Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Modern Imaging Technologies of Mast Cells for Biology and Medicine (Review).","authors":"I P Grigorev, D E Korzhevskii","doi":"10.17691/stm2021.13.4.10","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2021.13.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mast cells play an important role in the body defense against allergens, pathogens, and parasites by participating in inflammation development. However, there is evidence for their contributing to the pathogenesis of a number of atopic, autoimmune, as well as cardiovascular, oncologic, neurologic, and other diseases (allergy, asthma, eczema, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, mastocytosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases, migraine, etc.). The diagnosis of many diseases and the study of mast cell functions in health and disease require their identification; so, the knowledge on adequate imaging techniques for mast cells in humans and different species of animals is of particular importance. The present review summarizes the data on major methods of mast cell imaging: enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, as well as histochemistry using histological stains. The main histological stains bind to heparin and other acidic mucopolysaccharides contained in mast cells and stain them metachromatically. Among these are toluidine blue, methylene blue (including that contained in May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain), thionin, pinacyanol, and others. Safranin and fluorescent dyes: berberine and avidin - also bind to heparin. Longer staining with histological dyes or alcian blue staining is needed to label mucosal and immature mast cells. Advanced techniques - enzyme histochemistry and especially immunohistochemistry - enable to detect mast cells high-selectively using a reaction to tryptases and chymases (specific proteases of these cells). In the immunohistochemical study of tryptases and chymases, species-specific differences in the distribution of the proteases in mast cells of humans and animals should be taken into account for their adequate detection. The immunohistochemical reaction to immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI) and c-kit receptor is not specific to mast cells, although the latter is important to demonstrate their proliferation in normal and malignant growth. Correct fixation of biological material is also discussed in the review as it is of great significance for histochemical and immunohistochemical mast cell detection. Fluorescent methods of immunohistochemistry and a multimarker analysis in combination with confocal microscopy are reported to be new technological approaches currently used to study various mast cell populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"13 4","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8482833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39482669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Two-Layer Porous Scaffold Based on Porcine Nasal Septal Cartilage for Orthopedics.","authors":"N Yu Ignatieva,&nbsp;O L Zakharkina,&nbsp;E A Sergeeva,&nbsp;N B Serezhnikova,&nbsp;A L Faizullin,&nbsp;A B Shekhter","doi":"10.17691/stm2021.13.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2021.13.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to design a construct based on a nasal septal cartilage plate providing required cell differentiation in different layers to replace a deep osteochondral defect and develop an algorithm of chemical and physical effect sequence to create non-immunogenic two-layer porous structure with requisite elasto-mechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The plates derived from porcine nasal septal hyaline cartilage covered by perichondrium were multi-stage treated including freezing, equilibrating in a hypotonic saline solution (type I specimens); trypsinization, point IR-laser effect, re-trypsinization (type II specimens); a stabilizing effect of crosslinking agents - glyceraldehyde/ribose in an acidic medium - washing (type III specimens).For all type specimens:there were established stability parameters (collagen denaturation temperature using a thermal analysis; and Young's modulus using a mechanical analysis);there were determined morphological characteristics using light and polarization microscopy with classical staining and nonlinear optical microscopy in second-harmonic generation mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties in type I specimens slightly differed from those of the initial nasoseptal system. A considerable part of cells had destroyed membranes.In type II specimens, thermal stability of collagen frame was significantly lower; Young's modulus decreased more than fourfold compared to type I specimens. Collagen structure of hyaline cartilage appeared to be disarranged, although the morphological differences of the hyaline part and perichondrium preserved. The construct matrix was almost completely decellularized. Successive exposure to laser radiation and trypsin resulted in the formation of partial holes in the matrix, ~100 μm in diameter.In type III specimens, both the thermal stability of the collagen frame and Young's modulus (E) increased. Glyceraldehyde was more effective than ribose, E having reached the value typical for intact hyaline cartilage. Collagen fibers in type III specimens were thicker than in type I and II specimens. The morphological differences of the hyaline part and perichondrium and partial holes were preserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to sequential treatment by salts, trypsin, IR-laser radiation, and nontoxic crosslinking agents, nasal septal cartilage plate forms porous acellular construction consisting of two layers formed by type I (from perichondrium) and type II (from hyaline part) collagen fibers. In the present construction, stability, mechanical properties, and size of the partial holes can be assigned for cell colonization. It enables to use the construction to replace articular cartilage defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"13 4","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8482829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39483672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Aberrant Neuroplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Review).","authors":"A A Anashkina,&nbsp;E I Erlykina","doi":"10.17691/stm2021.13.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2021.13.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents the analysis and systematization of modern data on the molecular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) development. Polyetiology and the multifactorial nature of ASD have been proved. The attempt has been made to jointly review and systematize current hypotheses of ASD pathogenesis at the molecular level from the standpoint of aberrant brain plasticity. The mechanism of glutamate excitotoxicity formation, the effect of imbalance of neuroactive amino acids and their derivatives, neurotransmitters, and hormones on the ASD formation have been considered in detail. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed hypotheses have been analyzed from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. The conclusion has been drawn on the leading role of glutamate excitotoxicity as a biochemical mechanism of aberrant neuroplasticity accompanied by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mechanism of aberrant neuroplasticity has also been traced at the critical moments of the nervous system development taking into account the influence of various factors of the internal and external environment. New approaches to searching for ASD molecular markers have been considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"78-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8353687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39428367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical Illness (Review).","authors":"Y Y Kiryachkov,&nbsp;S A Bosenko,&nbsp;B G Muslimov,&nbsp;M V Petrova","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the brain in sepsis can cause severe systemic inflammation and even death. Numerous data confirmed the role of ANS dysfunction in the occurrence, course, and outcome of systemic sepsis. The parasympathetic part of the ANS modifies the inflammation through cholinergic receptors of internal organs, macrophages, and lymphocytes (the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway). The sympathetic part of ANS controls the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes by influencing β2-adrenergic receptors, causing the activation of intracellular genes encoding the synthesis of cytokines (anti-inflammatory beta2-adrenergic receptor interleukin-10 pathway, β2AR-IL-10). The interaction of ANS with infectious agents and the immune system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis or the appearance of a critical generalized infection. During inflammation, the ANS participates in the inflammatory response by releasing sympathetic or parasympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It is extremely important to determine the functional state of the ANS in critical conditions, since both cholinergic and sympathomimetic agents can act as either anti- or pro-inflammatory stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39637500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Trends in the Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia as a Method for Neuroprotection in Brain Damage (Review).","authors":"E Sh Usmanov,&nbsp;M A Chubarova,&nbsp;Sh Kh Saidov","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review analyzes current clinical studies on the use of therapeutic hypothermia as a neuroprotective method for treatment of brain damage. This method yields good outcomes in patients with acute brain injuries and chronic critical conditions. There has been shown the interest of researchers in studying the preventive potential of therapeutic hypothermia in secondary neuronal damage. There has been described participation of new molecules producing positive effect on tissues and cells of the central nervous system - proteins and hormones of cold stress - in the mechanisms of neuroprotection in the brain. The prospects of using targeted temperature management in treatment of brain damage are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 5","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39638376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exact Definition of the Boundary between the Rapid and Slow Ejection Phases on ECGs and Accurate Location of the j Point.","authors":"O K Voronova,&nbsp;V A Zernov,&nbsp;M Yu Rudenko","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to describe the boundary between the phases of rapid and slow ejection in the cardiac cycle and to define the exact location of the j point on ECGs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The work is based on the theory of heart cycle phase analysis using mathematical equations of hemodynamics. The balance of phase diastolic and systolic blood volumes depending on the duration of the cardiac cycle phases has been verified by these equations. The interrelation of phase duration and phase blood volumes was employed to exactly define the cardiac cycle boundaries on ECGs. Synchronous recording of the ECG and rheogram was used to determine the precise location of the j point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exact boundary between the phases of rapid and slow ejection has been defined. A new point L determining the boundary between SL-Lj phases was introduced for its designation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The j point was previously considered to be part of an ECG depending on the body temperature and which does not always appear. It had an ambiguous definition: Osborn wave or j wave. At the same time, the precise boundary between the rapid and slow ejection phases, the blood volumes of which in the total amount are equal to the blood stroke volume, has not been identified exactly. The work performed allows for accurate definition of criteria for recording rapid and slow ejection phases and j point location on the ECG.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39747792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Two-Stage Split Technique for Controlled Ridge Augmentation in Horizontally Atrophic Posterior Mandible: the First Stage of Research.","authors":"A I Korsakova,&nbsp;I A Zhadobova,&nbsp;A S Klochkov,&nbsp;S A Durnovo,&nbsp;A V Kochubeynik,&nbsp;E A Durnovo","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various bone grafting methods are applied to eliminate horizontal atrophy of the jaws. However, problem complexity brings about ongoing research and development of new ways to achieve the predicted stable and long-term results of implantological treatment. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to evaluate the results of the developed method for bone grafting, a modified two-stage split technique for controlled ridge augmentation in horizontally atrophic posterior mandible, using radiological analysis data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group included 18 patients with horizontally atrophic posterior mandible. According to cone beam computed tomography, 39 jaw segments were assessed before plastic surgery and after applying the two-stage split-crest technique for controlled ridge augmentation. The alveolar ridge width was estimated in the area of its top and at a distance of 1, 3, 5 mm from it using the vector of future implant position and taking into account the angle of inclination of the atrophic region of the mandible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When analyzing edentulous areas in the posterior mandible before treatment, there was rather a large angle of lingual inclination of the alveolar ridge. After 6 months, the average increase in bone tissue width in the region of the alveolar ridge top was 82%, it was 50.6% at a height of 1 mm from the top of the crest, 58.8% at 3 mm height, 46.7% at 5 mm (p≤0.05). Certain patterns of bone tissue growth were revealed depending on the structure of the reconstructed area. The most significant results were obtained in the molar segments of the mandible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed modified two-stage split technique for alveolar ridge augmentation allows achieving the required volume of bone tissue in the posterior mandible for successful implant treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 4","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39747801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from Nature: Bacterial Spores as a Target for Current Technologies in Medicine (Review).","authors":"B G Andryukov,&nbsp;A A Karpenko,&nbsp;I N Lyapun","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The capability of some representatives of <i>Clostridium spp</i>. and <i>Bacillus spp</i>. genera to form spores in extreme external conditions long ago became a subject of medico-biological investigations. Bacterial spores represent dormant cellular forms of gram-positive bacteria possessing a high potential of stability and the capability to endure extreme conditions of their habitat. Owing to these properties, bacterial spores are recognized as the most stable systems on the planet, and spore-forming microorganisms became widely spread in various ecosystems. Spore-forming bacteria have been attracted increased interest for years due to their epidemiological danger. Bacterial spores may be in the quiescent state for dozens or hundreds of years but after they appear in the favorable conditions of a human or animal organism, they turn into vegetative forms causing an infectious process. The greatest threat among the pathogenic spore-forming bacteria is posed by the causative agents of anthrax (<i>B. anthracis</i>), food toxicoinfection (<i>B. cereus</i>), pseudomembranous colitis (<i>C. difficile</i>), botulism (<i>C. botulinum</i>), gas gangrene (<i>C. perfringens</i>). For the effective prevention of severe infectious diseases first of all it is necessary to study the molecular structure of bacterial spores and the biochemical mechanisms of sporulation and to develop innovative methods of detection and disinfection of dormant cells. There is another side of the problem: the necessity to investigate exo- and endospores from the standpoint of obtaining similar artificially synthesized models in order to use them in the latest medical technologies for the development of thermostable vaccines, delivery of biologically active substances to the tissues and intracellular structures. In recent years, bacterial spores have become an interesting object for the exploration from the point of view of a new paradigm of unicellular microbiology in order to study microbial heterogeneity by means of the modern analytical tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 3","pages":"105-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39637497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECG Dispersion Mapping in Preclinical Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"E Yu Esina,&nbsp;A A Zuikova,&nbsp;I S Dobrynina,&nbsp;V V Lyutov,&nbsp;V N Tsygan","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to develop a method for diagnosing pre-nosological changes in the electrophysiological state of the myocardium in patients with somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (SDANS) and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases using the ECG dispersion mapping method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 109 male patients, 58 of them with SDANS, and 51 were healthy subjects. The patients with SDANS had the following risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in decreasing order: stress (71% of cases), low physical activity (59%), smoking (57%), overweight and obesity (43%), anxiety (41%), low consumption of vegetables and fruit (36%), lack of extra aerobic physical activity (36%), excessive alcohol consumption (34%), depression (26%), total cholesterol ≥5 mmol/L (23%), and heart rate ≥80 (9% of the cases). All the subjects underwent clinical examination, laboratory investigation, ECG, ECG dispersion mapping, heart rate variability monitoring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the method of ECG dispersion mapping allowed a way for diagnosing pre-nosological changes in the electrophysiological state of the myocardium in male patients with SDANS, the basis of the pathogenesis of which is formed by the tension of the regulatory systems. Correlation between the total score according to the developed method, the RRNN value after 4 min of staying in orthostasis, and the \"Myocardium\" integral index has been proved. The diagnostic sensitivity of the proposed method with a threshold score of 8 was 80%, specificity - 70.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method for assessing pre-nosological changes in the electrophysiological state of the myocardium which includes cardiovascular risk factors with a reclassifying potential, proves the development of pre-nosological changes in patients with SDANS in response to daily physical strain. The changes are associated with the tension of the electrophysiological state of the myocardium, an increased activity of the sympathetic division of the ANS being one of its pathogenetic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 5","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39638375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Capabilities of Islet Autoantibodies in Children with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Siblings.","authors":"K G Korneva,&nbsp;L G Strongin,&nbsp;E V Kolbasina,&nbsp;M V Budylina,&nbsp;N V Makeeva,&nbsp;V E Zagainov","doi":"10.17691/stm2020.12.6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.6.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is to determine the diagnostic utility of several islet autoantibodies and their combinations in order to identify individuals susceptible to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among healthy siblings in the pediatric population within the scope of the development of a screening program.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 424 children were evaluated, 260 children with new-onset T1DM and 164 healthy children with brothers and/or sisters with T1DM.Blood tests for a complex of autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), pancreatic β-cells (ICA), and glutamate decarboxylase (GADA) were conducted in all the subjects with the enzyme immunoassay method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the diagnostic utility of individual autoantibodies is not equal and varies with age. The optimal age groups for the immunological control of the risks of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings were determined. The highest risks were noted with the combination of GADA, ZnT8A, and IA-2A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Islet autoantibodies may serve as prognostic markers of the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in healthy siblings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51886,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye Tehnologii v Medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39726419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}