Culture & History Digital Journal最新文献

{"title":"Medieval echoes. Reflection on political theories and cultural trends from European Middle Ages during American Wars of Independence and Between the States","authors":"Xosé M. Sánchez Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2021.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2021.011","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the influence of formulations and lines of European medieval thought and culture during the two main processes of American political history: the American Wars of Independence and Between the States. In these moments of enormous significance, we can perceive a series of formulations alive since Middle Age centuries; principles with a no evident but relevant influence in mentality and perception during the conflicts. These are: federalism, constitutionalism, canon law, the concept of war, the reception of the work of Dante Alighieri and his ‘Divina Commedia’ and the reception of chivalric medieval culture and the Arthurian tradition.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Salt meat […] is prejudicial to the health of the troops’: the battles between doctors and the British Empire over army diet in the nineteenth-century Caribbean","authors":"Ilaria Berti","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.019","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteenth-century British and Caribbean sources show that European colonists were constantly struggling to maintain their health in a little-understood tropical climate; they engaged in frequent discussion and the exchange of advice on the preservation of their health. This article reveals that the maintenance of a specific group of temporary migrants, those in the armed forces, was a significant concern for the British authorities. It analyses medical reports and information in the contemporary press, which illustrate how heightened concerns about preservation of the army’s health led to an alternation between two different diets, one based on preserved food imported from the British homeland and the other on fresh local food.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44817951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Formation of North African Otherness in the Canary Islands from the 16th to 18th Centuries","authors":"Juan Manuel Santana","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.012","url":null,"abstract":"The current study of the North Africans of the Canary Islands during the 16th-18th centuries represents a contribution to the question of the development of the Muslim stereotype in Spain. This population with origins almost exclusively in north-western Africa, an area known at the time as Barbary, was forcibly relocated to the islands. Most of the Old Christians at the moment of the Royal Decree of 1609 expelling of the Moriscos from the Peninsula declared that the Moriscos of the archipelago were good Christians and loyal vassals. The archipelago was hence the only area of the Spanish Crown where they were not expelled. Fear served the monarchies of new emerging modern state to secure power and fashion a proto-national identity that differentiated individuals of different cultures and religions. The Moriscos of the archipelago were therefore throughout three centuries one of the main collectives singled out for religious, political and economic reasons.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47086668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power through Language, the Language of Power: Equatoguinean Emixiles Facing Lingua Franca","authors":"Catalina Iliescu-Gheorghiu","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.014","url":null,"abstract":"In 1968 Equatorial Guinea became independent from Spain but inherited its cultural architecture. Current identity claims made by Equatoguinean emixiles (Ugarte’s term, 2010) are rooted in the social and territorial exclusion suffered by ethnic groups during their colonial past. In this paper I will explore the role that the Spanish language played in the identity construction of six Equatoguinean emixiles living in the city of Alicante (Spain). My interviewees’ life-stories reveal valuable information on vernacular languages, but also on the lingua franca, a tool of liberation (granting access) but also of repression. By comparing their recollections of themselves (either as Guinean or ethnic citizens) back in Guinea, to their perceptions of themselves in Spain, I intend to delve into the mutual gaze between transnational identities (Vertovec) here and there, now and then. Given Bhabha’s concept of “third space” I argue, using specific samples from my corpus, that the synchronic analysis of emixiles’ discourses within a perverse diasporic perimeter (the land of the former colonisers), needs to be completed with the diachronic view of the patterns of power which influenced postcolonial (re)construction of national/ethnic identity.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Way to Mecca. Spanish State Sponsorship of Muslim Pilgrimage (1925-1972)","authors":"Jordi Moreras","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.013","url":null,"abstract":"The sponsorship of pilgrimage to Mecca by European colonial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to transforming the hajj into the global phenomenon it is today. Spain also promoted Muslim pilgrimage from its zone of the Moroccan Protectorate, tentatively at first, and then more purposefully from 1937 onwards, continuing its sponsorship into the early 1970s, years after Morocco’s independence. Intensive study of administrative documentation from the Spanish Protectorate allows the reformulation of the sponsorship’s established chronology (from 1937 to 1956). It also shows the dual intent concealed behind its promotion: first, as propaganda aimed at the interior of the Moroccan territory being administered; and second, as a tool for the external promotion of a political regime in need of support to escape its international isolation. The pilgrimage’s sponsorship is seen as part of the general framework of managing Muslim rituals enacted by the Spanish government to deactivate their potential mobilising capacity.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46309898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Intimacy in Malay Urban Core Configurations: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Illyani Ibrahim, Nurul Syala Abdul Latip, Puteri Shireen Jahn Kassim, N. Harun","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the historical pre-Colonial configurations of a series of urban cores in Malay sites along the Straits of Melaka. The objective of this research is to identify the pattern and variations of each pre-Colonial royal urban core from the perspective of urban design principle such as “intimacy” and “walkability,” which can affect in a long term sustainable parameters such as the reduction of “urban heat island”. This traditional character is increasingly disappearing due to urbanisation. There is a difficulty to reconstruct the urban core of these case studies because of their past layouts’ degree of organic character, particularly in terms of randomness. This paper argues that such configurations reflect the degree of “intimacy,” which was ruptured during the Colonial eras. Patterns were identified using available maps and lithography related to the case studies. The findings indicate that the Malay royal urban core does obey the urban design principles of intimacy and walkability. The “intimacy indices” for a historical Malay city are as follow: distance from palace to mosque (170 metre), padang/open spaces (130 metre), settlement (310 metre), market (195 metre), and aristocrat houses (60 metre). This finding can be used to inform the baseline for the preparation of the Malay principles guidelines.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45912651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial Spain in Africa: Building a Shared History from Memories of the Spanish Protectorate and Spanish Guinea","authors":"Yolanda Aixelà-Cabré","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.017","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares Spanish, Riffian and Equatorial Guinean memories to address Hispano-African history and understand their colonial experiences. Examining Africans’ voices in the 21st century from Postcolonial and Decolonial perspectives allows us to uncover Spanish colonial rhetoric about Moroccans and Equatorial Guineans and the racialised inequalities they had to face during the Spanish settlement. This approach shows the urgency of conciliating different versions and promoting a decoloniality process for Spain: the colonial past must be rebuilt for all and different sociocultural encounters must be rewritten to include expressly African voices. The final aim is to offer a contested version of Spanish colonial history in 20th century Africa, promoting a more shared social colonial history.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41537713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Tradition and Evangelisation: Marriage Ritualisation on Colonial and Contemporary Bioko Island","authors":"N. Fernández Moreno","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2020.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.015","url":null,"abstract":"The start of the 20th century on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) coincides with the expansion of Spanish colonisation. Around 1910, the intense process of “Hispanicisation” began, totally disrupting native Bubi society. The colonial government, together with the intense evangelisation carried out on the island by the Catholic Church, weakened and modified Bubi power structures. Colonialism also provoked important changes in Bubi family structure and the evangelising mission was, fundamentally, directed toward controlling and transforming marriage practices. This text analyses how the loss of the political function of the Bubi chieftainships affected marriage practices and examines the other variables that influenced these changes and their effects on the present-day situation of Bubi women. Finally, the text explains how the practices and values that the evangelisation managed to introduce influenced the construction of Bubi ethnic identity.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70854050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and transformation of urban spaces in San Juan de Puerto Rico during the government of Miguel de la Torre (1823-1837)","authors":"Emilio José Luque Azcona","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2020.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2020.021","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses aspects related to the development of the paving, lighting, sewerage and cleaning of streets and squares in the city of San Juan de Puerto Rico, during Miguel de la Torre’s government of the island (1823-1837). With this research we intend to offer a new and complementary view to the existing one on the management of this governor, who, along with the Cabildo, had powers in these matters, while at the same time deepening the analysis of the urban history of the city of San Juan for that period. The information on the experience that other relevant urban centers of the period, such as Madrid, Mexico or Havana, had in this type of actions is also included, with the purpose of contextualizing both the measures applied and their scope.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43683165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conpsumptionscapes: videogame stereotypes and Latin-American cities environments. Case: Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: The Thief End","authors":"C. Rossi","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"espanolConpsumptionscapes: estereotipos de videojuegos y ambientes urbanos de Latinoamerica. Casos de estudio: Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: The Thief End.- El paisaje de consumo se refiere al contexto en el que las necesidades basicas de una sociedad se determinan diariamente. La pequena tienda en el barrio y el mercado de calle, son estructuras arquitectonicas o espacios urbanos, que dieron forma a la vida de las ciudades como la conocemos hoy. Los centros comerciales son la evolucion de estos formatos de construccion y pueden caracterizar la vida contemporanea. El ejercicio propuesto por este articulo es revisar la condicion de los contextos de consumo en los que se desarrolla la narrativa de los videojuegos a traves del estudio y la seleccion de casos (Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: A Tief’s End) que demuestran que, el paisaje urbano con el que se representan nuestras ciudades aparece como un contexto cargado de estereotipos donde la vida cotidiana tiene lugar. El foco de la investigacion esta en la representacion de la ciudad historica latinoamericana como un territorio modelado espacialmente y estereotipada como un contexto narrativo jugable. No es importante determinar si la historia se desarrolla dentro de un espacio comercial, sino proponer la idea transversal de que los contextos de consumo que estructuran dichos paisajes y que determinan las logicas culturales donde se desarrolla la trama. Los paisajes de consumo son la construccion espacial, cultural e historica (al mismo tiempo) que da sentido a la narrativa y representa una realidad aumentada de nuestras ciudades: extensa, inmersiva y sugerente, pero tambien perversa. EnglishThe consumption landscape refers to the context in which the daily basic needs of a society are determined. The small store in the neighborhood and the street market are architectural structures or urban spaces which shape the lives of cities as we know them today. Shopping centres are the evolution of these building formats and can characterize contemporary life. The exercise proposed by this article is to review the condition of the contexts of consumption in which the narrative of video games are developed through the study and selection of cases (Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: A Thief’s End). These demonstrate that the urban landscape with which our cities are represented appears as scenarios loaded with stereotypes. The emphasis of this research is on the representation of the historical Latin American city as a spatially modelled and stereotyped territory where the narrative is contextualized. This article does not focus on how the story develops within a commercial space but instead proposes a transversal idea that the consumption contexts are landscapes determined by cultural logics where the plot occurs. Consumption landscapes are the simultaneous spatial, cultural and historical constructions that give meaning to a narrative and represent an augmented reali","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44477473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}