Culture & History Digital Journal最新文献_第2页

From arsenic to DDT: Pesticides, Fascism and the invisibility of toxic risks in the early years of Francoist Spain (1939-1953) 从砷到滴滴涕：法国主义西班牙早年的农药、法西斯主义和有毒风险的隐形（1939-1953）

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.004

Silvia Pérez-Criado, J. R. Bertomeu Sánchez

{"title":"From arsenic to DDT: Pesticides, Fascism and the invisibility of toxic risks in the early years of Francoist Spain (1939-1953)","authors":"Silvia Pérez-Criado, J. R. Bertomeu Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the way in which Spanish agriculture climbed onto the pesticide treadmill. We claim that Fascist policies and expert advice assembled in the early 1940s accelerated the introduction of pesticides into Spanish agriculture and promoted the emergence of the Spanish pesticide industry in the times of autarky. Agricultural engineers were the key protagonists in this process, but other human and non-human actors also played a pivotal role: a new pest (the Colorado beetle), Francoist politicians, farmers, landowners and industry managers. Our focus is on the use of pesticides against the Colorado beetle (the main threat to the potato crop), and the transition from arsenical pesticides to DDT during the 1940s. We discuss how the politics of autarky offered new opportunities for developing agronomic programmes and the chemical industry and led to the creation of the Register of Pesticides in 1942. We also discuss the role of these regulations in concealing the risks of pesticides from farmers and food consumers. Arsenic pesticides became sources of slow poisoning and tools for social control while reinforcing the alliance of agricultural engineers and Fascist politicians in their autarkic and authoritarian projects. When DDT arrived in Spain, the agricultural engineers praised the low toxicity it had demonstrated (compared to lead arsenate) in its first uses in public health and in military campaigns in Italy. Indeed, the data concerning its potential dangers disappeared from view thanks in part to a large multimedia campaign launched to promote the introduction of the new organic pesticides in Spanish agriculture, which is described at the end of","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43153595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The cultural significance of physics and evolution in Francoist Spain: continuity and development in the autarchic period 西班牙法语国家物理学与进化论的文化意义：自主权时期的延续与发展

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.003

Clara Florensa, Xavier Roqué

{"title":"The cultural significance of physics and evolution in Francoist Spain: continuity and development in the autarchic period","authors":"Clara Florensa, Xavier Roqué","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2021.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2021.003","url":null,"abstract":"Science took on several distinct uses and meanings under Francoism. It was exhibited as a token of intellectual prowess, deployed as a mighty diplomatic tool, applied as a resource for industry, and invoked in support of National Catholicism. However, in order to successfully fulfill all these roles, science had first to be cleansed and purified, for it was historically bound to materialism, atheism, and positivism. Physics had developed a mechanical worldview that precluded spiritual agency, and the theory of evolution had deprived man of his privileged place in nature. Could these developments be reversed? Classical physics would not easily serve the needs of the new National Catholic state, but modern physics might do, acting as a model and a tool for biological reasoning. In this paper we describe the various attempts by Spanish scientists, philosophers, and intellectuals to enlist modern physics and a revised version of evolution in the construction of the new regime. They strove to show their spiritual value, to sever them from a soul-less modernity, and to reinstate them within a grand universal Catholic tradition. We discuss the import of their arguments for the simultaneous debates about time, space, matter, life, and evolution, exploring the affinities and tensions between the inert and the living world.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front-page illustrations and political powers in Early Modern Spanish journalism 西班牙近代早期新闻的头版插图与政治权力

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.012

Carmen Espejo-Cala, Francisco Baena Sánchez

{"title":"Front-page illustrations and political powers in Early Modern Spanish journalism","authors":"Carmen Espejo-Cala, Francisco Baena Sánchez","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2021.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2021.012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the representation of political powers in the front-page illustrations of Early Modern Spanish newspapers. The knowledge about Early Modern European journalism has undergone a remarkable development in recent decades: however, research on the form of the first newspapers is scarce. The paper presents a corpus of 162 news pamphlets and gazettes published in Seville between 1618 and 1635. An analysis follows considering the presence of engravings on the cover page and their classification. This insight leads to the conclusion that the image did not play a decisive role to draw the attention of readers, even in sensationalist news pamphlets. The illustration is used not to present the events narrated but to stress the genre of the print; about half of the corpus prints have a cover engraving that reproduces a coat of arms, associated with the monarchical power in two thirds of the news sheets: Spanish journalism experienced a growing officialization, prior to the appearance of the first official newspaper of the kingdom, Gazeta Nueva (1661). Also, a small group of news sheets with ecclesiastical or nobiliary coat of arms reveals the interest of local powers in the flourishing of the journalistic market","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“The Faustian spirit of the technical world”. Mental illness and cultural criticism in Franco’s Spain "技术世界的浮士德精神"佛朗哥统治下的西班牙的精神疾病和文化批判

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.007

E. Novella

引用次数: 0

Constructing “Pure” and “Applied” Science in Early Francoism 建构早期佛朗哥主义的“纯粹”与“应用”科学

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.002

Agustí Nieto-Galan

引用次数: 1

Atomic Routes and Cultures for a New Narrative on Franco’s Regime 弗朗哥政权新叙事的原子路线与文化

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.005

Ana Romero de Pablos

引用次数: 0

Racism, Hispanidad and social hierarchy in medicalpsychiatric thought during early Francoism. The work by Misael Bañuelos (1936-1941) 佛朗哥主义早期精神医学思想中的种族主义、西班牙裔和社会等级。Misael的作品Bañuelos (1936-1941)

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.006

Ricardo Campos

引用次数: 0

Deans of humanitarianism and perfidy. The collaboration of the Diplomatic Missions of Argentina and Chile with the Francoist cause during the Spanish Civil War (and after), 1936-1969 人道主义和背信弃义的院长。1936-1969年西班牙内战期间（及其后）阿根廷和智利外交使团与法语国家事业的合作

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.010

Carlos Píriz

{"title":"Deans of humanitarianism and perfidy. The collaboration of the Diplomatic Missions of Argentina and Chile with the Francoist cause during the Spanish Civil War (and after), 1936-1969","authors":"Carlos Píriz","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"During the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, some thirty Diplomatic Missions opened their doors and create new sites for the reception of persecution victims under the protection of the right of asylum. However, beyond the humanitarian role, a tendentious collaboration of some of their delegates with the rebels could be seen from the beginning. Argentina and Chile, which held the Diplomatic Deanship in those years, were two prime examples of this. A good number of their representatives used various strategies to help the coup plotters of 1936, such as the refuge, care and irregular extraction of people or espionage. At the same time, they played a role that alternated between searching for consensus with other Diplomatic Missions (mainly the Latin American ones), which really meant demanding that those other legations follow their lead, and denouncing the excesses of the consolidated republican rearguard, especially on the international scene. A situation which tarnishes the image of the legitimate Spanish governments. Once the contest ended, many of those collaborators were praised and rewarded by the Franco regime, and other fascists regimes. This research focuses on demonstrating, based on original documentation and providing new and compelling data, that close (and proven) relationship.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42372356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between modernity and tradition: the formation of a psychoanalytical culture during the Franco dictatorship 在现代与传统之间：佛朗哥独裁时期精神分析文化的形成

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.008

Silvia Lévy Lazcano

引用次数: 0

Institutionalizing cultural Europeanism: between transnationalism and national identity (1948-1954) 文化欧化的制度化：跨民族主义与民族认同之间（1948-1954）

IF 0.3 4区历史学

Culture & History Digital Journal Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3989/CHDJ.2021.009

Luis Domínguez Castro, José Ramón Rodríguez Lago

引用次数: 0