西班牙法语国家物理学与进化论的文化意义:自主权时期的延续与发展

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Clara Florensa, Xavier Roqué
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在弗朗哥主义下,科学有了几种不同的用法和含义。它被展示为智慧的象征,被用作强大的外交工具,被用作工业资源,并被用来支持国家天主教。然而,为了成功地完成所有这些角色,科学必须首先被清洗和净化,因为它在历史上与唯物主义、无神论和实证主义联系在一起。物理学发展了一种排除了精神力量的机械世界观,而进化论剥夺了人类在自然界中的特权地位。这些发展能否逆转?古典物理学不容易满足新国家天主教国家的需要,但现代物理学可能可以,作为生物推理的模型和工具。在本文中,我们描述了西班牙科学家、哲学家和知识分子在新政权建设中争取现代物理学和进化论修订版的各种尝试。他们努力展示他们的精神价值,将他们从没有灵魂的现代性中分离出来,并在一个伟大的普世天主教传统中恢复他们。我们讨论了他们的论点对时间、空间、物质、生命和进化的同时辩论的重要性,探索了惰性世界和生命世界之间的联系和紧张关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The cultural significance of physics and evolution in Francoist Spain: continuity and development in the autarchic period
Science took on several distinct uses and meanings under Francoism. It was exhibited as a token of intellectual prowess, deployed as a mighty diplomatic tool, applied as a resource for industry, and invoked in support of National Catholicism. However, in order to successfully fulfill all these roles, science had first to be cleansed and purified, for it was historically bound to materialism, atheism, and positivism. Physics had developed a mechanical worldview that precluded spiritual agency, and the theory of evolution had deprived man of his privileged place in nature. Could these developments be reversed? Classical physics would not easily serve the needs of the new National Catholic state, but modern physics might do, acting as a model and a tool for biological reasoning. In this paper we describe the various attempts by Spanish scientists, philosophers, and intellectuals to enlist modern physics and a revised version of evolution in the construction of the new regime. They strove to show their spiritual value, to sever them from a soul-less modernity, and to reinstate them within a grand universal Catholic tradition. We discuss the import of their arguments for the simultaneous debates about time, space, matter, life, and evolution, exploring the affinities and tensions between the inert and the living world.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
审稿时长
48 weeks
期刊介绍: Culture & History Digital Journal features original scientific articles and review articles, aimed to contribute to the methodological debate among historians and other scholars specialized in the fields of Human and Social Sciences, at an international level. Using an interdisciplinary and transversal approach, this Journal poses a renovation of the studies on the past, relating them and dialoguing with the present, breaking the traditional forms of thinking based on chronology, diachronic analysis, and the classical facts and forms of thinking based exclusively on textual and documental analysis. By doing so, this Journal aims to promote not only new subjects of History, but also new forms of addressing its knowledge.
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