Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery.","authors":"Manjushree Bhate, Akshay Badakere, Craig Donaldson","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2413381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2024.2413381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery is practised in selected surgical situations in the management of adult strabismus. Careful patient selection and patient co-operation throughout the surgery forms the crux of successfully completing the procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To discuss and identify the scope of topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery based on the current level of evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of articles pertaining to the use of topical strabismus surgery was carried out and summarized. The pre-operative considerations and patient counseling, timing of administration of topical anaesthetic, nuances in the surgical technique, benefits and limitations were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients with relatively smaller angle of deviation, single eye surgery and patients who have not had previous strabismus surgery were preferred candidates for topical strabismus surgery. It offers the additional advantage of performing an adjustable suture technique with a one stage adjustment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A pre-operative office room force duction test (FDT) is important both for assessing patient co-operation and from the patient perspective with regards to the level of comfort or discomfort they may experience. The results with regards to the successful completion of the procedure and its benefits and limitations support the use of topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery in a select few.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review concludes that topical anesthesia strabismus surgery can be the procedure of choice in select surgical situations in the management of adult strabismus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial rectus re-advancement: more bang for your buck?","authors":"Khayam Naderi, Nicole Qin Xian Quah, Magdalena Adamowicz, Saurabh Jain","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2412689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2024.2412689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction:</i> Although there are guidance tables in the literature on surgical dosage for primary medial rectus resection-lateral rectus recession surgery, there is a lack of consensus on the surgical gains in medial rectus re-advancement (MRR) for the management of consecutive exotropia. We compared the surgical outcomes of primary medial rectus resection-lateral recession (RR) surgery, to MRR in patients with consecutive exotropia. <i>Methods:</i> Retrospective, electronic note review of consecutive patients undergoing primary RR surgery for basic exotropia (RR group), convergence insufficiency-type exotropia, and divergence excess, and consecutive patients undergoing MRR with or without lateral rectus recession (MRR group) for consecutive exotropia in a teaching university hospital. <i>Results:</i> There were 84 patients in the RR group and 27 patients in the MRR group. The median age in the RR group was 25.50 years (range 4-79) and 45 years (18-87) in the MRR group (<i>p</i> = .002). Median follow-up was 7 months (3-43) in the RR group and 1 month (1-12) in the MRR group. Post-operatively, there was a median exotropia reduction of 27.00 prism diopters (PD) (range +5, -65; <i>p</i> < .0001) for near, and 27.00 PD (+10, -51; <i>p</i> < .0001) for distance in the RR group. In the MRR group, the median exotropia reduction was 34.50 PD (2, -67; <i>p</i> < .0001) for near and 33.00 PD (1, -67; <i>p</i> < .0001) for distance. There was a greater reduction in the exotropia in the MRR group compared to the RR group for distance (<i>p</i> = .047), but this did not meet statistical significance for near (<i>p</i> = 0.10). The median dose-effect relationship (PD/millimeter) was higher in the MRR group both for near deviation (2.90 vs 2.15, <i>p</i> = .0073) and for distance deviation (2.91 vs 2.15, =0.0041). <i>Conclusion:</i> Based on our study cohort, medial rectus re-advancement appears to have a greater dose-effect in reducing the distance angle of deviation for both near and distance compared to primary recess-resect surgery. Further prospective longitudinal studies would shed further light on the dose-effect relationship over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science mapping and research trends of strabismus: a Scientometric analysis.","authors":"Azadeh Haseli-Mofrad, Zhale Rajavi, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Sina Khosravi Mirzaei","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2410817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2024.2410817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aim:</i> To draw and analyze a science map and research trends in the field of strabismus with the method of co-word analysis. <i>Method:</i> In this Scientometric study, all scientific outputs in the field of strabismus indexing in the Scopus database between 2005 and 2023 have been analyzed based on various Scientometric indicators. Data analysis was conducted using Excel and VOSviewer softwares. <i>Results:</i> The most significant growth in scientific output occurred in 2021, while the lowest was observed in 2023. The field of strabismus classified in four subject clusters, including Strabismus and Neurology, Alignment Disorders, Visual Acuity/Refraction and Strabismus, and Binocular Vision and Strabismus. Research pertaining to Genetics and Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) have notably emerged between 2014 and 2018, reflecting a trend toward increased research focus in these areas. <i>Conclusion:</i> The growth of graph scientific output in strabismus shows periodic fluctuations across various years, with its pick in 2021 and the lowest point in 2023 due to spread of COVID-19. Strabismus and neurology cluster had the highest frequently especially in the USA. Genetic and BCVA as emerging topics were frequently studied in recent years due to extensive progress of genetic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in management of congenital enophthalmos due to anomalous accessory orbital extraocular muscle bands.","authors":"Priya Goyal, Shailja Tibrewal, Daniel R Lefebvre, Suma Ganesh, David G Hunter","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2344538","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2344538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital enophthalmos is a rare condition characterized by posterior displacement of the globe, often associated with bony orbital anomalies or whole globe development defects. The purpose of this report is to present two unrelated cases of congenital enophthalmos secondary to anomalous accessory orbital bands and to describe characteristics of orbital imaging that differentiate this condition from the other causes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The case records of two patients who presented with congenital enophthalmos and were discovered to have anomalous accessory orbital extraocular muscle bands were reviewed. The clinical features, initial diagnosis, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and surgical outcomes were noted. A 3-dimensional reconstruction model was used to understand the approach and surgical management in one of the cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both patients presented with unilateral severe enophthalmos, globe retraction, and restricted ocular motility in all directions since birth. High-resolution MRI of the orbits revealed a short anomalous band, isointense to the muscle, arising from a rectus muscle belly and attaching to the posteroinferior part of the globe adjacent to the optic nerve. The caliber of the extraocular muscles and ocular motor nerves was normal. In one patient, surgery was not pursued due to the extreme posterior location of the band with proximity to the optic nerve. In the other patient, the deviation did not improve, despite successfully severing the accessory band, due to extensive scarring.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anomalous accessory orbital extraocular muscle bands are a rare and often overlooked cause of congenital enophthalmos when associated with limited ocular motility. Imaging the orbit can aid in diagnosis and help differentiate it from other causes. Safe surgical approaches to address the problem are limited, and available approaches may not be effective. These two cases highlight that the management of accessory extraocular muscle bands causing enophthalmos can be extremely challenging and difficult to improve even with intensive surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occlusion therapy for amblyopia, a historical report from 9th century Persian scholar, Ali ibn Sahl ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870 CE).","authors":"Narges Tajik, Mohammad Reza Talebnejad, Mojtaba Heydari","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2366392","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2366392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study reevaluates the historical origins of occlusion therapy for amblyopia, focusing on the contributions of the 9th-century Islamic scholar, Ali ibn Sahl ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870 CE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigation delved into al-Tabari's writings, particularly \"Firdous al-Hikma,\" to extract insights into his approach to addressing reduced vision in one eye.Additionally, the study examined subsequent advancements in occlusion therapy by scholars such as Thabit ibn Qurrah and Rhazes, building upon al-Tabari'sfoundational work.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Al-Tabari's reports contain significant insights into occlusion therapy for amblyopia, predating commonly attributed origins of the treatment. Within \"Firdous al-Hikma,\" he outlines methods for addressing reduced vision, advocating for the covering of the healthier eye to promote the function of the weaker eye. These findings highlight the pioneering efforts of al-Tabari and his contemporaries in the Islamic civilization and challenge the conventional narrative surrounding the history of occlusion therapy. Subsequent advancements by scholars such as Thabit ibn Qurrah and Rhazes expanded upon al-Tabari's work, advocating for similar therapeutic approaches within the Islamic civilization. Their contributions further solidified the practice of occlusion therapy, laying the groundwork for its continued evolution and refinement in subsequent centuries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Al-Tabari's contributions to occlusion therapy underscore the rich heritage of scientific inquiry in theIslamic civilization during the medieval period. This historical perspective sheds light on the diverse contributions to medical knowledge and practice outside of Western contexts and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and honoring these contributions in the broader history of medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Cambridge vision stimulator (CAM) therapy with passive occlusion therapy in the management of unilateral amblyopia; a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Ruaa Abdulhussein, Elham Azizi","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2353153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2353153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are limited studies on the effectiveness of Cambridge vision stimulator (CAM) therapy as a management strategy in amblyopic patients. In addition, all these studies have a low sample size. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CAM therapy with passive occlusion therapy in the management of unilateral amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial study, 110 cooperative amblyopic children, who had not been managed previously, were randomly divided into two groups of CAM therapy (<i>n</i> = 55) and passive occlusion therapy (<i>n</i> = 55). In the CAM procedure, five discs with different spatial frequencies (SF) (2, 6, 15, 20, 30 cycles/degree) were presented to the patient (30 minutes a day, twice a week). Plates with SF equal to the two lines better than the measured corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were chosen. During the training, the non-amblyopic eye was occluded. The standard occlusion therapy protocols were performed in the occlusion therapy group. The CDVA for all patients was measured at baseline and then at one, two, and three months after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients in CAM and occlusion therapy groups was 7.0 ± 2.1 and 6.9 ± 1.9 years, respectively (<i>p</i> = .721). There was no significant difference in the mean CDVA between CAM and occlusion therapy groups after one (0.30 ± 0.16 vs. 0.25 ± 0.14, <i>p</i> = .079), two (0.15 ± 0.10 vs. 0.15 ± 0.11, <i>p</i> = .732) and three months (0.05 ± 0.08 and 0.05 ± 0.06, <i>p</i> = .919) from baseline. However, the mean amount of CDVA increased significantly in each follow-up in both groups (all <i>p</i> < .001). Regarding the amblyopia type and severity, the mean improvement of CDVA from baseline in the anisometropic patients and in moderate amblyopia was significantly higher in the CAM group than the occlusion group after two and three months (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CAM and conventional occlusion therapies significantly improved CDVA in children with amblyopia, and the difference was not significant; therefore, they could be used as alternatives. CAM therapy requires cost and time for the amblyopic patient and parents. Thus, it can be considered as a second treatment option in amblyopic patients, especially anisometropic type and moderate amblyopia, with poor compliance to patching.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"123-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal loop myopexy for management of exotropia-hypotropia complex associated with high myopia.","authors":"Neelam Pawar, Praveena Shyam, Meenakshi Ravindran","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2367697","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2367697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exotropia-hypotropia complex is an uncommon phenomenon associated with high myopia. However, some literature reports cases of the exotropia-hypotropia complex where residual hypotropia is managed through a secondary surgery following the conventional recession-resection of the lateral rectus (LR) and medial rectus (MR). Nasal Loop myopexy as a primary surgical procedure for the management of exotropia-hypotropia complex has been rarely reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 24-year-old male with unilateral high myopia presented with a large angle exotropia-hypotropia complex with limitation of elevation in abduction in his left eye. His ocular deviation was successfully managed through a nasal loop myopexy of the superior rectus (SR) and MR using a non-absorbable suture, combined with large LR recession and MR resection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, the patient had satisfactory ocular alignment with improved hypotropia and normal elevation in abduction, contributing to enhanced binocular vision and better cosmesis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Managing the exotropia-hypotropia complex in the context of high myopia demands a comprehensive approach that addresses both vertical and horizontal deviations. The surgical strategy employed in this case, which included loop myopexy of SR and MR along with LR recession and MR resection, achieved positive outcomes regarding alignment, elevation, and binocular vision. The case supports variations in muscle path and the potential benefits of tailored surgical strategies for complex strabismus cases associated with high myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between fusional convergence, suppression depth, and exotropia control in intermittent exotropia.","authors":"Ken Kakeue, Miharu Mihara, Hinano Ataka, Ryoi Tamura, Atsushi Hayashi","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2362202","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2362202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: To assess the correlation between the contribution rates of fusional convergence from the dominant and non-dominant eye and suppression depth and exotropia control. <i>Study design</i>: Cross-sectional prospective study. <i>Methods</i>: The fusional convergence of 25 participants with intermittent exotropia (mean age 10.8 ± 3.4; range 6-18 years) was measured with an eye-tracking system. The contribution rate was defined based on the amplitude of fusional convergence during refusion relative to the exo-deviation angle. The suppression depth was assessed, and exotropia control was evaluated using the intermittent exotropia Office Control Score. We analyzed the correlations between the contribution rate from the dominant and non-dominant eyes and the suppression depth or control score. <i>Results</i>: There was a negative correlation between the dominant eye's contribution rate and the suppression depth in both eyes (<i>r</i> =  -0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.97 to - 0.20 in the fixated dominant eye and <i>r</i> =  -0.91, 95%CI: -0.95 to - 0.40 in the fixated non-dominant eye). There was a negative correlation between the dominant eye's contribution rate and the control score at a 4-meter distance (<i>r</i> =  -0.53, 95%CI: -0.76 to - 0.17). <i>Conclusion</i>: Suppression in intermittent exotropia patients could affect the fusional convergence in the dominant eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical treatment options.","authors":"Martin Ming-Leung Ma, Mitchell Scheiman","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2291056","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2291056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Currently, there is no consensus regarding the management of intermittent exotropia (IXT), which includes both surgical and non-surgical treatment options. Nonsurgical management of IXT has been suggested and includes watchful observation, patching, overminus lenses, prism, and vision therapy/orthoptics. While a significant portion of IXT patients are treated by surgery, it is reported that there is a substantial tendency for reoperation or recurrence of IXT. This paper provides a comprehensive review of non-surgical and surgical treatment options for the IXT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Search strategies involving combination of keywords including intermittent exotropia, divergence excess, basic exotropia, refractive error, glasses, spectacles, natural history, untreated, observe, occlusion, patch, overminus, overcorrecting minus, prism, vision therapy, orthoptic, anti-suppression, fusion exercise, and surgery were used in Medline. All English articles from 01/01/1900 to 01/09/2020 were reviewed. The reference list of the identified articles was also checked for additional relevant articles. Studies focused on animal models or strabismus associated with neurologic disorders or injury were excluded. The following filters were used for surgical management due to the abundance of reports: full text, randomized controlled trial, review, in the last 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Appropriate optical correction of refractive error is generally the starting point for all management approaches, but there is a lack of randomized clinical trial data regarding this treatment modality. Randomized clinical trial data indicate that both observation and occlusion are reasonable management options for children 3-10 years old, and there were insufficient data to recommend occlusion for children 12-35 months old. While overminus lenses were found to improve the control of IXT when assessed wearing overminus spectacles, this improvement did not persist after the treatment ended. The result of the only randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of base-in prism indicated that this treatment is no more effective than nonprism spectacles for improving control. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that vision therapy/orthoptics is effective in improving the control of IXT when compared to observation alone. Surgery was found to alter a number of clinical characteristics of IXT, including reducing the distance and near angle of deviation, reducing photophobia, improving health-related quality of life, stereopsis, and the Newcastle Control Score. However, there are no randomized clinical trial data comparing surgery with a control group such as placebo or a no treatment observation group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Rigorously designed clinical trials to investigate the effectiveness of non-surgical and surgical treatments for intermittent exotropia are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"159-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary IOL implantation for an aphakic patient with congenital cataract living in Bonin Islands; follow-up study.","authors":"Misae Ito, Kimiya Shimizu, Tetsuya Ikeda","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2367068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2367068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: We previously reported a case of a patient with bilateral congenital cataract identified in the Ogasawara village, Bonin Islands, Japan, on a visit by an ophthalmologist and describe its course over 17 years from initial surgery. Here, we report on a secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation that was subsequently performed at 22 years and 5 months of age. <i>Methods</i>: After cataract surgery at 7 months, the aphakic patient began amblyopia treatment using extended-wear soft contact lenses (SCLs). After 10 years of age, SCLs were chosen to achieve crossed monovision considering the cosmetic appearance when facing other people. At 22 years of age, a secondary IOL implantation was performed. Secondary implant in the patient considered appearance and postoperative vision without glasses, we selected the crossed monovision method using a monofocal IOL. The postoperative targeted refraction for the right (non-dominant eye) and left eyes (dominant eye) planed - 0.33D and - 2.25D, respectively. <i>Results</i>: At 3 months after surgery, the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) with IOLs for the right and left eyes was 20/16 and 20/60, respectively, and the binocular visual acuity was 20/16 for distant vision and 20/25 for near vision. The CDVA for the right eye was: 20/13 × IOL = sph-0.25D and that for the left eye was: 20/13 × IOL = sph -1.75D D/cyl -0.50D/Ax170°. Although the exotropia was complicated by dissociated horizontal deviation and dissociated vertical deviation, there were no significant changes in ocular position before and after surgery. The patient was satisfied with achieving independence from spectacles and SCLs. <i>Conclusion</i>: The use of the crossed monovision method with monofocal IOLs in this patient and defective binocular function created a visual environment with no inconvenience in everyday life after secondary IOL implantation. In terms of secondary implant after amblyopia treatment, the IOL type or postoperative targeted refraction must be chosen to maintain or improve the visual environment obtained with the amblyopia treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"202-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}