Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development最新文献

{"title":"Surveying queer farmers: How heteropatriarchy affects farm viability and farmer wellbeing in U.S. agriculture","authors":"M. Hoffelmeyer, Jaclyn Wypler, I. Leslie","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.005","url":null,"abstract":"Qualitative studies have begun demonstrating how heteropatriarchy negatively affects queer farmer well-being and farm viability. However, quantita­tive surveys of farmers rarely ask questions about gender identity and sexual orientation, precluding analyses that could connect farmers’ experiences to their queerness or to heteropatriarchy more broadly. In this article, we present data from one of the first surveys of U.S. queer farmers. This article inquires: (a) What barriers to farm viability and farmer well-being do queer farmers report? (b) How are these barriers related to or influenced by gender and sexuality? (c) How, if at all, do queer farmers mitigate heteropatriarchal barriers in farm­ing? We find that queer farmers explicitly attributed interpersonal areas of discrimination to their queer­ness—or rather, to heteropatriarchy—especially anticipated discrimination, social isola­tion, training opportunities and/or lack of skill, and family dynamics. We assert that farmers’ reported chal­lenges to farming success reflect areas of systemic heteropatriarchal oppression, especially in profita­bility, land access, health insurance, and affordable and/or available hous­ing. At the same time, queer farmers turn to each other for support in navi­gating the heteropatri­archal landscape of U.S. agri­culture. The top area that queer farmers found helpful for their success was LGBTQIA+ farm mentors or peers. Our findings indicate that het­eropatriarchy is a central force negatively affecting queer farmers’ well-being and farm viability. This research offers critical information for farmers, farming organi­zations, scholars, and policymakers to bolster farmers’ contributions to U.S. agriculture and gain a more holistic understanding of (in)equity in U.S. agriculture.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84533529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The motivations, challenges and needs of small- and medium-scale beginning farmers in the midwestern United States","authors":"Keri Iles, Rebecca Nixon, Zhao Ma, Kevin D. Gibson, T. Benjamin","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.003","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning farmers are increasingly recognized as important agricultural actors in the United States. Efforts to help interested individuals enter agriculture have increased; however, there is still a substantial knowledge gap regarding beginning farmers’ characteristics, motivations to farm, challenges, and information and resource needs, particularly among those who operate small or medium-sized farms. In this research, we collected and analyzed survey data in Indiana to gain a better understanding of small- and medium-scale beginning farmers in the midwestern United States. We found that small- and medium-scale beginning farmers were motivated by their desire for a farming lifestyle and to support local food and agroecological farming systems on a landscape dominated by commodity crops. They relied substantially on off-farm income and faced related challenges including limited access to labor and difficulty balancing their on-farm and off-farm responsibilities. Finding effective marketing strategies also challenged this group of farmers, as they were not well-integrated into existing agricultural programs, and many had limited interactions with agricultural agencies and organizations. Instead, the majority of small- and medium-scale beginning farmers relied heavily on their own internet research and informal interactions with other farmers to learn and obtain help for their farms. Together, our results contribute to a better understanding of small- and medium-scale beginning farmers’ characteristics, motivations, and farming practices, as well as the challenges they face and the support they need to address these challenges. Because beginning farmers often differ from their more established counterparts who operate larger farms, the results of this research can be used to inform tailored agricultural programs and technical assistance that address small- and medium-scale beginning farmers’ specific needs and challenges in order to increase their likelihood of success to not only start but also sustain a small- or medium-scale farm over time.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75806083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of parental involvement on scaling agricultural technologies from school garden to home farm in Cambodia","authors":"G. Pekarcik, D. Ader, Tom Gill, Jennifer Richards","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.006","url":null,"abstract":"Cambodia is a predominantly rural nation with a heavy dependence on agriculture, particularly smallholder rice farming systems. While several sustainable agricultural technologies have been suc­cessfully piloted on research stations or with small numbers of early adopters, questions remain on how to extend these technologies to large numbers of resource-poor smallholder farmers. The Scaling Suitable Sustainable Technologies Project (S3-Cambodia) seeks to examine pathways for scaling sustainable intensification (SI) technologies to smallholder farmers. One of the identified path­ways to scaling SI is through the education system. Cambodian youth serve as an entry point to extend target technologies to farm families through experi­ential learning opportunities in schools by estab­lishing “green labs” featuring school gardens. This research study seeks to support the desired outcomes of the S3-Cambodia project by assessing Cambodian parental involvement in their children’s lives and school activities. While students can serve as agricultural education sources for their homes and communities, there is a need to deter­mine whether relationships between children, par­ents, and schools in Cambodia are strong enough to facilitate this knowledge transfer. Primary data was collected from 178 parents whose children attend three separate high schools in three districts of Cambodia through one-on-one orally conducted surveys. These were supplemented by key inform­ant interviews of selected parents, teachers, and principals at each high school. Results indicate that parents have a strong interest in school garden implementation and activities at their children’s school, with 84% of parents interested in visiting a school garden. Additionally, the majority believe that they can learn from their children (65%) and actively discuss with their children what they are learning at school (72%), indicating a potentially significant likelihood of knowledge transfer from a school garden. Yet, parents’ involvement in their children’s schools and lives varies between regions, with the rurality of the households influencing family social ties and homes’ proximity to the school.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83088694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ECONOMIC PAMPHLETEER: Voting with your food dollars is not enough!","authors":"J. Ikerd","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.001","url":null,"abstract":"It is often suggested that we vote with our dollars if we want to change the food system. A dollar spent is a vote for whatever we buy and a dollar not spent is a vote against whatever we don’t buy. Consumers are led to believe that the current food system exists only because they have voted for it with their dollars. They are told to boycott foods, agribusinesses, and production systems that don’t align with their social or ethical values. Those who have discretionary dollars to spend should vote with their dollars. Food producers respond to things that affect their bottom line. However, consumers haven’t gotten, and won’t get, the foods they need, or even want, by simply voting with their dollars. The “invisible hand” of economic theory just doesn’t work very well in today’s agri-food economy (Majaski, 2023). The current industrial food system doesn’t have the capacity to translate consumers’ food purchases into incentives for producers to provide the foods that consumers need or would even prefer. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88689003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons in shared humanity from Wisconsin’s dairy farmers and Mexican workers [Book Review]","authors":"Emily Nink","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.123.002","url":null,"abstract":"\"Numbers numb, but stories stir,” as the saying goes. As a journalist and the editor-in-chief of the Wisconsin Examiner, Ruth Conniff is well aware of the power of human-interest narratives to grab readers’ attention and illustrate social trends. Her first book, Milked: How an American Crisis Brought Together Midwestern Dairy Farmers and Mexican Workers, attempts to harness this power by exploring the personal motivations of dairy farmers in Wisconsin, Mexican workers on their farms, and the Mexican-American families of the workers. The book is a biographical project spanning both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, with Conniff spending one year in Oaxaca, Mexico, beginning in 2017. In addition to farmers and their workers, she interviews interpreters who have served as intermediaries between the two groups, including on trips that dairy farmers have taken to Mexico to visit workers’ families. She also interviews a few well-known advocates and politicians, whose perspectives are presented in the book’s final chapters. . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfabetización crítica de políticas alimentarias: Conceptualizando la participación de las comunidades en políticas alimentarias municipales","authors":"Carol Ramos-Gerena","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.012","url":null,"abstract":"Las políticas alimentarias deberían estar formuladas por aquellos a quienes pretenden servir, pero los procesos de elaboración de políticas siguen siendo exclusivos para voces, conocimientos y experiencias privilegiadas. Activistas, organizadores y académicos se han esforzado por capacitar a las comunidades en políticas alimentarias para hacer que los procesos políticos sean más accesibles, aumentando potencialmente su alfabetización en políticas alimentarias (APA o food policy literacy). En este artículo, sostengo que hacer accesibles los procesos, la información y la capacitación en política alimentaria a las comunidades puede prepararlas mejor para que participen, interpreten y controlen las políticas del sistema alimentario, especialmente a nivel municipal. Me baso en la premisa de que una comprensión clara de las políticas alimentarias es una condición necesaria (y no suficiente) para la participación de la comunidad en la formulación, planificación e implementación de políticas sobre sistemas alimentarios. En la bibliografía existente se han definido a fondo la alfabetización alimentaria (food literacy) y la alfabetización política (policy literacy), pero se ha trabajado muy poco en la definición de “alfabetización de políticas alimentarias.” Para abordar esta laguna conceptual, este artículo tiende un puente entre los estudios sobre alimentación y política alimentaria y el trabajo de alfabetización crítica de Paulo Freire para responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo entendemos las alfabetizaciones relacionadas con la política alimentaria? ¿Qué significa (o qué podría significar) estar alfabetizado en política alimentaria? ¿Cómo puede la alfabetización crítica vinculada a la política alimentaria aportar en la transformación de los sistemas alimentarios? Siguiendo este análisis, determino que la APA crítica es una “lectura del mundo y de las palabras,” una conciencia crítica de los procesos de la política alimentaria, una práctica de aprendizaje contextual y auténtica, y un compromiso colectivo con la transformación de la política alimentaria.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88841661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College student food security during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"F. Rafferty, T. Schusler, M. V. Valencia Mestre","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.019","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity among college and university students has increased in the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique public health challenges, including increased food insecu­rity. In a cross-sectional survey of students at a pri­vate university in the midwestern U.S. (N=253) we examined how student food security status changed during the pandemic and what relation­ships exist between changes in food security and various aspects of student identities. Twenty-nine percent of responding students indicated that they became less food secure during the pandemic, and the overall reported food insecurity rate increased by 130.77%. Change in respondent food security status during the pandemic was associated with household income (p=0.000), loss or family loss of employment because of the pandemic (p=0.000), receiving financial aid (p=0.006), individual or fam­ily infection with COVID-19 (p=0.020), perceived health during the pandemic (p=0.000), eating 4.5 cups of fruits and/or vegetables each day (p=0.040), race and ethnicity (p=0.042), first-generation in higher education (p=0.017), sexual orientation (p=0.027), and spring 2020 GPA (p=0.003). The results contribute to a growing body of evidence that higher education institutions, as well as state and federal governments, should increase their efforts to support students to achieve food security. In doing so, it is critical to consider the disparities in food security associated with diverse and intersecting social identities, including socio-economic class, race and ethnicity, being first in one’s family to attend college, and sexual orien­tation. Our results further suggest the need for interventions that not only address immediate symptoms of food insecurity but also structural discrimination that makes it more difficult for members of marginalized groups to become food secure.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84972778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Campus Food Shed: Student-led efforts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to support food-insecure peers","authors":"H. DePorter, Shayna Moss, Grace Ayo Puc, Kavya Ayalasomayajula, Irwin Goldman","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.015","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the ubiquity of campus food insecurity, it has often been an issue silent, faceless, and ignored. Only within the last decade has it received recognition as a national crisis (McCoy et al., 2022). Perhaps because college is widely regarded as a privileged endeavor, requiring substantial tuition dollars from students and their families, food insecurity has not received the attention or resources that it deserves. Although policy-level and administrative changes should take the lead in addressing the issue, student-led groups have played a role in initiating action. Campus Food Shed (CFS), a University of Wisconsin-Madison student organization, seeks to address these concerns. Spearheaded by students, the organization partners with local grocery stores and research farms to distribute leftover food items, assisting peers across the UW-Madison campus with access to free, nutritious food. As UW-Madison alumni, our experiences through CFS have brought to our attention nationwide concerns regarding food insecurity (Goldrick-Rab et al., 2017). In addition, studies across the country over the last five years have demonstrated the severity of food insecurity for many college and university students (Baker-Smith et al., 2020; Broton & Cady, 2020; Broton & Goldrick-Rab, 2017; Laska et al., 2020; Watson et al., 2017). . . .","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72851150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The college campus as a living laboratory for meaningful food system transformation","authors":"Jason Evans, April M. Roggio","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.014","url":null,"abstract":"As has become abundantly clear to the social scientists, agriculturalists, policymakers, and food justice advocates who have taken up the fight, progress toward more resilient, fair, and effective food systems is hard fought and prone to challenges. Vexingly, the competing goals of food system improvement even make defining “success” in food system transformation difficult: accessible, affordable food versus nutritious food; diversity in the agricultural economy versus the cost savings of consolidation; and consumer choice and variety versus the ecological advantages of eating seasonally and locally. In this commentary, we treat American college campuses as analogs of the larger food system and as such, laboratories[1] for study of these systemic tradeoffs and proving grounds for policy interventions. We argue that the lived context of college students approximates that of communities in which financial, logistical, and other challenges negatively affect nutrition, equitable food access, and food knowledge outcomes. We suggest that the rigorous assessment of changes in educational philosophy, management practices, and spending priorities on campuses may offer insight into the ways in which we might effect change throughout the broad national food landscape, to facilitate the transition to more equitable and just food systems. [1] Our propositions here connect more broadly with the literature examining the campus as a living laboratory, which addresses a wide array of sustainability issues (e.g., Gomez & Derr, 2021; Hansen, 2017; Save et al., 2021).","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80699976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity and utilization of campus food resources differ by demographic and academic group","authors":"Zoe Tanner, Brittany M Loofbourrow, Gwen M Chodur, Leslie C Kemp, R. Scherr","doi":"10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2023.122.018","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity is a major challenge for many college students, negatively affecting their well-being and academic success. To address the challenge, universities are implementing food resources to provide free access to food; however, little is known about how students’ identities affect their utilization of these resources. This study analyzed the relationships among food insecurity, campus food resource participation, and student demographic and academic identity. Survey data were collected from a representative sample (n=1,190) of undergraduate students at the University of California (UC), Davis. Analyses were conducted using chi-square tests of independence and logistic regression to assess factors related to food insecurity and campus food resource participation. The results indicate that transfer students are 84% more likely to experience food insecurity, but 39% less likely to use campus food resources. Both first-generation and fourth- year students disproportionately experience food insecurity and utilize campus food resources more. Latino(a)/Chicano(a)/Hispanic students are twice as likely to experience food insecurity and 49% more likely to use food resources than white/European American students. These results demonstrate that student identity intersects with food insecurity and access in the college environment. These findings can guide recommendations for improving and expanding campus food resources by utilizing equitable outreach strategies that build a support network of food access while reflecting the diverse needs of student populations.","PeriodicalId":51829,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88219781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}