducing the energy of this feed (HC), compared to a control feed (CON). The animals were weighed, and growth and FCR were calculated. In addition, fecal consistency, gastric lesions at slaughter and a battery of 16 biomarkers in feces and tissues, indicators of intestinal integrity and immune stimulation, were studied. HC animals grew as well as CON animals and had a lower FCR. In addition, an anti-inflammatory state was observed in feces and in jejunum and ileum tissue at slaughter, suggesting that the use of this enzyme effectively controls the β-mannan-derived immune reaction. Abstract The presence of β-mannans in feed can produce a futile and chronic immune stimulation in fattening pigs. In this trial, a 1-4-endo-D-β-mannanase was added to the feed (HC) during growth and fattening (0.03% of Hemicell HT) and physical performance and pathological data were recorded, and intestinal integrity and immune activation were studied by molecular biomarkers, compared to a control group (CON). The treatment diet was reduced in energy content by 40 Kcal/kg NE. From each group, 113 and 112 animals housed in 8 pens were individually identified and weighed three times: at 7th, 63rd and 116th days in feed. The FCR was calculated for groups of two pens and ADG individually. There was no difference in ADG (CON = 0.836, HC = 0.818) nor in FCR between groups (p = 0.486). During growth, there was a higher frequency of normal feces in HC and there were also no differences in the frequency of gastric lesions. A significant increase in Claudin, Occludin, IFN-γ and IL8 was observed in the CON in feces and a significant decrease in IL-6 in HC. In tissues, there were differences for IL-12p40, TNF-alpha in jejunum (increased CON) and TGF-β in ileum and jejunum, (decreased HC). The economic performance was EUR 4.7 better in the treated group. In conclusion, the addition of 1-4-endo-D-β--mannanase to the feed with a 1.6% reduction in net energy compared to the control, allowed the animals to perform as well as the animals on the higher energy diet, with lower prevalence of diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the 2007-2008 United States Economic Crisis on Pet Ownership.","authors":"Pablo Crespo,&nbsp;Marco Faytong-Haro","doi":"10.3390/ani12213010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited literature explores the relationship between economic impacts and pet ownership. Do people have more pets as a result of economic crises? In the current study, we answer this question by looking at the time series of pet ownership and children present in U.S. households from 2003 to 2018. We utilize a causal inference technique to compare the estimated real trend of pet ownership in American households against the scenario in which the 2007-2008 financial crisis would not have occurred. Our findings suggest that the financial crisis triggered households to own more pets, specifically dogs and cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of Mortality of Dairy Cattle Diagnosed by Complete Necropsy.","authors":"David J Wilson,&nbsp;Emma Jane Kelly,&nbsp;Savannah Gucwa","doi":"10.3390/ani12213001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12213001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective case series summarized the primary causes of death in 857 dairy cattle necropsied from 2008 to 2019 at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from dairy farms in Utah (76%), Idaho (16%) or other states (8%), primarily in the U.S. Intermountain West. Of cattle with age provided, 74% matched with body weight based estimates for those with no age stated. Cattle ranged from fetuses at 60 days of gestation to 9 years old. Primary cause of mortality was diagnosed in 833 cattle (97%); no cause was evident in 24 cattle (3%). Sexes were female 620 (72%), male 214 (25%), not recorded 23 (3%). Seven diseases killed 80% of the animals: gastrointestinal disease (most enteritis/colitis) 318 (37%); pneumonia 166 (19%); abortion 96 (11%), peritonitis 30 (4%), omphalophlebitis (navel ill) 27 (3%), abomasitis 23 (3%), and metritis 23 (3%). Etiologic agents and specific causes varied with age categories of the animals. Young calves that died from dystocia, omphalophlebitis, or congenital abnormality often presented with no suspicion of those causes by the owners because of no external signs. Some important fatal diseases of adult dairy cows that are often diagnosed ante-mortem were diagnosed at necropsy with no suspicion by those submitting the carcasses: metritis, hardware disease, and displaced abomasum. Multicentric lymphoma was a relatively important cause of death in cows more than 4 years old. Despite use of a toxicology laboratory, toxicity was only diagnosed as causing 1% of the deaths across all ages of dairy cattle. There were numerous other causes of mortality diagnosed as well. Necropsy is a vital tool to diagnose causes of death in dairy cattle and can guide changes in management or preventive practices to reduce the rate of deaths in dairy herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":519482,"journal":{"name":"Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40693181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}