Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations最新文献

{"title":"Current issues of national healthcare assessment for biological threats preparedness (literature review)","authors":"S. Orlov, O. Y. Aleksandrova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-108-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-108-117","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Biological threats regularly challenge national healthcare, thus becoming a most critical problem that impedes successful performance. New biological agents with high infectivity and potency have promoted a review of approaches to medical care management, as well as changes in the fundaments of medical infrastructure in order to ensure healthcare readiness to provide a timely and adequate response to emerging challenges. Meanwhile, a clear definition, as well as understanding of specific prerequisites to such biological threats readiness in healthcare is still missing in either international or domestic publications in research journals.The objective is to provide a systemic overview of the problems and approaches to national health assessment for biological threats preparedness.Methods. The analytical review of international and Russian publications was performed using the PRISMA checklist, content analysis, and expert review of the most informative publications on the dedicated research. VOSviewer 1.6.20 – the software tool for bibliometric networks construction and visualization – allowed to highlight the most frequent key terms and concepts used by fellow investigators to characterize the impact of biological threats on public health and healthcare overall, as well as healthcare planning and other activities performed by medical organizations.Results and discussion. The paper presents the results of the content analysis and expert review of 29 most meaningful international and Russian publications with a focus on key parameters determining the healthcare readiness to respond to biological threats. The 7 key areas that determine healthcare readiness for biological threats include planning, hospital activities design and organization, reserves potential, effective communication, medical personnel training, timely and accurate medical care, sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, and compliance with standard operating procedures.Conclusions. Classification of challenges in healthcare readiness usually considers a limited number of specific activities within medical organizations and available resources. Currently, there are no integral common methods for comprehensive verification of activities to counter biological threats in healthcare, especially in medical organizations providing medical care in inpatient settings. Healthcare preparedness assessment to respond effectively to biological threats requires further study, considering the ongoing development of various functional frameworks.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing professional motivation in students mastering the profession of rescue technician","authors":"A. V. Sokolovskaya, O. V. Kazaeva, E. E. Gruzdev","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-72-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-72-77","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The profession of rescuer is currently one of the most demanded due to increased number and severity of emergency and disaster consequences. Professional success is preconditioned by comprehensive knowledge, solid skills, strong motivation and awareness of essential professional prerequisites.The objective is to analyze the study motivation in college students mastering the program “Protection in emergency situations” across different years of study, with a focus on academic achievements.Methods. Study motivation was assessed using the method developed by Tatyana I. Ilyina among the 2nd to 4th year college students; students’ academic performance was analyzed as well.Results. The assessment of motivation showed that students are actively and persistently striving to master their professional abilities and skills throughout the studies. Motivation was high among students of the 2nd year (74.7 %), the 3rd year (66.3%), and the 4th year (67.1 %). However, some students apply efforts in their studies in order to obtain a formal degree. In some cases, for example, no statistically reliable correlation was revealed between academic achievements and motivation to acquire knowledge, while showing positive correlations between motivation to master a profession and obtaining a degree.Conclusion. Improvements in students’ professional motivation throughout their studies is a prerequisite for successful academic performance, allowing to nurture motivated and committed professionals in general.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"76 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal determinants of extreme phenomena mental positioning","authors":"T. M. Krasnianskaya, V. G. Tylets, V. Iokhvidov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-56-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-56-64","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The relevance of the study is justified by the demand to identify personal determinants of individual perception of extreme manifestations in order to improve the efficiency of response.The objective is to establish the determining parameters based on a set of psychological characteristics, reflecting the subject’s mental positioning in the security setting of what they consider major extreme phenomena.Methods. The respondents included 112 students aged 19 to 21 years studying in Moscow and regional universities. Research methods included associative experiment, individual scaling, and HEXACO-PI-R-60 questionnaire testing. Empirical data was processed by calculation of mean values, percentage distribution, ranking, as well as methods of correlation, factor and regression analysis, and the Pearson’s chi-squared test.Results and analysis. From the individual perspective, extreme scenarios are associated with specific phenomena that differ in stereotyping and objectivity (danger, threat, risk/riskiness, complexity, fear, strangeness, extreme, catastrophe, extreme, horror/ awful, threshold, implausibility, maximalism / maximality, ingenuity, extraordinary, murder, excessive demand, fire, flood, cold, accident, snowfall, heat). Considering the differences in the assessments on danger/safety scale, the structure of extreme phenomena includes such components as “catastrophe”, “emergency”, “threat”, and “risk”. The respondents’ mind positions the structural components of extreme scenarios by the degree of danger/safety, thus producing the following sequence: disaster – threat – emergency – risk, ranging them from “highly dangerous and unsafe” to “safe”. Individual characteristics of high reliability level contribute differently to individual assessment of the structural components constituting extreme phenomena in terms of the degree of danger/safety. Regression models were used to analyze the students’ danger/safety assessment of the structural components based on particular personality traits. The result showed that emotions, awareness, and preparedness to acquire experience contributed most significantly to the assessment of extreme phenomena in terms of danger/safety.Conclusion. It is well known, that emotions play a key role in an individual’s ability to assess the level of danger/safety with regard to various extreme phenomena. This evidence makes it a critical imperative to develop individual emotional self-regulation abilities. In particular, nurturing the necessary ability in the promising representatives of extreme professions requires specific focus.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Russian regional draft commission report on quality control efforts regarding medical examination of conscripts","authors":"S. Kuzmin, L. Grigorieva","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In Russian constituents, draft commissions play the leading role in providing medical services to individuals preparing for military service.The objective of the study is to analyze activities of a regional draft commission located in the Orenburg region with a specific focus on quality control during medical examination of conscripts.Methods. The study relied on reports and records of the Military Medical Expertise Center at the Federal Budgetary Institution “Military Commissariat of the Orenburg Region” throughout 2012 to 2021 timespan.Results and analysis. Within the analyzed 10 year’s timespan the number of conscripts in the Orenburg region decreased by 11.6 %. However, the number of individuals fit for military service (categories “A”+”B”) remained relatively unchanged, e.g. 14058 individuals in 2012 and 14837 in 2021 (except years 2013 and 2014 with 12494 and 12880 individuals in this category, respectively). The ratio between the individuals potentially fit for military service to those actually deployed indicates the rate of conscription withdrawal rate. In 2020 the conscription withdrawal rate was at its minimum value of 26.7 %, reaching its maximum value of 38.8 % in 2013. Within the timespan under study, 47500 individuals residing in the region were conscribed for combat deployment. Following medical examination, 1793 (3.8 %) applicants were withdrawn from conscription as unfit for military service. Within the first three months of military service, 29 (0.06 %) military personnel were dismissed from service for health reasons and general disease diagnosis. Some 52.200 individuals were deferred or exempted from the military draft (fitness categories for military service “B”, “G”, “D”), of which 28200 (54.1 %) were called for a medical revision examination. 2536 citizens were recognized as appropriate for military service (suitability categories “A” + “B”), amounting to 10.1 % of the arrived conscripts.Conclusion. Timely medical examinations of individuals upon conscription for military service, as well as medical and recreational activities for conscripts depend on the due and well-coordinated operation of regional conscription commissions. Under the resolution of the President of Russia on efforts to increase the corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, more extensive resources of potential military culture scripts are required.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrorism and its global biomedical consequences (2011 to 2020)","authors":"V. I. Evdokimov, N. S. Shulenin","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-14-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-14-33","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Global terrorist activity is still far from decreasing, demanding extra studies regarding the risk indicators and compelling the countries to unite their efforts to combat terrorism across the world.The study objective is to analyze worldwide biomedical consequences of terrorism from 2011 to 2020 in order to optimize counterterrorism activities.Methods. The study analyzed global indicators of terrorist activities collected in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) [https://www.start.umd.edu/]. The analyses focused on structure, dynamics and risks regarding fatalities and casualties (injuries) of terrorist attacks (TAs), including by type of attack, weapon, and incident location. The risk analysis focused on the risk of being affected by terrorist attack (death or injury) per 1 million of global population (Ч10-6). Mean data, the upper and lower quartiles, and the median were calculated (Me [Q1; Q3]).Results and analysis. From 2011 to 2020 the world’s annual average number of TAs was 110 thousand, or 10.7 [8.5; 14.1] thousand, with 25.8 thousand, or 23.1 [20.4; 35.3] thousand of people killed and 28.4 thousand, or 25.5 [18.8; 40.6] thousand of people affected. The polynomial trendlines for these indicators are inverted U-curves, showing less data in the latest observation period. TAs without biomedical consequences account for about 50%. However, the most severe medical and biological consequences were associated with the use of explosives and firearms, responsible for 84.4 % of all deaths and 91.4 % of all injuries. Massive sanitary losses associated with this type of TAs are a major challenge for medical care providers. 91.4 % of all TAs targeted military personnel, police officers, individual residents (or bystanders), government and business officials, responsible for 86.8% of all deaths and 84.2 % of all injuries. These population cohorts were in the risk groups for terrorism. The average individual risk of TA exposure among the world population stood at 1.49 • 10–6 incidents/(person • year), with the risk of death 3.49 • 10–6 deaths/(person • year) and trauma (injury) 3.87 • 10–6 injuries/(person • year). Meanwhile, according to the calculations by the International Labour Organization, the global average annual risk of death due to occupational injury for the same timespan (2011–2020) was by factors higher and amounted to (3.83 ± 0.13) • 10–4 deaths/(person • year).Conclusion. Terrorism is pursuing social instability, intimidation, and engulfing panic among the population, rather than medical and biological consequences. Considering that terrorism is impossible to eradicate completely across the world, it can be minimized by optimizing counterterrorism activities, based on TA weapon information or incident location.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopsychosocial markers of post-traumatic stress disorder in combatants","authors":"P. V. Sakovich, E. Ichitovkina, A. G. Soloviev, M. Zlokazova, S. Zhernov, I. Novikova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-50-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-50-55","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Military personnel combat stress disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), arising from the impact of the stress combat situation factors on the psyche, lead to social maladaptation and decreased combat capacity. Timely diagnosis and further prevention of various stress-associated mental disorders helps to avoid progression into a chronic disease and concomitant psychosomatic pathologies.The objective is to identify PTSD biopsychosocial markers in combatants.Methods. Clinical psychopathological examination, biochemical and chemical toxicity studies (CTI) were conducted to identify metabolites of psychoactive substances. 85 male officers of the Russian Guard were examined following up to 90 day’s deployment in the combat zone in 2022–2023; those were split into Group I (38 individuals who underwent outpatient treatment for PTSD (F43.1), average age (28.4 ± 2.2) years and service experience (2.9 ± 1.4) years) and Group II (47 individuals with no diagnosed mental disorders, average age (29.2 ± 2.1) years and service experience (3.1 ± 1.2) years).Results and discussion. The two groups revealed significant differences for all test parameters, i.e. PTSD risk, anxiety and depression levels. The group that included combatants seeking psychiatric aid demonstrated remarkably higher levels, revealing positive reliable correlations between PTSD and biochemical parameters, ethyl glucuronide, testosterone and midnight cortisol.Conclusion. Taking into account specific social and political settings, as well as the scale and intensity of military action, further improvement is demanded in the examination of combatants using multiaxial biopsychosocial framework of markers, including both clinical and psychological screening, as well as chemical, toxicological and biochemical studies, as prescribed by the regulation of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, is necessary to change. Considering the elevated values obtained by the TSQ and HADS questionnaires, the additional markers of PTSD development in combat officers may include elevated testosterone, midnight cortisol, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, as well as the ethyl glucuronide and benzodiazepines in biological samples.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 62","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamins D and B12, homocysteine and laboratory markers of chronic atrophic gastritis in Chernobyl liquidators with metabolic syndrome","authors":"S. Aleksanin, N. A. Alkhutova, N. A. Kovyazina, V. Y. Ribnikov, M. P. Boyarkina, M. J. Frolova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-05-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-05-13","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. An in-depth examination of Chernobyl liquidators treated at the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine showed a higher incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis versus the comparison group. When combined with metabolic syndrome, the disease has vague and diverse clinical manifestations. Due to poor compliance among patients regarding invasive diagnostic procedures and elevated risk of chronic atrophic gastritis progressing into gastric adenocarcinoma, an extensive laboratory assessment is required to understand the grade of disorder in Chernobyl liquidators with metabolic syndrome.The study objective is to identify laboratory markers responsible for the chronic atrophic gastritis and metabolic syndrome comorbidity development in Chernobyl liquidatorsMethods. 97 male Chernobyl liquidators were divided into two groups – with and without metabolic syndrome. Pepsinogen-I, pepsinogen-II, gastrin-17 and H. pylori-IgG concentration in blood plasma was assessed quantitatively using enzyme immunoassay with “Gastropanel” (BIOHIT, Finland) reagent system in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. Serum vitamin D (Access 2, Beckman Coulter, USA), vitamin B12 (UniCel DXi, Beckman Coulter, USA) and homocysteine (Immulite 2000 XPI, Siemens, USA) were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0.Results and discussion. In the presence of metabolic syndrome both in Chernobyl liquidators and the comparison group, laboratory assessment showed higher detection frequency of gastric mucosal atrophy. In Chernobyl liquidators, the combination of vitamin B 12 deficiency and metabolic syndrome was associated with a doubled blood level of gastrin-17, while the median concentration was four times higher than the upper reference limit. Pepsinogen I level was below 70 mcg/L in 57.1 % of cases with combined B 12 deficiency and metabolic syndrome. In 70 % of cases, Chernobyl liquidators with fundal chronic atrophic gastritis revealed a combination of disorders, namely: vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, pepsinogen I < 30 mcg/L, gastrin-17 > 30 pmol/L, pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II < 3. Moreover, Chernobyl liquidators with fundal chronic atrophic gastritis, showed vitamin D deficiency regardless of metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Vitamin D level in Chernobyl liquidators with antral chronic atrophic gastritis and without metabolic syndrome corresponded was within reference, while in the presence of metabolic syndrome, vitamin D level was close to deficiency.Conclusion. Laboratory findings demonstrate that in Chernobyl liquidators, metabolic syndrome and vitamin B12 deficiency are associated with a greater severity of atrophic changes in the stomach mucous membrane. This justifies the need for homocysteine, vitamins D and B12 lab tests to be included in the clinical and laboratory health monitoring of Chernobyl liquidators with combined metabolic syndrome and chronic atrophic gastr","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the psychological status of the EMERCOM of Russia State Fire Service employees in correlation with work experience","authors":"A. Pyatibrat, M. Sannikov, N. S. Tsikunova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-65-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-65-71","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Considering the modern geopolitical situation, the increased risk of terrorist attacks and large-scale disasters enforces more stringent requirements to the non-stop readiness to emergency response, overstretching efficiency parameters and stress tolerance in employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.The objective is to identify the indicators of professional psychological maturity among employees of the State Fire Service (GPS) of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.Methods. Using the Bass–Darky technique (BDHI), the WHOQOL-26 quality of life questionnaire and the Maslach burnout syndrome questionnaire (MBI), 182 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia were examined (98 individuals with work experience of 5 years and over and 84 individuals with work experience of 2 years or less); the control group included 122 individuals of non-extreme professions. The age of respondents ranged from 20 to 35 years. The survey data were verified for parameter distribution normality; arithmetic averages and standard deviations were calculated.Results and discussion. The performance of duties by firefighters in extreme scenarios (intense physical exertion and mental stress) may be associated with exhibiting negative personality manifestations, such as aggression, suspicion, hostility, psychological manifestations of professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced professional communication), decrease satisfaction with the quality of life. It turned out that firefighters with work experience of 5 years and over show a significantly higher rate of such manifestations and develop them faster than professionals doing other jobs.Conclusion. The conducted research shows the need for further studied regarding the psychological status of firefighters, especially after 5 years of professional experience.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"143 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment of patients with multiple rib fractures and flail chest","authors":"B. Mayorov, M. V. Isaev, I. G. Belen’kii, G. Sergeev, A. N. Tulupov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-42-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-42-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Chest injuries are top third by incidence among body injuries and second top among causes of death in trauma patients. Over the last two decades, a few publications by foreign and Russian investigators have studied the advantages of early surgical rib cage stabilization over conservative treatment. However, by now the efficacy of active surgical strategy has not been convincingly proven in multiple rib fractures, including the use of standard plate osteosynthesis for small segments, as well as absorbable pins.The study objective is to present early results of surgical treatment of multiple rib fractures and rib valve using standard 1/3 tubular and reconstruction plates and absorbable pins in level 1 and 2 trauma centers without a referral thoracic surgery department.Methods. The study included 26 patients who underwent surgical rib cage stabilization for multiple rib fractures and/or flail chest in 2018–2023. Those included 15 patients with polytrauma (ISS over 17 points), 5 patients with combined trauma (ISS under 17 points), and 6 patients with isolated chest trauma. One-stage fixation of 1 to 5 ribs was performed.Results and analysis. The overall median of hospital stay was 16.5 (min. 6 to max 50) days, ICU stay was 3 (0 to 25) days, days of ventilation support was 0 (0 to 18) days, and need for oxygen support was 0 (0 to 16) days. The mean pleural cavity drain duration was (8.1 ± 3.8) days. Respiratory complications were observed in 11 % of cases. In 8 % of cases tracheostomy was required.Discussion. Active surgical strategy with rib osteosynthesis allows to quickly and effectively stabilize the condition of patients with severe thoracic trauma. Standard osteosynthesis plates for small segments with angular stability screws allow to achieve fixation stability of damaged ribs, contributing to the restoration of normal chest excursion, better pain syndrome control and prevention of complications. More profound studies of conventional osteosynthesis and various subtypes are required in the future to compare between the results of different osteosynthesis methods, on the one hand, and the results of surgical and conservative treatment, on the other hand.Conclusion. Absorbable pins and standard osteosynthesis plates (rather than special ones) in rib fractures enable quick stabilization of patients with severe chest injury.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"77 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-disease detection of stress-associated disorders in combatants depending on professional activity profile","authors":"M. V. Dvinskikh, E. Ichitovkina, A. G. Soloviev, S. Zhernov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2023-0-4-83-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2023-0-4-83-89","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Combat stress and other forms of stress-associated mental disorders, as well as their consequences currently remain a most urgent issue in military personnel directly or indirectly involved in armed conflicts. Active deployment of weapons for remote destruction of manpower and infrastructure has caused qualitative transformations in the profile of medical casualties, thus becoming a powerful stress factor of intense psychological pressure on personnel. The fundamentally new nature of armed confrontations, which in many ways is incompatible with domestic experience acquired over the recent decades during local hostilities in the \"hot zones\", is gaining relevance, as well as effective prevention and treatment of health disorders associated with combat mental trauma in the personnel deployed in the special military operation. The objective is to identify pre-disease characteristics of stress-associated disorders in combatants, depending on their professional activity profile.Methods. We examined 209 males earlier deployed in combat zones. All the examined combatants were divided in three groups according to professional criteria: group 1 – employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (n = 71); group 2 – soldiers of the National Guard of Russia (the Rosgvardiya) (n = 70); group 3 – employees of the EMERCOM of Russia (n = 68). Clinical and psychopathological examination with prior blood chemistry and toxicological screening were conducted to identify metabolites of psychoactive substances.Results and discussion. Although the research showed an elevated risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in the combatants across all the three groups, employees of the EMERCOM of Russia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia demonstrated average stress coping ability, whereas soldiers of the National Guard of Russia showed higher levels of maladaptation and greater susceptibility to subclinical anxiety and depressive disorders. Combatants directly involved in combat operations often resort to alcohol or sedatives.Conclusion. Programs for medical and psychological rehabilitation implemented as part of psychological and psychiatric prevention efforts shall be adjusted to the combatants’ professional profile with a specific focus on the type of combat service duties.","PeriodicalId":518600,"journal":{"name":"Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"430 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}