{"title":"Research and design of bridge distributed monitoring system based on LoRa technology","authors":"Zhiwei Hou, Liqun Bao","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bridges are a kind of infrastructure constructed to save urban space, to relieve traffic congestion, and to show urban modernisation. Therefore, bridge safety has become the focus of social attention. To know the structural condition of the bridge in real-time, it is necessary to develop an intelligent and efficient bridge health monitoring system. However, the traditional bridge health monitoring system has poor real-time performance, low efficiency, and a low degree of automation. The development of LoRa technology is expected to improve this situation. In this study, we designed a bridge-distributed monitoring system based on LoRa technology, which has end nodes, relay nodes, a collect node, and a monitoring centre. In detail, the STM32H743XI processor is combined with the radio frequency SX1268 chip to form the above nodes. Furthermore, the end node contains the pulse vibration excitation circuit, and pick-up signal conditioning circuit of the vibrating string crack metre, and the signal conditioning circuit of the temperature sensor AD590 and the humidity sensor HM1500LF. Finally, the data preprocessing of sensors and the communication performance of the two-stage relay network of the LoRa module, which represent the key technologies to effectively and efficiently meet the real-time monitoring of bridge conditions, are tested and discussed. This distributed monitoring system for the bridge can provide feasible solutions for the application field of bridge monitoring, which is helpful for the daily maintenance management and risk warning decision-making of bridges.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 3","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of vehicle positioning system based on artificial intelligence cloud computing technology","authors":"Jifeng Liang","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12056","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous progress of society, people's living consumption needs are also constantly changing. The traditional vehicle positioning technology can no longer meet the new positioning needs of travelers, so a more accurate positioning system is urgently needed. This paper aims to study a more accurate positioning system and proposes a vehicle positioning system based on radio frequency identification (RFID). After comparing several common positioning methods, the use of LANDMARC positioning algorithm makes the vehicle positioning more accurate. This paper has effectively integrated advanced computer and artificial intelligence technology and applies it to control and management and finally established a comprehensive traffic positioning system that can effectively alleviate traffic congestion, reduce traffic accidents and quickly deal with traffic emergencies. The experimental results have shown that when the vehicle runs at a speed of 40 km/h and the communication rate is 860 kpbs, the average positioning accuracy of the improved algorithm is doubled compared with the traditional algorithm, and the error is reduced by nearly one. Therefore, compared with the traditional positioning system and artificial intelligence, the RFID vehicle positioning system under cloud computing has more accurate positioning information and more timely and convenient services.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 5","pages":"209-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49444611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A localization scheme based on Improving Dynamic Population Monte Carlo Localization method for large-scale mobile wireless aquaculture sensor networks","authors":"Chunfeng Lv, Jianping Zhu, Gang Chen","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Localization is one of the essential problems in wireless sensor applications (WSNs). Most range-free localization schemes for mobile WSNs are based on the Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm. Multiple iterations, sample impoverishment and less sample diversity, leading to low localizing efficiency, are the most usual problems demanding to be solved in these SMC-based methods. An improved localization scheme for mobile aquaculture WSNs based on the Improving Dynamic Population Monte Carlo Localization (I-DPMCL) method is proposed. A population of probability density functions is proposed to approximate the unknown location distribution based on a set of observations through an iterative mixture importance sampling procedure, accompanied by node dynamic behaviours being analysed quantitatively or definitely. Threefold constrain rules are put forward in the I-DPMCL scheme to decrease the iteration number and trade off iteration number and enough valid samples to obtain the optimum iteration number. Then, these localization behaviours, especial delay, are predicted based on the statistical point of view. Moreover, performance comparisons of I-DPMCL with other SMC-based schemes are also proposed. Simulation results show that delay of I-DPMCL has some superiority to those of other schemes, and accuracy and energy consumption are improved in some cases of lower mobile velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 2","pages":"58-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An embedded and intelligent anomaly power consumption detection system based on smart metering","authors":"Sahar Lazim Qaddoori, Qutaiba Ibrahim Ali","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>User behaviour, human mistakes, and underperforming equipment contribute to wasted energy in buildings and industries. Identifying anomalous consumption power behaviour can help to reduce peak energy usage and change undesirable user behaviour. Furthermore, decreasing energy consumption in buildings is difficult because usage patterns vary from one building to the next. So, the main contribution in this manuscript is to propose a lightweight architecture for smart meter to identify abnormalities in power consumption for each building individually using machine learning (ML) models and implement on a Single Board Computer. To detect daily and periodic pattern anomalies, two models of anomaly detection based on supervised and unsupervised ML algorithms are built and trained where numerous algorithms were utilised to select the best algorithm for each model. Also, the proposed approach enables iterative procedure modifications by retraining the two anomaly detection models on data aggregator server based on the received data meter from the specific smart meter to give better power service to clients while minimising provider losses. The effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested approach have been proven through extensive analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 2","pages":"75-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galang P. N. Hakim, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh, Fakhereldin M. Suliman, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Siti Hajar Binti Yusoff, Erry Yulian T. Adesta, Rabeya Anzum
{"title":"Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural network model for self-organising networks implementation in wireless sensor network","authors":"Galang P. N. Hakim, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh, Fakhereldin M. Suliman, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Siti Hajar Binti Yusoff, Erry Yulian T. Adesta, Rabeya Anzum","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12052","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Wireless Sensor Network needs to become a dynamic and adaptive network to conserve energy stored in the wireless sensor network node battery. This dynamic and adaptive network sometimes are called SON (Self Organizing Network). Several SON concepts have been developed such as routing, clustering, intrusion detection, and other. Although several SON concepts already exist, however, there is no concept for SON in dynamic radio configuration. Therefore, the authors’ contribution to this field would be proposing a dynamic and adaptive Wireless Sensor Network node radio configuration. The significance of their work lies in the modelling of the SON network that builds based on our measurement in the real-world jungle environment. The authors propose input parameters such as SNR, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and frequency as the static parameter. For adaptive parameters, we propose bandwidth, spreading factor, and its most important parameter such as power for data transmission. Using the Levenberg Marquardt Artificial Neural Network (LM-ANN) self-organise Network model, power reduction and optimisation from 20 dBm to 14.9 dBm for SNR 3, to 11.5 dBm for SNR 6, and to 12.9 dBm for SNR 9 all within a 100-m range can be achieved. With this result, the authors conclude that we can use LM-ANN for the wireless sensor network SON model in the jungle environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 5","pages":"195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anand Singh Rajawat, S. B. Goyal, Pradeep Bedi, Sandeep Kautish, Divya Prakash Shrivastava
{"title":"Analysis assaulting pattern for the security problem monitoring in 5G-enabled sensor network systems with big data environment using artificial intelligence/machine learning","authors":"Anand Singh Rajawat, S. B. Goyal, Pradeep Bedi, Sandeep Kautish, Divya Prakash Shrivastava","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12049","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 5G-enabled sensor network systems make it possible to connect cyber and real ‘things’ in many ways. Even so, the flow of data between 5G-enabled sensor devices brings big data environment problems, such as huge amounts of data, duplicated data, a lack of scalability etc. Some of these problems are as follows. It is hard to keep an eye on 5G-enabled sensor systems in a ‘big data’ environment. Cyberattacks that could put the safety of the sensor network systems at risk are hard to find, which make the situation even more complicated. The security challenges of 5G-enabled Sensor Network Systems are studied and analyzed due to some constraints associated with the sensor nodes. The proposed advanced algorithm for securing the 5G-enabled sensor systems is a Multidimensional big data environment using artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML). Using a structure that depends on both geographical and temporal data, an improved clear point selection operation may get important information from multidimensional time series data that is spread across a wide range of sensor nodes. Therefore, the actions of the 5G-enabled sensor network can be shown accurately and a complete model of its underlying data structure is built to analysis attacking, pattern on 5G-enabled Sensor Network Systems using the AI/ML Algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 5","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steam computing paradigm: Cross-layer solutions over cloud, fog, and edge computing","authors":"Abir Mchergui, Rejab Hajlaoui, Tarek Moulahi, Abdulatif Alabdulatif, Pascal Lorenz","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12051","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conventional infrastructures based on the cloud are not sufficient for the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications requirements. Many big problems are shortcomings, especially in terms of network bandwidth and latency. Throughout recent years, the idea to relieve fog computing and edge computing was suggested by bringing data processing capacities closer to these limits to the edge of the network. The authors assume that the full potential of IoT will, in many cases, only be activated by the combination of cloud, fog, and edge computing in a new computing paradigm, given IoT growth and development forecasts. This article discusses the possibility and need for such a paradigm by introducing steam computing as a new distributed type of computing using cloud, fog, and edge utilities to carry out data processing and storage. The authors treat steam computing through four planes: security and privacy plane, data analytics and fault tolerance plane and deployment and test beds plane. Finally, the authors focus on the open issues and future trends in steam computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 5","pages":"157-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Huang, Yuting Shi, Jianhua Wang, Xiaoqian Zhang, Daming Xu, Di Sang
{"title":"Novel pedestrian navigation system based on zero velocity update procedure technology and improved Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filter with index fading memory factor","authors":"Lei Huang, Yuting Shi, Jianhua Wang, Xiaoqian Zhang, Daming Xu, Di Sang","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To acquire an accurate location on the occasions, such as in an indoor, tunnel, and valley, where satellite navigation signals fail. The paper designs a pedestrian navigation system by using the zero velocity update procedure technology (ZUPT) and Kalman filter to reduce the location error. The measurement noise characteristic (mean and variance) of the micro electro mechanical systems gyros is unknown and time variant, but in traditional studies, it is usually thought and calculated as a constant. So the optimality of the error estimation of the Kalman filter cannot be reached. To address this question, this paper proposes the improved Sage–Husa Adaptive Kalman Filter (SHAKF) based on the index fading memory factor to realise the state estimation of the Kalman filter and navigation error correction. The advantage of improved SHAKF is it can accurately estimate the state vector when the measurement noise is unknown and time variant. To verify the validity of novel navigation methods, walking experiments under outdoor environments and indoor environments are carried out. The results of actual walking experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the pedestrian location error compared with the traditional ZUPT method. The mean location error is reduced by more than 10%, and the variance of the location error is reduced by more than 5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 2","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A threshold-based sorting algorithm for dense wireless sensor systems and communication networks","authors":"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam, Kiaksar Shirvani Moghaddam","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, time-varying and high-density data of wireless sensor systems and communication networks compel us to propose and realise low-complexity and time-efficient algorithms for searching, clustering, and sorting. A novel threshold-based sorting algorithm applicable to dense and ultra-dense networks is proposed in this study. Instead of sorting whole data in a large data set and selecting a certain number of them, the proposed algorithm sorts a specific number of elements that are larger or smaller than a threshold level or located between two threshold values. First, based on the mean value and standard deviation of the data, a theoretical analysis to find the exact and approximate thresholds, respectively for known (Gaussian, uniform, Rayleigh, and negative exponential) and unknown probability distributions is presented. Then, an algorithm to sort a predefined number of data is realised. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown in the view of the time complexity order, the running time, and the similarity measure. To do this, theoretical and numerical analyses are used to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in known and unknown distributions to the well-known conventional and gradual conventional versions of Merge, Quick, and K-S mean-based sorting algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 2","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50151320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on modelling of landscape architecture layout planning based on multi-sensor data fusion","authors":"Pingfang Wen, Hongwu Xu","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to improve the rationality of landscape architecture layout planning and reduce the energy consumption in the process of data fusion, a landscape architecture layout planning modelling method based on multi-sensor data fusion is proposed in this study. Firstly, the spatial layer of landscape plants is divided, and the quantitative index value of landscape architecture is calculated by Simpson diversity index. Secondly, the weight of plant index is determined by analytic hierarchy process, and the error of garden image is analysed by unsupervised classification of garden image based on multi-sensor data fusion. Then, the garden image is classified according to the existing template, and the training samples of each category of garden are extracted. Finally, the modelling of landscape architecture layout planning is constructed, and the optimal planning method of landscape architecture layout based on maximum likelihood method is proposed. The experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the energy consumption in the data fusion process, reduce the probability of damaged nodes becoming cluster heads, improve the stability of landscape forest layout planning method, match the plants according to the plant species, and improve the rationality of landscape architecture layout planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50150367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}