Interactive Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Blended Psychological Therapy for the Treatment of Psychological Disorders in Adult Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kelly Ferrao Nunes-Zlotkowski, Heather L Shepherd, Lisa Beatty, Phyllis Butow, Joanne Margaret Shaw","doi":"10.2196/49660","DOIUrl":"10.2196/49660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blended therapy (BT) combines digital with face-to-face psychological interventions. BT may improve access to treatment, therapy uptake, and adherence. However, research is scarce on the structure of BT models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We synthesized the literature to describe BT models used for the treatment of psychological disorders in adults. We investigated whether BT structure, content, and ratio affected treatment efficacy, uptake, and adherence. We also conducted meta-analyses to examine treatment efficacy in intervention-control dyads and associations between treatment outcomes versus BT model structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, and MEDLINE databases were searched. Eligibility criteria included articles published in English till March 2023 that described digital and face-to-face elements as part of an intervention plan for treating psychological disorders in adult patients. We developed a coding framework to characterize the BT interventions. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate effect size (ES; Cohen d and 95% CIs) regarding pre- and posttreatment outcomes in depression and anxiety versus BT structure. The review was registered with PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Searches identified 8436 articles, and data were extracted from 29 studies. BT interventions were analyzed and classified according to mode of interaction between digital and face-to-face components (integrated vs sequential), role of the components (core vs supplementary), component delivery (alternate vs case-by-case), and digital materials assignment mode (standardized vs personalized). Most BT interventions (n=24) used a cognitive behavioral therapy approach for anxiety or depression treatment. Mean rates of uptake (91%) and adherence (81%) were reported across individual studies. BT interventions were more effective or noninferior to treatment as usual, with large spread in the data and a moderate to large ES in the treatment of depression (n=9; Cohen d=-1.1, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.6, P<.001, and z score=-4.3). A small, nonsignificant ES was found for anxiety outcomes (n=5; Cohen d=-0.1, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.05, P=.17, and z score=-1.4). Higher ESs were found in blended interventions with supplementary design (depression: n=11, Cohen d=-0.75, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.95; anxiety: n=8, Cohen d=-0.9, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.2); fewer (≤6) face-to-face sessions (depression: n=9, Cohen d=-0.7, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.9; anxiety: n=7, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI -0.3 to -1.3); and a lower ratio (≤50%) of face-to-face versus digital sessions (depression: n=5, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.1; anxiety: n=4, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI 0.006 to -1.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed integrated BT models as feasible to deliver. We found BT to be effective in depression treatment, but anxiety tre","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e49660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portuguese Version of the Oral Frailty Index-8: Instrument Validation Study.","authors":"Laura Corrêa, André Júdice, Robson Scoz, Vanessa Machado, José João Mendes, Luís Proença, João Botelho, Luciano Ferreira","doi":"10.2196/49975","DOIUrl":"10.2196/49975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The concept of oral frailty has gained scientific and clinical relevance in recent years, and early detection can facilitate timely intervention to manage its progression. The Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was developed to assess community-dwelling older adults at risk for oral frailty.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the psychometric validity of the OFI-8 in the Portuguese population, named the Portuguese version of the OFI-8 (OFI-8-PT), which may serve as a reference for future studies related to longevity and oral function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 2 main phases, involving patients aged 60 years or older, Portuguese speakers, and those who consented to participate in the study. First, the researchers translated and cross-culturally adapted the original questionnaire to make it suitable for native Portuguese speakers. The translated tool was then assessed for psychometric validation, which consisted of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and sex invariance measurement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 159 older adults participated in the baseline survey, with almost equal numbers of male (n=79, 49.7%) and female participants (n=80, 50.3%). The OFI-8-PT demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach α=0.95) and construct validity (goodness-of-fit index=0.96; comparative fit index=0.85; and root mean square error of approximation=0.05, 90% CI 0.00-0.09). The study found sex invariance, indicating that the OFI-8-PT is equally valid for male and female participants, and the tested-retest reliability of the OFI-8-PT was good, indicating consistent results over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The OFI-8-PT showed psychometric validity and good reliability to be used in the Portuguese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e49975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Automated Psychotherapy in a Spaceflight Environment: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Unknowns.","authors":"Logan Smith","doi":"10.2196/67671","DOIUrl":"10.2196/67671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/58803.].</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e67671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior of Physicians in Outpatient Departments in Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Structural Equation Modeling Approach.","authors":"Asrat Agalu Abejew, Gizachew Yismaw Wubetu, Teferi Gedif Fenta","doi":"10.2196/57285","DOIUrl":"10.2196/57285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance, fueled by irrational prescribing, is a global threat associated with health, social, and economic consequences. Understanding antibiotic prescribing behavior and associated factors is important to promote good prescribing practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the factors affecting antibiotic prescribing behaviors of physicians based on the theory of planned behavior in hospitals in northwest Ethiopia in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to October 2022. A total of 185 health professionals were included, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A structural equation model based on the modified theory of planned behavior was used to determine factors affecting antibiotic prescribing behavior. The percentages of physicians' estimated prescriptions for patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and during weekly outpatient visits were used to predict antibiotic prescribing behavior and finally linked with behavioral constructs. A P value <.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physicians estimated that they prescribed antibiotics for 54.8% (9896/18,049) of weekly outpatient encounters, and 178 (96.2%) of the 185 physicians estimated they prescribed antibiotics for patients who presented with symptoms of a URTI. Physicians aged ≤30 years were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (48/100, 48%) for patients who presented with a URTI than physicians older than 30 years (51/100, 51%; P=.004), and general practitioners were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (47/100, 47%) for patients who presented with a URTI than residents (51/100, 51%; P=.03). Similarly, during outpatient visits, physicians ≤30 years old were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (54/100, 54%) than physicians older than 30 years (57/100, 57%; P<.001), male physicians were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (53/100, 53%) than female physicians (64/100, 64%; P=.03), and general practitioners were less likely to prescribe antibiotics (53/100, 53%) than residents (57/100, 57%; P=.02). Physicians with good knowledge were less affected by perceived social pressure (mean 4.4, SD 0.6) than those with poor knowledge (mean 4.0, SD 0.9; P<.001) and felt it was easy to make rational decisions (mean 4.1, SD 1.1) compared with those with poor knowledge (mean 3.8, SD 1; P<.001). However, intentions to reduce and prescribe antibiotics were not affected by attitudes, subjective norms, or perceived behavioral control, and perceived antibiotic prescribing behavior was not related to intentions to reduce or prescribe antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antibiotic prescribing behavior was not under the volitional control of physicians. This calls for a systematic approach to change antibiotic prescribing practices in hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e57285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Blood Lipids Before, During, and After Diurnal Fasting in Inactive Men: Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Khalid Aljaloud, Naif Al-Barha, Abeer Noman, Abdulaziz Aldayel, Yahya Alsharif, Ghareeb Alshuwaier","doi":"10.2196/56207","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of investigation into the dynamics of blood lipids before, during, and after diurnal fasting, especially in inactive men.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study determined dynamic changes in blood lipids in inactive men before, during, and after they underwent diurnal fasting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 44 young men aged a mean 27.6 (SD 5.8) years were recruited to evaluate their habitual physical activity and diet using a questionnaire developed for this study. Body composition was evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis machine (Tanita BC-980). An 8-ml blood sample was collected to evaluate blood lipids and glucose. All measurements were taken 2-3 days before Ramadan, during Ramadan (at week 2 and week 3), and 1 month after Ramadan. A 1-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the measured variables before, during, and after the month of Ramadan. When a significant difference was found, post hoc testing was used. Differences were considered significant at P<.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein during Ramadan compared to before and after Ramadan (83.49 mg/dl at week 3 vs 93.11 mg/dl before Ramadan [P=.02] and 101.59 mg/dl after Ramadan [P=.007]). There were significant elevations in fasting blood glucose (74.60 mmol/L before Ramadan vs 81.52 mmol/L at week 3 [P=.03] and 86.51 mmol/L after Ramadan [P=.01]) and blood pressure (109 mm Hg before Ramadan vs 114 mm Hg after Ramadan; P=.02) reported during and even after the month of Ramadan, although both fasting blood glucose and blood pressure were within normal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ramadan fasting could be an independent factor in reducing low-density lipoprotein. Further investigations are encouraged to clarify the impact of diurnal fasting on blood lipids in people with special conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e56207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Locus of Control and Medical Behavioral Interventions: Systematic Review and Recommendations.","authors":"Sogol Mozafari, Alan Yang, Jason Talaei-Khoei","doi":"10.2196/52287","DOIUrl":"10.2196/52287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health locus of control (HLOC) is a theory that describes how individuals perceive different forces that influence their lives. The concept of a locus of control can affect an individual's likelihood to commit to behaviors related to their health. This study explores the literature on the relationships between HLOC and medical behavioral interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to better understand how HLOC constructs can potentially affect patient responses to health behavioral interventions and to propose a series of guidelines for individuals interested in designing medical behavioral interventions related to HLOC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology and performed an analysis of 50 papers related to the topic of HLOC and medical behavioral interventions. Inclusion criteria were studies that had a behavioral intervention involving patients and contained a metric of at least 1 of the constructs related to HLOC. The initial screening and search were conducted by 2 researchers (AY and SM) separately. The results were then combined and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings explore the influence of different levels of HLOC along with the importance of both patient- and health-related context when assessing the relationships between HLOC constructs and the likelihood of health behavior change. The findings show that different constructs related to HLOC can act as reliable predictors for patient responses to medical behavioral interventions. Patients who score higher on internal HLOC measures are more likely to exhibit behaviors that are consistent with positive health outcomes. Patients who score higher on chance HLOC are more likely to exhibit behaviors that may lead to adverse health outcomes. These conclusions are supported by most of the 50 studies surveyed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose guidelines for individuals designing medical behavioral interventions so that they can make use of these relationships linked to HLOC. The three guidelines suggested are as follows: (1) in most situations, improving internal HLOC will improve health outcomes for patients; (2) patients with high external HLOC should be further studied to determine the source of the external HLOC; and (3) patients with a high chance HLOC are less likely to follow preventative behaviors or be responsive to interventions. Limitations of the study are that the primary search and analysis were conducted by 2 principal researchers (AY and SM). Interpretation and development of the guidelines are subject to individual interpretation of results and may not be applicable to all contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e52287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Measurement Timings and the Fever Detection Rate After Gastrointestinal Surgery: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Shiqi Wang, Gang Ji, Xiangying Feng, Luguang Huang, Jialin Luo, Pengfei Yu, Jiyang Zheng, Bin Yang, Xiangjie Wang, Qingchuan Zhao","doi":"10.2196/50585","DOIUrl":"10.2196/50585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative fever frequently indicates surgical complications and is commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of interventions against surgical stress. However, the presence of circadian rhythms in body temperature may compromise the accurate detection of fever.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the detection rate of fever under intermittent measurement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent nonemergency gastrointestinal surgery between November 2020 and April 2021. Patients' temperature data were continuously collected every 4 seconds using a wireless axillary thermometer, and fever was defined as a temperature exceeding 38 °C within a day. To simulate intermittent measurement in clinical practice, the body temperature at each hour was selected from the continuously collected temperature dataset. Considering that temperatures are measured multiple times per day, all possible measurement plans using intermittent measurement were composed by combining 1-24 time points from the 24-hour daily cycle. Fever was clinically diagnosed based on the temperature readings at the selected time points per day. The fever detection rates for each plan, with varying measurement times, were listed and ranked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the temperature data continuously collected by the thermometer, fever occurred in 60 (40.8%) of the 147 included patients within 3 days after surgery. Of the measurement plans that included 1-24 measurements daily, the fever detection rates ranged from 3.3% (2/60) to 85% (51/60). The highest detection rates and corresponding timings for measurement plans with 1, 2, 3, and 4 measurements daily were 38.3% (23/60; at 8 PM), 56.7% (34/60; at 3 AM and 7 or 8 PM), 65% (39/60; at 3 AM, 8 PM, and 10 or 11 PM), and 70% (42/60; at 12 AM, 3 AM, 8 PM, and 11 PM), respectively; and the lowest detection rates were 3.3% (2/60), 6.7% (4/60), 6.7% (4/60), and 8.3% (5/60), respectively. Although fever within 3 days after surgery was not correlated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications (5/60, 8.3% vs 6/87, 6.9%; P=.76), it was correlated with a longer hospital stay (median 7, IQR 6-9 days vs median 6, IQR 5-7 days; P<.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fever detection rate of the intermittent approach is determined by the timing and frequency of measurement. Measuring at randomly selected time points can miss many fever events after gastrointestinal surgery. However, we can improve the fever detection rate by optimizing the timing and frequency of measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e50585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Psychotherapy in a Spaceflight Environment: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Unknowns.","authors":"Logan Smith","doi":"10.2196/58803","DOIUrl":"10.2196/58803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various behavioral and mental health issues have been reported by space crews for decades, with the overall number of mental health complications expected to be higher than is publicly known. The broad range of mental health complications encountered in space is expected to grow as people venture deeper into space. Issues with privacy, dual relationships, and delayed communications make rendering effective psychological therapy difficult in a spaceflight environment and nearly impossible in deep space. Automated psychotherapy offers a way to provide psychotherapy to astronauts both in deep space and low Earth orbit. Although automated psychotherapy is growing in popularity on Earth, little is known about its efficacy in space. This viewpoint serves to highlight the knowns and unknowns regarding this treatment modality for future deep space missions, and places an emphasis on the need for further research into the applicability and practicality of automated psychotherapy for the spaceflight environment, especially as it relates to long-duration, deep space missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e58803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Epidemiological Features of Influenza After the COVID-19 Pandemic in China, the United States, and Australia: Updated Surveillance Data for Influenza Activity.","authors":"Mingyue Jiang, Mengmeng Jia, Qing Wang, Yanxia Sun, Yunshao Xu, Peixi Dai, Weizhong Yang, Luzhao Feng","doi":"10.2196/47370","DOIUrl":"10.2196/47370","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;There has been a global decrease in seasonal influenza activity since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to describe influenza activity during the 2021/2022 season and compare it to the trends from 2012 to 2023. We also explored the influence of social and public health prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We obtained influenza data from January 1, 2012, to February 5, 2023, from publicly available platforms for China, the United States, and Australia. Mitigation measures were evaluated per the stringency index, a composite index with 9 measures. A general additive model was used to assess the stringency index and the influenza positivity rate correlation, and the deviance explained was calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We used over 200,000 influenza surveillance data. Influenza activity remained low in the United States and Australia during the 2021/2022 season. However, it increased in the United States with a positive rate of 26.2% in the 49th week of 2022. During the 2021/2022 season, influenza activity significantly increased compared with the previous year in southern and northern China, with peak positivity rates of 28.1% and 35.1% in the second week of 2022, respectively. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the dominant influenza virus genotype in China was type B/Victoria, during the 2021/2022 season, and accounted for &gt;98% (24,541/24,908 in the South and 20,543/20,634 in the North) of all cases. Influenza virus type B/Yamagata was not detected in all these areas after the COVID-19 pandemic. Several measures individually significantly influence local influenza activity, except for influenza type B in Australia. When combined with all the measures, the deviance explained values for influenza A and B were 87.4% (P&lt;.05 for measures of close public transport and restrictions on international travel) and 77.6% in southern China and 83.4% (P&lt;.05 for measures of school closing and close public transport) and 81.4% in northern China, respectively. In the United States, the association was relatively stronger, with deviance-explained values of 98.6% for influenza A and 99.1% (P&lt;.05 for measures of restrictions on international travel and public information campaign) for influenza B. There were no discernible effects on influenza B activity in Australia between 2020 and 2022 due to the incredibly low positive rate of influenza B. Additionally, the deviance explained values were 95.8% (P&lt;.05 for measures of restrictions on gathering size and restrictions on international travel) for influenza A and 72.7% for influenza B.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Influenza activity has increased gradually since 2021. Mitigation measures for COVID-19 showed correlations with influenza activity, mainly driven by the early stage of the pandemic. During late 2021 and 2022, the influence of mitigation management for ","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e47370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting the Mind in Space: Psychological Tools for Long-Duration Missions.","authors":"Francesco Pagnini","doi":"10.2196/66626","DOIUrl":"10.2196/66626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychological well-being of astronauts is becoming just as vital as their physical and technical readiness as space missions extend into deep space. Long-duration missions pose unique challenges, such as isolation, confinement, communication delays, and microgravity, which can significantly affect mental health and cognitive performance. This commentary discusses the need for innovative mental health support systems, including automated psychotherapy, as well as Earth-based training methods like mindfulness and relaxation techniques, to address the psychological demands of space travel. By integrating these approaches into pre-mission preparation and in-flight routines, astronauts can develop self-regulation strategies to manage stress, improve focus, and enhance emotional resilience. Automated psychotherapy available 24-7 provides real-time confidential support when communication with Earth is delayed. As space exploration moves forward, the success of missions will depend not only on technological advancements but also on the development of psychological countermeasures that prioritize mental health alongside physical well-being. This paper emphasizes the importance of continued research and collaboration to refine and test these tools in analog environments, ensuring astronauts are mentally and emotionally prepared for the challenges of space.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"e66626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}