Narra J最新文献

{"title":"Dual sgRNA-directed knockout <i>survivin</i> gene expression using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for editing <i>survivin</i> gene in triple-negative breast cancer.","authors":"Resda A Syahrani, Septelia I Wanandi, Sekar Arumsari, Silviatun Nihayah, Yukihide Watanabe, Seiya Mizuno, Melva Louisa, Puspita E Wuyung","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1177","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) offers a robust approach for genome manipulation, particularly in cancer therapy. Given its high expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), targeting <i>survivin</i> with CRISPR/Cas9 holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to design specific single guide ribonucleic acid (sgRNA) for CRISPR/Cas9 to permanently knock out the <i>survivin</i> gene, exploring its potential as a therapeutic approach in breast cancer while addressing potential off-target effects. <i>Survivin</i> gene knockout was conducted in the TNBC cell line BT549. Intron 1, exon 2, and intron 2 of the <i>survivin</i> gene were selected as sgRNA targets. These sgRNAs were designed in silico and then cloned into a CRISPR/Cas9 expression plasmid. The cleavage activity was assessed using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression plasmid. The sgRNAs with higher cleavage activity were selected for the establishment of knockout cells. After transfecting the plasmid into the cells, the success of the <i>survivin</i> gene knockout was validated at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis, and at the protein expression level using Western blotting. The study found that sgRNAs survin1A (targeting intron 1), survex2A (targeting intron 2), and survin2A (targeting intron 2) demonstrated higher cleavage activities compared to the other sgRNAs. However, using the single sgRNA, survex2A did not generate mutations in the <i>survivin</i> gene. At the protein level, survivin was still expressed, indicating that a single sgRNA was ineffective in knocking out the <i>survivin</i> gene. In contrast, the combination of sgRNA survin1A and sgRNA survin2A was more effective in generating mutations in the <i>survivin</i> gene, resulting in the deletion of the entire exon 2 and leading to a loss of survivin protein expression. In conclusion, our work provides specific sgRNAs and demonstrates the utilization of dual sgRNAs strategy in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the <i>survivin</i> gene, showing potential in breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e1177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising candidate drug target genes for repurposing in cervical cancer: A bioinformatics-based approach.","authors":"Nurfi Pratiwi, Aida J Ulfah, Rachmadina Rachmadina, Lalu M Irham, Arief R Afief, Wirawan Adikusuma, Darmawi Darmawi, Rahmat A Kemal, Ina F Rangkuti, Maya Savira","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.938","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, and studies have shown that genetic variants play a significant role in its development. A variety of germline and somatic mutations are associated with cervical cancer. However, genomic data derived from these mutations have not been extensively utilized for the development of repurposed drugs for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to identify novel potential drugs that could be repurposed for cervical cancer treatment through a bioinformatics approach. A comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics database integration strategy was employed to identify potential drug target genes for cervical cancer. Using the GWAS and PheWAS databases, a total of 232 genes associated with cervical cancer were identified. These pharmacological target genes were further refined by applying a biological threshold of six functional annotations. The drug target genes were then cross-referenced with cancer treatment candidates using the DrugBank database. Among the identified genes, <i>LTA</i>, <i>TNFRSF1A</i>, <i>PRKCZ</i>, <i>PDE4B</i>, and <i>PARP</i> were highlighted as promising targets for repurposed drugs. Notably, these five target genes overlapped with 12 drugs that could potentially be repurposed for cervical cancer treatment. Among these, talazoparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, emerged as a particularly promising candidate. Interestingly, talazoparib is currently being investigated for safety and tolerability in other cancers but has not yet been studied in the context of cervical cancer. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate this finding and explore its potential as a repurposed drug for cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of iopromide contrast agents on kidney iNOS expression and tubular histopathology alterations.","authors":"Indrianto W Pranoto, Tarmono Djojodimedjo, Mohammad A Soebadi, Anny S Rahaju","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1227","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is a common complication marked by reduced kidney function within 48  hours of contrast administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal function, anatomy, and molecular changes at 24  hours, 48  hours, and 72  hours post-iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration. This true-experimental study used a post-test-only control group design. Rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy, followed by intravenous injection of ICM using iopromide 370  mg iodine/mL per rat at a dose of 231  mg iodine, and were then divided into four groups: control (C), rats terminated at 24  hours after iopromide administration (E24), rats terminated at 48  hours after iopromide administration (E48), and rats terminated at 72  hours (E72) after iopromide administration, with eight rats per group. Renal function (BUN and SCr levels) remained unchanged after 24, 48, and 72  hours of iopromide administration. Iopromide increased renal tubular damage, as shown by higher histopathological scores for loss of brush border and tubular necrosis, except for proteinaceous casts, where histopathological scores increase especially within the first 24  hours and decrease after 72  hours. Iopromide significantly altered iNOS expression in the glomerulus at 24 and 48  hours, and iNOS expression was decreased after 72  hours. iNOS expression in the intrarenal vascular and tubules was unaffected by iopromide administration. In conclusion, this study found no changes in renal function parameters, improvement in proteinaceous casts, and increased iNOS expression in the glomerulus, offering new insights into the effects of contrast on kidneys.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e1227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of rheumatic diseases among people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur, Abhay M Gaidhane, Bijaya K Padhi, Quazi S Zahiruddin, Rakesh K Sharma, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy, Sathvik B Sridhar, Javedh Shareef, Sirajunisa Talath, Rajesh K Yadav, Rachana Mehta","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.863","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a prevalent metabolic condition affecting over 500 million people globally and associated with serious comorbidities, including various rheumatologic conditions. Some studies have reported a significant association between rheumatological conditions and DM2. However, the global burden of rheumatological conditions among people with DM2 remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative prevalence of rheumatological conditions in DM2 patients. An extensive electronic search was conducted utilizing multiple databases of studies published until January 2024. The quality of the studies included in the review was evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The overall quality of the studies included was rated as moderate. The review included a total of 13 studies, with 830,649 DM2 patients reported to have rheumatological conditions. Eleven studies were used to determine the individual results of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, and osteoarthritis (OA). The pooled prevalence of OA was 26% (95%CI: 19-32%) and the prediction interval ranged from 6% to 51%. The pooled prevalence of gout disease was 1% (95%CI: 0.0-5.0%), and the prediction interval ranged from 0% to 99%. For RA, the combined prevalence was 0.3% (95%CI: 0.2-0.5%) and the prediction interval ranged from 0% to 5%. In conclusion, this review suggests a considerable prevalence of OA among DM2 patients, while the prevalence of RA and gout was minimal. Early diagnosis and management of certain rheumatologic conditions in individuals with DM2 may help improve health outcomes and prevent premature mortality. Further research is warranted to explore and understand the mechanisms underlying the association between DM2 and rheumatological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psoriasis severity assessment: Optimizing diagnostic models with deep learning.","authors":"Aga Maulana, Teuku R Noviandy, Rivansyah Suhendra, Nanda Earlia, Cita Rs Prakoeswa, Tara S Kairupan, Ghifari M Idroes, Muhammad Subianto, Rinaldi Idroes","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1512","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition with challenges in the accurate assessment of its severity due to subtle differences between severity levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate deep learning models for automated classification of psoriasis severity. A dataset containing 1,546 clinical images was subjected to pre-processing techniques, including cropping and applying noise reduction through median filtering. The dataset was categorized into four severity classes: none, mild, moderate, and severe, based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). It was split into 1,082 images for training (70%) and 463 images for validation and testing (30%). Five modified deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) were evaluated, including ResNet50, VGGNet19, MobileNetV3, MnasNet, and EfficientNetB0. The data were validated based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score, which were weighted to reflect class representation; Pairwise McNemar's test, Cochran's Q test, Cohen's Kappa, and Post-hoc test were performed on the model performance, where overall accuracy and balanced accuracy were determined. Findings revealed that among the five deep learning models, ResNet50 emerged as the optimum model with an accuracy of 92.50% (95%CI: 91.2-93.8%). The precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of this model were found to be 93.10%, 92.50%, 97.37%, and 92.68%, respectively. In conclusion, ResNet50 has the potential to provide consistent and objective assessments of psoriasis severity, which could aid dermatologists in timely diagnoses and treatment planning. Further clinical validation and model refinement remain required.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e1512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a combination of nanofat and freeze-dried human amniotic membrane enhance full-thickness wound healing? An animal study using rabbit models.","authors":"Citra A Hidayati, Iswinarno D Saputro, Agus S Budi","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1157","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have explored nanofat stimulating tissue regeneration and maturation, promoting remodeling through its rich content of growth factors and stem cells; however, comprehensive data on its use in full-thickness wounds remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining nanofat with freeze-dried human amniotic membrane (FDHAM) for treating full-thickness wounds in a rabbit model. An animal experimental study using a post-test control group design was conducted. Thirty-six male New Zealand white rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (received a combination of nanofat and FDHAM) and the control group (received FDHAM alone). Each group was subdivided to evaluate effects on days 3 and 7. Macroscopic evaluations of wound healing, microscopic assessment of epithelialization and measurement of epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in the wounds were conducted on days 3 and 7 post-injury. The present study indicated that the combination treatment significantly elevated EGF levels in the wounds on both days 3 and 7 (with <i>p</i> < 0.001 for both assessment time points). The combination of nanofat-FDHAM did not significantly accelerate epithelialization on either day 3 or 7. This study highlights that combining nanofat with FDHAM did not significantly speed up epithelialization of full-thickness wounds within the first seven days; however, it notably increased EGF levels, suggesting that nanofat may enhance the wound's biological environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e1157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and their implications for susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jonny K Fajar, Fredo Tamara, Wachid Putranto, Nurhasan A Prabowo, Harapan Harapan","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i3.727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insertion or deletion polymorphisms of the <i>angiotensin-converting enzyme gene</i> (<i>ACE I/D</i>) have been the subject of significant research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, the findings have remained uncertain and debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between the <i>ACE I/D</i> polymorphisms and the susceptibility as well as the severity of COVID-19. A meta-analysis study (PROSPERO: CRD42022384562) was conducted by searching the articles published on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase as of May 15, 2023. Information regarding the impact of <i>ACE I/D</i> variant on the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity was collected and analyzed utilizing the Mantel-Haenszel method with a random effects model or fixed effects model, depending on the presence or absence of heterogeneity. Out of 3,335 articles, 21 articles were included, of which 13 investigated the association between <i>ACE I/D</i> and the risk of COVID-19 infection and 18 of them examined its influence on disease severity. The D allele of <i>ACE</i> increased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.08-1.85; <i>p</i>-Egger: 0.0676; <i>p</i>-Heterogeneity: <0.001; <i>p</i>=0.0120), while <i>ACE</i> I allele (OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.54-0.93; <i>p</i>-Egger: 0.0676; <i>p</i>-Heterogeneity: <0.001; <i>p</i>=0.012) and II genotype (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.34-0.87; <i>p</i>-Egger: 0.200; <i>p</i>-Heterogeneity: <0.001; <i>p</i>=0.011) decreased the risk of infection. Additionally, there was a notable association between the <i>ACE ID</i> genotype and an elevated likelihood of experiencing severe COVID-19 within the Asian population (OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84; <i>p</i>-Egger: 0.092; <i>p</i>-Heterogeneity: 0.116; <i>p</i>=0.002). The presence of <i>ACE I/D</i> polymorphisms significantly influences the likelihood of being susceptible to and experiencing the severity of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and potential factors influencing willingness for renal transplantation in end-stage renal disease patients: A systematic review and meta- analysis.","authors":"Fredo Tamara, Jonny K Fajar, Agung Susanto, Yesica T Enggriani, Maria Is Beluan, Reychell Mirino, Lia D Farida, Diana V Hastutya, Dewi A Puspitasari, Yama S Putri, Jefri P Susanto, Volodymyr Dzhyvak","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.903","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of willingness to undergo renal transplantation and its potentially associated factors have been documented in multiple prior studies across different regions, yet certain findings are conflicting. The aim of this study was to determine the global prevalence of willingness for renal transplantation and identify its associated factors through meta-analysis methods. Databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Embase were utilized for the search strategy, covering the period from April to May 2024. Data collection focused on gathering information regarding the prevalence and potential contributing factors of renal transplantation. Statistical analysis involved examining the cumulative prevalence of willingness for renal transplantation using single-arm meta- analysis. Factors associated with willingness for renal transplantation were analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables and the inverse variance method for numerical variables. A total of nine articles, covering 3935 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were included. The pooled estimates revealed that the overall prevalence of willingness to undergo renal transplantation among ESRD patients was 57% (95%CI: 0.46-0.67). Furthermore, we observed a higher likelihood of willingness among men and those of younger age, attainment of at least a bachelor's degree or higher in education, employment status, higher income levels, and a shorter duration of hemodialysis (<5 years). Our study has documented the global prevalence and potential associated factors of willingness to undergo renal transplantation, providing valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance the acceptance of renal transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary level of 1,2-dichloroethane and its effects on blood biochemical markers among outdoor workers exposed to air pollution in Thailand.","authors":"Anamai Thetkathuek, Marissa Kongsombatsuk, Teeranun Nakyai, Chan P Polyong","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1055","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.1055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air contamination by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is recognized as a threat across countries. Addressing this problem is challenging due to the absence of clearly defined biological standards for monitoring 1,2-DCE exposure among humans. Moreover, studies on the impacts of 1,2-DCE exposure on human health are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the level of 1,2-DCE in urine-separated into the health behavior and occupation groups-as well as its effects on blood biochemicals among overall 200 outdoor workers, with 50 working in each of the following four occupations: fishers, street vendors, public bus drivers, and traffic police in an environmentally polluted community in Thailand. The subject's behaviors were categorized into four groups: desirable health behaviors (non-smokers and non-drinkers), non-smokers who consume alcohol, smokers who do not consume alcohol, and undesirable health behaviors (frequent smokers and alcohol consumers). Data were collected at the end of the workday using interview forms, urine, and blood samples. Urine was analyzed for 1,2-DCE, and blood was analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), liver, and kidney function enzymes. Data were analyzed using the Dunnett's test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and independent sample t-test according to statistical conditions. Our findings revealed that the median urinary 1,2-DCE level was 0.080 mg/L (0.022-0.462 mg/L). Subjects with undesirable health behaviors had a significantly higher urinary 1,2-DCE level (0.108 mg/L) compared to those with desirable health behaviors (0.056 mg/L), with a <i>p</i>-value of 0.009. Among bus drivers and local fishers, the dose of exposure was strongly associated with creatinine levels (<i>p</i> = 0.006). No significant association was observed between exposure dose and CBC across all groups. In conclusion, the urinary samples present a small variation in 1,2-DCE concentrations and thus can be used as a benchmark baseline value for monitoring exposure among outdoor workers in areas with intense air pollution. Kidney function markers can be considered in monitoring the health effects of 1,2-DCE.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e1055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of phenolic compounds as cross-linkers to improve the qualities of halal gelatin from milkfish scales (<i>Chanos chanos</i>).","authors":"Nursalam Hamzah, Slamet Ibrahim, Daryono H Tjahjono","doi":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.907","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v4i3.907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gelatin is a versatile substance extensively used in medical and pharmaceutical industries for many applications, including capsule shells, X-ray film, infusion for plasma substitute, and the fabricating of artificial tissue. Fish scale gelatin is a profitable alternative source as a halal material despite its inferior quality. An addition of phenolic cross-linker may enhance the qualities of fish scale gelatin. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of phenolics to act as cross-linkers for fish scale gelatin and to identify the factors affecting this process. Gelatin production from fish scales (<i>Chanos chanos</i>) was carried out through basic pre-extraction and acidic pre-extraction. Thereafter, the gelatin was reacted with 10 different phenolics (phenol, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, α-naphthol, vanillin, L-tyrosine, curcumin, gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid). The resultant gelatins were characterized by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction pattern, swelling index, degree of cross-linking, viscosity, gel strength, mechanical profile, thermal profile, and water vapor permeability. Gelatin with the most favorable characteristics was further investigated for the effects of acidity (pH 4, 7, and 10) and cross-linker concentrations (2.5-10%). The findings revealed the formation of cross-linkage through shifted vibrational peaks of amide A, amide B, and amide II in the infrared spectrum. Shifted X-ray diffraction peaks in the gelatin with phenol addition also indicated the formation of cross-linkage. Significant improvement in the gelatin characteristics, such as swelling index, degree of cross-linking, viscosity, gel strength, mechanical profile, thermal profile, and water vapor permeability, could be attributed to the addition of phenolics cross-linkers. The highest improvement was observed in gelatin added with basic tannic acid 10%. Gelatin cross-linked with basic tannic acid 10% had a moisture content of 9.24±0.14%, swelling index of 323±17%, degree of cross-linking of 69.99±0.84%, viscosity of 8.48±0.23 cP, gel strength of 151.5±6.9 Bloom, melting temperature of 213.5°C, tensile strength of 7.00±0.54 N.cm^-2, elongation at the break of 114.08±14.63%, elastic modulus of 58.45±8.20 N.cm^-2 and water vapor permeability of 0.57±0.07 g.mm.m^-2.h^-1. kPa^-1. The qualities of tannic acid-cross-linked gelatin films and film-forming gel increased when manufactured under basic conditions in comparison to acidic or neutral conditions. Furthermore, increasing the quantity of tannic acid to 10% improved the overall characteristics as compared to non-cross-linked gelatin. In conclusion, tannic acid has the ability to cross-link the fish gelatin, thereby enhancing its qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"4 3","pages":"e907"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}