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Valency-Changing Morphology in Lakurumau, a Western Oceanic Language of Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚西大洋语言lakumau的变价形态学
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0010
L. Mazzitelli
{"title":"Valency-Changing Morphology in Lakurumau, a Western Oceanic Language of Papua New Guinea","authors":"L. Mazzitelli","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper describes the valency-related morphology of Lakurumau, a previously undescribed Western Oceanic language, member of the Lavongai/Nalik language chain. The paper analyzes the function of valency-changing devices and their relation to the morphology reconstructed for Proto-Oceanic. Particular attention is dedicated to the unique phenomenon of phonetic alternations signaling (in)transitivity, as in the pair itak 'carve.intr'—itok 'carve.tr'. The unusual reflexes of Proto-Oceanic *-ani and *-akin[i], which have developed in Lakurumau into an applicative/transitivizer and a marker of intransitivity respectively, are also discussed, as well as the impersonal construction based on the suffix -an (from a possible Proto-Oceanic passive *-an). The data from Lakurumau are also compared, when possible, to those from the other Lavongai/Nalik languages.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Derived Intransitive in Formosan and Its Implications for the Nature of Proto-Austronesian Actor Voice 台湾派生不及物语及其对原南岛语声性质的启示
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0006
Victoria Chen
{"title":"The Derived Intransitive in Formosan and Its Implications for the Nature of Proto-Austronesian Actor Voice","authors":"Victoria Chen","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Many Philippine-type Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan possess an understudied agentless construction formed with a mu-marked bivalent verb. This construction raises theoretical issues because bivalent verbs otherwise require an overt agent, no matter the voice type of a predicate. In this paper I demonstrate that the prefix sequence mu- consists of an Actor Voice (AV) affix m- and an agent/cause-eliminating valency-decreasing affix u-, which is likely to derive from a homophonous motion prefix prior to the split of Proto-Austronesian. The detransitivizer u-'s compatibility with AV-marked bivalent verbs in languages under seven different Austronesian primary branches, I argue, presents novel evidence against the antipassive view of prototypical AV constructions and lends new support to a transitive analysis, as derived intransitives such as antipassives are cross-linguistically incompatible with valency-decreasing operations. I argue accordingly that the ergative approach to prototypical Philippine-type languages is difficult to maintain.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Consonant Mutation in Southern Oceanic 南大洋的辅音变异
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0012
John Lynch
{"title":"Consonant Mutation in Southern Oceanic","authors":"John Lynch","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Verb-initial oral/nasal grade crossover has been documented for a range of languages in central Vanuatu. But relics of this crossover are found elsewhere in the Southern Oceanic subgroup, including in high-level reconstructed protolanguages. At the same time, similar crossover occurs initially in nouns in a number of languages, as does fortition (distinct from oral/nasal crossover) in verbs. This paper documents these cases and shows how the presence of a preceding nasal-initial morpheme accounts for crossover, while reduplication seems to account for non-nasal fortition.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47648786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Optimal Case Marking in Fore Fore中的最佳案例标记
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0007
Cj Donohue
{"title":"Optimal Case Marking in Fore","authors":"Cj Donohue","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper addresses a complex interaction of factors that underlie optional subject marking in Fore, a Papuan language, and proposes a formal model to account for this phenomenon. Fore is both head and dependent marking. When both arguments of a transitive verb are third person, there is a potential ambiguity as to the identity of the subject and object. To resolve this, NPs are added to the clause, and a few apparent strategies for distinguishing the core arguments are observed: these include appealing to a 'default' interpretation of higher animate as subject, lower animate as object, word order freezing, and, marginally, case marking. These phenomena have a natural explanation in terms of the markedness of associations between animacy and grammatical functions, but such functional explanations do not fit easily within traditional generative grammar.In this paper, I develop an account of these data that formalizes these intuitive explanations within Optimality Theory. I make use of harmonic alignment of universal prominence scales to define the contexts, 'floating' constraints to model the optionality of case marking, and use comprehension-directed bidirectional optimization to model the general interpretive principle of ambiguity avoidance, a critical component in modeling the Fore data.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48174833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to Comments on "The Resurrection of Proto-Philippines" 对“原菲律宾复活”评论的回应
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0020
Robert Blust
{"title":"Response to Comments on \"The Resurrection of Proto-Philippines\"","authors":"Robert Blust","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:I am grateful to the four colleagues who have expressed their views on my argument for the reality of PPH, and I wish we could have had a larger number of contributors, with somewhat shorter and more relevant commentary in some cases to provide space for others.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Encoding Emotions in Kuni, an Oceanic Language of Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚大洋洲语言库尼语的情感编码
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0004
Alan Jones
{"title":"Encoding Emotions in Kuni, an Oceanic Language of Papua New Guinea","authors":"Alan Jones","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Languages encode emotions in a wide variety of ways. The ways often vary between languages or between language areas, but the present paper shows that, even within a single language, different emotions may be obligatorily encoded in quite different ways. Thus, in Kuni, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea, certain emotions are encoded exclusively as monolexemic verbs, while others are represented, equally exclusively, by figurative noun–verb predications. Emotions of the latter type tend to be more richly lexicalized than those represented monolexemically, usually with alternative encodings available to speakers. In between these two contrasting categories lie two important emotions, love and anger, which can be encoded in either of the above ways. Using a 4,000-word mission dictionary dated 1937 as my corpus, I identify four sets of emotions on purely formal grounds, illustrating each set in turn. I then discuss the process of lexification (or univerbation) whereby some figurative predications were transformed into compound predicates and nouns. Finally, I speculate as to the sociocultural and interactional implications for speakers of the different possibilities for encoding emotion types.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ol.2020.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reduplicant Vowels in Truku Reduplication 特鲁库文重译中的重译元音
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0009
Hui-Shan Lin
{"title":"Reduplicant Vowels in Truku Reduplication","authors":"Hui-Shan Lin","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper examines the true nature of the reduplicant vowels in the two major types of reduplication in Truku, Cə- reduplication and CəCə- reduplication, which have been previously assumed to involve monosyllabic and disyllabic copying, respectively. The reduplicants of the two patterns (i.e., Cə- and CəCə-) contain schwas that are always considered as reduced vowels derived from the pretonic vowel reduction rule. Drawing evidence from three types of reduplication forms that have not been previously noticed/documented, that is, reduplication forms showing CəC- ∼CəCə- variation, as well as reduplication taking place on monosyllabic words and on CV.ʔ- initial words, this paper argues that the schwas in the reduplicants of the two reduplication patterns do not always come from vowel reduction. Although the first schwa in the CəCə-reduplicant does come from vowel reduction, the final schwas in the CəCə- and Cə- reduplicant are actually inserted vowels that function to break up CC clusters. The findings also show that Cə- reduplication only copies consonants from the Base. Therefore, Truku, just as Squliq Atayal, also involves bare consonant copying.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Kaili–Wolio Branch of the Celebic Languages 塞莱比克语的凯里-沃利奥语支
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0014
E. Zobel
{"title":"The Kaili–Wolio Branch of the Celebic Languages","authors":"E. Zobel","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this paper, I want to present evidence for a Kaili–Wolio subbranch of the Celebic branch of the Malayo–Polynesian subgroup. This proposal unites languages that were assigned to two subbranches of Celebic in previous classifications, viz. Kaili–Pamona and Wotu–Wolio. An outline of the phonological history from Proto Malayo–Polynesian to Proto Kaili–Wolio and its daughter languages is presented, together with an initial corpus of Proto Kaili–Wolio reconstructions.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact-Induced Change in Alorese Give-Constructions 接触诱导的孤龙给予结构的变化
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0008
F. Moro, H.L.A. Fricke
{"title":"Contact-Induced Change in Alorese Give-Constructions","authors":"F. Moro, H.L.A. Fricke","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article describes and compares give-constructions in three languages of eastern Indonesia, Lamaholot (Austronesian), Alorese (Austronesian), and Adang (Papuan), with the aim of detecting structural convergence in Alorese. Lamaholot and Alorese are closely related, while Alorese has undergone contact-induced change due to contact with Papuan languages spoken in close proximity, such as Adang. To investigate structural convergence, we systematically compare the types and frequencies of give-constructions in these three languages. The data were obtained by using a common set of eight visual stimuli. The results show that Alorese and Adang share a preference for encoding 'give' events in serial verb constructions, while Lamaholot uses prepositional object constructions or multiverb constructions. We conclude that, in the domain of give-constructions, there is a higher degree of structural isomorphism between Alorese and Adang than there is between Alorese and its sister language Lamaholot. Such structural isomorphism is the outcome of contact-induced convergence; more specifically, we propose that convergence took place by a process of grammatical calquing carried out by children and preadolescents who were bilingual in Alorese and one or more Papuan languages.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Reactions to Blust's "The Resurrection of Proto-Philippines" 对Blust的“原始菲律宾的复活”的反应
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1353/OL.2020.0018
R. Zorc
{"title":"Reactions to Blust's \"The Resurrection of Proto-Philippines\"","authors":"R. Zorc","doi":"10.1353/OL.2020.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/OL.2020.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Blust has secured the position of PPH by raising the number of country-wide innovations to at least 600 etymologies (out of the 1286 proposed). Unlike PMP or PAN, at the phonological level, accent contrasts must be a significant innovation for PPH (although not explicitly stated by Blust, nine minimal pairs are well-established within his survey). An initial *y- and a clear-cut contrast between glottal stop (*ʔ) as opposed to *q can also be reconstructed for PPH. Axis-relationships (areal contact phenomena) have arisen which blur genetic boundaries, but not to any great extent; discreet macro- and microgroups can be substantiated throughout the Philippines, all descended from one proto-language.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/OL.2020.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48344602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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