{"title":"The Duplic and Codic: the Importance of a Consistent Taxonomy of Verbal Behavior.","authors":"Bryan J Blair, Jesslyn N Farros","doi":"10.1007/s40616-019-00114-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40616-019-00114-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavior analysts operationally define relations among environmental stimuli and behavior both functionally and topographically, and an insistence on objectivity, precision, reliability, and accuracy for technical descriptions and definitions is a unique and defining characteristic of the field. However, occasionally, technical terms are inconsistently used by behavior-analytic educators, researchers, and practitioners, and these inconsistencies should be addressed. Because they can pose conceptual and practical issues if not fixed, terminological inconsistencies are not merely inconveniences. In the current paper, we identified and explained terminological inconsistencies with the usage of the term <i>transcription</i> in published behavior-analytic textbooks, manuals, and other reference materials. In addition, we revisited previous analyses and recommendations and restated the need for clarity in a verbal operant taxonomy, particularly for instructors, trainers, and authors of future textbooks, trainings, and manuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"35 2","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-019-00114-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amber L Valentino, Sherrene Brice Fu, Jessica L Padover
{"title":"Teaching Mands for Information Using \"Why\" to Children With Autism.","authors":"Amber L Valentino, Sherrene Brice Fu, Jessica L Padover","doi":"10.1007/s40616-019-00113-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-019-00113-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mands for information (MFIs) play an important role in language development and are important for successfully acquiring new information from one's environment. Yet many individuals with autism do not acquire mands for information without direct teaching. Research has demonstrated effective procedures for teaching all \"wh\" forms, except for \"why.\" This study investigated procedures to teach the MFI \"why\" under control of the establishing operation and examined the extent to which teaching resulted in generalization. The intervention was effective in establishing the MFI \"why\" for 3 children with autism, and generalization to novel scenarios occurred for all participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"35 2","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6877683/pdf/40616_2019_Article_113.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Shillingsburg, Videsha Marya, Brittany Bartlett, Taylor Thompson, Dianna Walters
{"title":"Teaching Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder to Report Past Behavior With the Use of a Speech-Generating Device.","authors":"Alice Shillingsburg, Videsha Marya, Brittany Bartlett, Taylor Thompson, Dianna Walters","doi":"10.1007/s40616-019-00112-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-019-00112-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"35 2","pages":"258-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6877675/pdf/40616_2019_Article_112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of the Interspersal of Related Responses on the Emergence of Intraverbals for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"M Alice Shillingsburg, Sarah E Frampton","doi":"10.1007/s40616-019-00110-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-019-00110-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the emergence of intraverbals for 2 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Prior to baseline, both children demonstrated tact, tact function, listener, and listener by function responses with 12 pictorial stimuli, yet they failed to demonstrate intraverbals related to the function of the items (e.g., \"What do you do with [item]?\" and \"What do you use to [function]?\"). Following baseline, previously mastered <i>related</i> tact, tact function, listener, and listener by function tasks were presented prior to probe trials for the target item-function and function-item intraverbals. Results showed that interspersal of the related tasks for a subset of the intraverbals led to the emergence of untrained item-function and function-item intraverbals for both participants. In Experiment 2, the long-term effects of this remedial training on the emergence of untrained intraverbals was evaluated as new tact and listener responses were trained. Results of Experiment 2 showed that tact function and listener by function training was sufficient to establish the emergence of item-function and function-item intraverbals in the absence of related-task interspersal. These results are discussed in relation to current explanations for emergent responding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"35 2","pages":"172-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6877681/pdf/40616_2019_Article_110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelica A Aguirre, Linda A LeBlanc, Andrea Reavis, Alice M Shillingsburg, Caitlin H Delfs, Catherine A Miltenberger, Kaneen B Symer
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Similar and Distinct Discriminative Stimuli During Auditory Conditional Discrimination Training With Children With Autism.","authors":"Angelica A Aguirre, Linda A LeBlanc, Andrea Reavis, Alice M Shillingsburg, Caitlin H Delfs, Catherine A Miltenberger, Kaneen B Symer","doi":"10.1007/s40616-019-00111-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-019-00111-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with autism are often taught auditory conditional discriminations in the form of personal information questions that might prove useful in conversation (e.g., \"What is your favorite food?\" \"Pizza\" and \"What is your favorite color?\" \"Purple\"). In these questions, the auditory stimuli presented as part of the compound discriminative stimulus (i.e., <i>what, favorite</i>, <i>color</i>/<i>food</i>) do not always simultaneously control responding. If all components of the auditory stimulus do not control responding, a child may master 1 target but have trouble acquiring subsequent targets that have a component of a previously learned auditory stimulus because the previously learned response is emitted. One way to avoid this problem is to teach many targets that have no overlapping component stimuli before introducing targets that include a previously learned component. Another way to avoid the problem is to systematically introduce overlapping stimulus components simultaneously to facilitate control by all relevant components. Three children with autism were taught auditory conditional discriminations. An adapted alternating-treatments design was used to compare the use of training sets with programmed overlap of component auditory stimuli to training sets with no overlap of stimulus components. The effects of these 2 arrangements were evaluated on trials to criterion and percentage accuracy during acquisition. All participants reached mastery faster with at least 1 target set in the nonoverlap condition compared to the overlapping condition; 2 out of the 3 participants met the mastery criteria for both overlapping and nonoverlapping targets at a similar rate by the 3rd training set.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"35 1","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6702486/pdf/40616_2019_Article_111.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolve and Elevate.","authors":"Mark R Dixon","doi":"10.1007/s40616-018-0109-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40616-018-0109-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"34 1-2","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-018-0109-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Future of Verbal Behavior: Integration.","authors":"Daniel M Fienup","doi":"10.1007/s40616-018-0108-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-018-0108-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The future of verbal behavior research is integration. Different perspectives and research areas with their respective sets of jargon exist, which could lead one to believe in competing perspectives. However, a close inspection of various areas suggests overlap between those areas. Integrating research from across differing perspectives could result in a comprehensive understanding of verbal behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"34 1-2","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-018-0108-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Future of Verbal Behavior: Collaboration and Inclusivity.","authors":"Siri Ming","doi":"10.1007/s40616-018-0105-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40616-018-0105-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a member of the incoming editorial team, I have been asked to speak to the future of verbal behavior research and of <i>The Analysis of Verbal Behavior</i>, considering questions about the direction of the field, the future path of the journal, and the message I would have for the next generation of researchers. In considering these questions, I propose that we ground strategic decision-making processes in values of collaboration and inclusivity, toward valued outcomes that include diversity and innovation, which I see as necessary for improving both practice and conceptual understanding, the traditionally stated aims of this community.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"34 1-2","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-018-0105-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mastery of Echoics in Chinese Establishes Bidirectional Naming in Chinese for Preschoolers with Naming in English.","authors":"Yu Cao, R Douglas Greer","doi":"10.1007/s40616-018-0106-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40616-018-0106-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The onset of the verbal behavior developmental cusp of bidirectional naming (BiN) in a second language makes it possible for monolingual English-speaking children to learn names of things in a second language incidentally. We conducted 2 experiments to identify why monolingual English-speaking children cannot demonstrate BiN in another language when they demonstrated BiN in their native language. In Experiment I, using a group design (<i>n</i> = 32 preschoolers), we identified Chinese speech sounds that monolingual English-speaking children with BiN in English for familiar stimuli could not echo. In Experiment II, using a multiple-probe design, we investigated if mastery of echoics with the speech sounds identified in Experiment I would result in BiN in Chinese with 6 participants from Experiment I. The dependent variable was untaught responses to the probe stimuli presented following the naming experience based on the echoic stimuli from Experiment I. The results showed that echoic training was functionally related to the establishment of BiN in the second language. It appeared that the emission of accurate echoics might be the key to second-language BiN and that emergent correspondence between producing and hearing that occurs with the mastery of the echoic responding may be the source of reinforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"34 1-2","pages":"79-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-018-0106-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Future of Verbal Behavior: Together Is Better.","authors":"Rocío Rosales","doi":"10.1007/s40616-018-0107-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40616-018-0107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior editorials have addressed the question \"Where do we go from here?\" This is a reasonable query as an incoming editorial team considers new perspectives and initiatives that may further benefit the journal. I will address two important highlights of the revised mission statement of <i>The Analysis of Verbal Behavior</i> aimed at actively encouraging diversity of thought in publications and focusing on narrowing the gap between applied research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51684,"journal":{"name":"Analysis of Verbal Behavior","volume":"34 1-2","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40616-018-0107-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37574101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}