Journal of Medical Physics最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Heterogeneity Effects on Points A, B, and Organs at Risk Doses in High-dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer - A Comparison of ¹⁹²Ir and ⁶⁰Co Sources Using Monte Carlo N-Particle 5.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi, Sedigheh Sina, Ali Soleimani Meigooni","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_162_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_162_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present article deals with investigating the effects of tissue heterogeneity consideration on the dose distribution of ¹⁹²Ir and ⁶⁰Co sources in high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A Monte Carlo N-Particle 5 (MCNP5) code was developed for the simulation of the dose distribution in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms for cervical cancer patients. The phantoms represented water-equivalent and human body-equivalent tissues. Treatment data for a patient undergoing HDR-BT with a ¹⁹²Ir source were used as a reference for validation, and for ⁶⁰Co, AAPM Task Group 43 methodology was also applied. The dose values were calculated for both source types in the phantoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a good agreement between the calculated dose in the homogeneous phantom and the real patient's treatment data, with a relative difference of less than 5% for both sources. However, when comparing the absorbed doses at critical points such as Point A right, Point A left, Point B right, Point B left, bladder International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (ICRU) point, and recto-vaginal ICRU point, the study revealed significant percentage differences (approximately 5.85% to 12.02%) between the homogeneous and heterogeneous setups for both ¹⁹²Ir and ⁶⁰Co sources. The analysis of dose-volume histograms (DVH) indicated that organs at risk, notably the rectum and bladder, still received doses within recommended limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that ⁶⁰Co and ¹⁹²Ir sources can be effectively used in HDR-BT, provided that careful consideration is given to tissue heterogeneity effects during treatment planning to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commissioning of the First MRlinac in Latin America.","authors":"Rojas-López José Alejandro, Cabrera-Santiago Alexis, González Souto Xesús","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_6_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_6_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To show the workflow for the commissioning of a MRlinac, and some proposed tests; off-axis targets, output factors for small fields, dose in inhomogeneities, and multileaf collimator quality assurance (MLC QA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The tests were performed based on TG-142, TG-119, ICRU 97, TRS-398, and TRS-483 recommendations as well as national regulations for radiation protection and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The imaging tests are in agreement with the protocols. The radiation isocenter was 0.34 mm, and for off-axis targets location was up to 0.88 mm. The dose profiles measured and calculated in treatment planning system (TPS) passed in all cases the gamma analysis of 2%/2 mm (global dose differences). The output factors of fields larger than 2 cm × 2 cm are in agreement with the model of the MRlinac in the TPS. However, for smaller fields, their differences are higher than 10%. Picket fence test for different gantry angles showed a maximum leaf deviation up to 0.2 mm. Displacements observed in treatment couch adding weight (50 kg) are lower than 1 mm. Cryostat, bridge, and couch attenuation was up to 1.2%, 10%, and 24%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implemented tests confirm that the studied MRlinac agrees with the standards reported in the literature and that the strict tolerances established as a baseline should allow a smoother implementation of stereotactic treatments in this machine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Subtype Prediction Model Employing Artificial Neural Network and ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography.","authors":"Alamgir Hossain, Shariful Islam Chowdhury","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_181_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_181_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a common tool for measuring breast cancer (BC), subtypes are not automatically classified by it. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use an artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate the clinical subtypes of BC based on the value of the tumor marker.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In our nuclear medical facility, 122 BC patients (training and testing) had ¹⁸F-fluoro-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT to identify the various subtypes of the disease. ¹⁸F-FDG-18 injections were administered to the patients before the scanning process. We carried out the scan according to protocol. Based on the tumor marker value, the ANN's output layer uses the Softmax function with cross-entropy loss to detect different subtypes of BC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With an accuracy of 95.77%, the result illustrates the ANN model for K-fold cross-validation. The mean values of specificity and sensitivity were 0.955 and 0.958, respectively. The area under the curve on average was 0.985.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subtypes of BC may be categorized using the suggested approach. The PET/CT may be updated to diagnose BC subtypes using the appropriate tumor maker value when the suggested model is clinically implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revamped Editorial Board and Newer Goals for <i>Journal of Medical Physics</i>.","authors":"Sunil Dutt Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_103_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_103_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Gamma Index for Prediction of Pretreatment Quality Assurance in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of the Liver.","authors":"Rose Kamal, Deepak Thaper, Gaganpreet Singh, Shambhavi Sharma, Navjeet, Arun Singh Oinam, Vivek Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_176_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_176_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model to evaluate pretreatment patient-specific quality assurance (QA) based on treatment planning parameters for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively selected 180 cases of liver SBRT treated using the volumetric modulated arc therapy technique. Numerous parameters defining the plan complexity were calculated from the DICOM-RP (Radiotherapy Plan) file using an in-house program developed in MATLAB. Patient-specific QA was performed with global gamma evaluation criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm in a relative mode using the Octavius two-dimensional detector array. Various statistical tests and multivariate predictive models were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The leaf speed (MI_LS) and planning target volume size showed the highest correlation with the gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Degree of modulation (DoM), MCS_SPORT, leaf speed (MI_LS), and gantry speed (MI_GS) were predictors of global gamma pass rate (GPR) for 2%/2 mm (G22), whereas DoM, MCS_SPORT, leaf speed (MI_LS) and robust decision making were predictors of the global GPR criterion of 3%/3 mm (G33). The variance inflation factor values of all predictors were <2, indicating that the data were not associated with each other. For the G22 prediction, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 75.0% and 75.0%, respectively, whereas, for G33 prediction, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 74.9% and 85.7%%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model was potentially beneficial as an easy alternative to pretreatment QA in predicting the uncertainty in plan deliverability at the planning stage and could help reduce resources in busy clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo-based Investigation of Absorbed-dose Energy Dependence of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters in Therapeutic Proton and Carbon Ion Beams.","authors":"Arghya Chattaraj, Subhalaxmi Mishra, T Palani Selvam","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_25_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_25_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study is aimed at calculating relative absorbed-dose energy response correction (<i>R</i>) of commonly used thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) such as LiF, Li₂B₄O₇, and Al₂O₃ as a function of depth in water for protons (50-250 MeV/n) and carbon ion (80-480 MeV/n) beams using Monte Carlo-based FLUKA code.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>On-axis depth-dose profiles in water are calculated for protons (50-250 MeV/n) and carbon ion (80-480 MeV/n) beams using FLUKA code. For the calculation of <i>R</i>, selective depths are chosen based on the depth-dose profiles. In the simulations, the TLDs of dimensions 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm are positioned at the flat, dose gradient, and Bragg peak regions of the depth-dose profile. Absorbed dose to detector was calculated within the TLD material. In the second step, TLD voxels were replaced by water voxel of similar dimension and absorbed dose to water was scored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals that for both proton and carbon ion beams, the value of <i>R</i> differs from unity significantly at the Bragg peak position and is close to unity at the flat region for the investigated TLDs. The calculated <i>R</i> value is sensitive to depth in water, beam energy, type of ion beam, and type of TLD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>For accurate dosimetry of protons and carbon ion beams using TLDs, the response of the TLD should be corrected to account for its absorbed-dose energy dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Proton Stopping Power Ratio and Mean Excitation Energy Using Electron Density and Its Applications via Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Charles Ekene Chika","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_157_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_157_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a simple flexible method for accurate estimation of stopping power ratio (SPR) and mean excitation energy (<i>I</i>) using relative electron density (<i>ρ</i> _e).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The model was formulated using empirical relationships between SPR, mean excitation energy <i>I</i>, and relative electron density. Some examples were implemented, and a comparison was carried out using other existing methods. The needed coefficients in the model were estimated using optimization tools. Basis vector method (BVM) and Hunemohr and Saito (H-S) method were applied to estimate the <i>ρ</i> _e used in the application section. 80 kVp and 150 kVpSn were used as low and high energy, respectively, for the implementation of dual-energy methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the examples of the proposed method considered have modeling error that is ≤0.32% and testing root mean square error (RMSE) ≤0.92% for SPR with a mean error close to 0.00%. The method was able to achieve modeling RMSE of 2.12% for mean excitation energy with room for improvement. Similar or better results were achieved in application to BVM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method showed robustness in application by achieving lower testing error than other presented methods in most cases. It achieved accurate estimation which can be improved using the machine learning algorithm since it is flexible to implement in terms of the function (model) degree and tissue classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Global Cancer Control: Progress of National Cancer Control Programs through Composite Indicators and Regression Modeling.","authors":"Rohit Singh Chauhan, Anusheel Munshi, Anirudh Pradhan","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_21_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_21_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cancer is a significant public health concern, and National Cancer Control Programs (NCCPs) are crucial for reducing its burden. However, assessing the progress of NCCPs is challenging due to the complexity of cancer control outcomes and the various factors that influence them. Composite indicators can provide a comprehensive and accurate assessment of NCCP progress.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The dataset was compiled for 144 countries and comprised eight composite indices and two high-level comparative indicators (mortality-to-cancer incidence ratio [MIR] and 5-year cancer prevalence-to-incidence ratio [PCIR]) representing NCCP outcomes. Two large databases and six annual composite index reports were consulted. Linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to establish a relationship between indicators and NCCP outcomes. A multiple regression machine learning model was generated to further improve the accuracy of NCCP outcome prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-income countries had the highest cancer incidence, whereas low-income countries had the highest MIR. Linear regression analysis indicated a negative trend between all composite indicators and MIR, whereas a positive trend was observed with PCIR. The Human Development Index and the Legatum Prosperity Index had the highest adjusted <i>R</i> ² values for MIR (0.74 and 0.73) and PCIR (0.86 and 0.81), respectively. Multiple linear regression modeling was performed, and the results indicated a low mean squared error score (-0.02) and a high <i>R</i> ² score (0.86), suggesting that the model accurately predicts NCCP outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, composite indicators can be an effective tool for evaluating NCCP, and the results of this study can aid in the development and keeping track of NCCP progress for better cancer control.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Proton Resonance Frequency Coefficient in Agar-based Phantoms.","authors":"Antria Filippou, Nikolas Evripidou, Andreas Georgiou, Anastasia Nikolaou, Christakis Damianou","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_146_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_146_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Agar-based phantoms are popular in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) studies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preferred for guidance since it provides temperature monitoring by proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry. MR thermometry monitoring depends on several factors, thus, herein, the PRF coefficient of agar phantoms was estimated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seven phantoms were developed with varied agar (2, 4, or 6% w/v) or constant agar (6% w/v) and varied silica concentrations (2, 4, 6, or 8% w/v) to assess the effect of the concentration on the PRF coefficient. Each phantom was sonicated using varied acoustical power for a 30 s duration in both a laboratory setting and inside a 3T MRI scanner. PRF coefficients were estimated through linear trends between phase shift acquired using gradient sequences and thermocouple-based temperatures changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression (<i>R</i> ² = 0.9707-0.9991) demonstrated a proportional dependency of phase shift with temperature change, resulting in PRF coefficients between -0.00336 ± 0.00029 and -0.00934 ± 0.00050 ppm/°C for the various phantom recipes. Weak negative linear correlations of the PRF coefficient were observed with increased agar. With silica concentrations, the negative linear correlation was strong. For all phantoms, calibrated PRF coefficients resulted in 1.01-3.01-fold higher temperature changes compared to the values calculated using a literature PRF coefficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phantoms developed with a 6% w/v agar concentration and doped with 0%-8% w/v silica best resemble tissue PRF coefficients and should be preferred in HIFU studies. The estimated PRF coefficients can result in enhanced MR thermometry monitoring and evaluation of HIFU protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Treatment Planning and Delivery for Hip Implant Cases on Tomotherapy.","authors":"Pawan Kumar Singh, Rohit Verma, Deepak Tripathi, Sukhvir Singh, Manindra Bhushan, Lalit Kumar, Soumitra Barik, Munish Gairola","doi":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_182_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmp.jmp_182_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The metal present in the implant creates artifacts during the treatment simulation, which impacts the treatment planning and delivery of the prescribed dose to the target and sparing normal tissues. This retrospective study evaluated the uncertainties in the planning and delivery of doses for prosthesis cases with dedicated phantom.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 11 patients with a hip prosthesis having cervix carcinoma were selected. Two treatment plans were generated on treatment planning system (TPS) for each case. Plan_No_Res was without any beam restriction, and Plan_exit_only was the plan with restricted beam entry through the metallic implant. An indigenous phantom was utilized to verify the accuracy of the treatment. In the phantom, some groves were present, which could be filled by implants that mimic the patient's geometries, like left, right and bilateral femur implants. The delivered doses were recorded using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs), which were placed at different positions in the phantom. The plans were further calculated using megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) scans acquired during treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient data showed no significant dose changes between the two planning methods. The treatment time increases from 412.18 ± 86.65 to 427.36 ± 104.80 with <i>P</i> = 0.03 for Plan_No_Res and Plan_exit_only, respectively. The difference between planned and delivered doses of various points across phantom geometries was within ± 9.5% in each case as left, right, and bilateral implant. The variations between OSLDs and MVCT calculated doses were also within ± 10.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed the competency of tomotherapy planning for hip prosthesis cases. The phantom measurements demonstrate the errors in dosimetry near the implant material, suggesting the need for precise methods to deal with artifact-related issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":51719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Physics","volume":"49 2","pages":"270-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}