Pakistan Journal of Criminology最新文献_第7页

International Experience in Ensuring Cybersecurity in Local Self Government Management as a Component of the National Security of Ukraine 确保作为乌克兰国家安全组成部分的地方自治政府管理中的网络安全的国际经验

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.827.841

{"title":"International Experience in Ensuring Cybersecurity in Local Self Government Management as a Component of the National Security of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.827.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.827.841","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the critical relationship between cyber security as a\u0000component of national security and its provision in local government\u0000administration. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the international experience\u0000of ensuring cyber security in the management of local self-governments in\u0000Germany, Poland and Ukraine. In research were used visual and graphic methods,\u0000a set of methods of processing, comprehension and interpretation of information.\u0000This highlights the level of trust in local authorities in Poland, Germany and\u0000Ukraine, as well as a comparison of the systems of local self-government entities\u0000in the selected countries. It was established that there is a need to create and\u0000develop an adequate cybersecurity system. The result of the study is an analysis of\u0000the cyber security strategies of Germany, Poland and Ukraine. Prospects for\u0000further research are the analysis of the possibility of consolidation and\u0000differentiation of powers by subjects of local self-government in ensuring cyber\u0000security. An analysis of the real need for the powers related to providing cyber\u0000security and the ability to perform them is appropriate.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of International Transport Crimes 调查国际运输犯罪

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1.18

{"title":"Investigation of International Transport Crimes","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating international transport crimes is a challenging issue for\u0000current global security, law and order, as well as economic stability. The aim\u0000of the article is a detailed analysis of international measures to combat illegal\u0000transportation, the crime rate, and security at customs. The data on the\u0000number of open violations at the European Union (EU) customs are provided,\u0000and the use of advanced technologies and international cooperation is\u0000described based on statistical analysis and a graphical method. As a result,\u0000the relationship between the effectiveness of customs control and the\u0000reduction of illegal transportation is established. The results indicate a low\u0000level of violations of the organisation of illegal transportation at a minimum\u0000level of 82 and a maximum of 106 cases in Europe. There is a need for an\u0000integrated approach that includes legal, technological, and international\u0000measures to combat this problem. The research opens up new opportunities\u0000for understanding the effectiveness of various strategies to combat illegal\u0000transportation. Prospects for further research in this area include the\u0000development of new international legal initiatives, improvements in\u0000monitoring technologies and a deepening understanding of the relationship\u0000between law and order, the economy, and global security.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Value of Forensic DNA Database 法医 DNA 数据库的价值

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1177.1184

引用次数: 0

Penal Proportionality in the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Law 保护可持续粮食的刑罚相称性农地法

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1019.1030

{"title":"Penal Proportionality in the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1019.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1019.1030","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the penal proportionality in the Protection of\u0000Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Law. It is argued that the severity of criminal\u0000sanction must correspond to the offense's seriousness. Using doctrinal legal\u0000research, this study employed a statute and conceptual approach with the literature\u0000study to collect the data. The finding of this study shows that the PLP2B Law\u0000violates the penal proportionality principle when it determines the threat of a\u0000criminal consequence. Even though they are considered minor infractions, several\u0000of them carry relatively significant criminal penalties that even outweigh the\u0000possibility of punishment for more serious acts. The objective of matching the\u0000seriousness of the offense to the severity of the criminal sanction has not been fully\u0000achieved. The determination of such threats of criminal sanctions does not, on a\u0000large scale, reflect the importance of social justice for all Indonesians. By taking\u0000into account the rank of offenses in the environmental harm-based criminalization\u0000model, Article 73 of the PLP2B Law must be proportionate to the magnitude of the\u0000offense. The determination of criminal sanction threats in the Law needs to be\u0000considered and compared to the determination of criminal sanction threats in other\u0000environmental laws.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal and civil liability of the wrongdoer in economic offences under Jordanian legislation 约旦法律规定的经济犯罪中不法行为人的刑事和民事责任

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1151.1162

{"title":"Criminal and civil liability of the wrongdoer in economic offences under Jordanian legislation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1151.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1151.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Most countries tend to confront economic crimes through their own\u0000economic laws. The study focused on showing the specificity of the mental element\u0000of economic crimes, which has extraordinary rules that are outside the general rules\u0000of offences established in the Penal Code. Most economic legislation treats\u0000wrongdoing offences as intentional. Here, the weakness of the mental element of\u0000economic crimes appears, being presumed. So that the legislator merely finds a\u0000mistake to inflict punishment. Derogating from the general rules, where punishment\u0000is imposed for acts of wrongdoing in economic crimes. The study also examines\u0000civil liability for damages and financial compensation. The mere fact that the\u0000offender has achieved the criminal result is punishable regardless of whether the\u0000offender's will exists or not. Because of the nature of the error in economic\u0000offences, the unintended economic offence is not subject to the provisions of the\u0000general provisions of the Penal Code. Economic offences are characterized by the\u0000imposition of severe and deterrent penalties. To achieve public and private\u0000deterrence and maintain security and the national economy","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Reform of Criminal-Procedure Legislation on the Criminality Rate in Moldova 刑事诉讼法改革对摩尔多瓦犯罪率的影响

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.447.465

{"title":"The Influence of Reform of Criminal-Procedure Legislation on the Criminality Rate in Moldova","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.447.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.447.465","url":null,"abstract":"Criminality is one of the most pressing issues, and it requires solving and\u0000developing a democratic state governed by the rule of law. At the same time, the\u0000reform implementation process, which could positively influence criminality rate\u0000reduction, is complex and long-lasting. The study aims to determine the main\u0000trends and principles of reforming criminal-procedure legislation in Moldova and\u0000determine its influence on the criminality rate. The study used a legalistic method,\u0000statistical method, and descriptive method. Based on the study’s results, the key\u0000tendencies and principles of reforming criminal-procedure legislation in Moldova\u0000were characterised. The main ones are the harmonisation of legislation with the\u0000norms of the European Union and humanisation. Statistical analysis of the\u0000criminality rate in Moldova was conducted, and some positive tendencies were\u0000outlined. In particular 2023, 7.7 thousand fewer crimes were registered compared\u0000to 2019. At the same time, evaluation of the dynamics of the criminality rate\u0000indicates the preservation of the high criminality rate. Based on the study’s results,\u0000analytical conclusions were presented, and some recommendations concerning\u0000further trends in reforming criminal-procedure legislation were formed.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating Media Regulation in Islamic Societies: Challenges, and Ethical Considerations 驾驭伊斯兰社会的媒体监管：挑战与道德考量

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.743.760

{"title":"Navigating Media Regulation in Islamic Societies: Challenges, and Ethical Considerations","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.743.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.743.760","url":null,"abstract":"This empirical paper investigates the regulatory challenges and strategies\u0000for enhancing media content production in Islamic societies. The Introduction\u0000outlines the importance of media regulation within cultural and religious contexts,\u0000emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that uphold freedom of expression\u0000while respecting societal values. The Method section discusses the methodologies\u0000employed to analyze current regulatory frameworks, including legal reviews,\u0000stakeholder interviews, and comparative analysis. Results indicate various\u0000challenges, including legal restrictions, technological disruptions, and cultural\u0000sensitivities, necessitating collaborative approaches and innovative solutions. The\u0000Discussion explores recommendations for future regulatory initiatives, such as\u0000embracing digital transformation, strengthening legal protections, promoting\u0000media literacy, and fostering cross-cultural dialogue. Overall, this study highlights\u0000the complexity of media regulation in Islamic societies and underscores the\u0000importance of adaptive and inclusive approaches to address evolving challenges\u0000while upholding ethical and cultural values.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal Liability for the Act of others in Economic Crimes under Jordanian Legislation 约旦法律规定的经济犯罪中他人行为的刑事责任

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.145.156

{"title":"Criminal Liability for the Act of others in Economic Crimes under Jordanian Legislation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.145.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.145.156","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal liability is the cornerstone of criminal policy, grounded on the\u0000principles of personal accountability and punishment. Individuals are not held\u0000accountable or punished for crimes committed by others. However, in light of\u0000significant economic and industrial transformations witnessed globally, including\u0000the emergence of economic projects affecting the state's economic center, and the\u0000rise of serious economic crimes constituting an assault on public funds, there\u0000arises a necessity to expand the criminal responsibility system. This expansion,\u0000rooted in the principle of personal accountability, encompasses other individuals\u0000to align with these evolving circumstances and reduce economic crimes. The\u0000primary question addressed in this research is to establish the legal foundation for\u0000penalizing an individual who did not commit the crime themselves. The study\u0000concludes the necessity of holding establishment owners accountable for the\u0000actions of their subordinates, given their supervisory responsibilities. This\u0000concept, known as criminal liability for the acts of others in economic crimes,\u0000diverges from the principle of personal criminal responsibility delineated in most\u0000criminal laws, including Jordanian law.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Counterterrorism in Indonesia: The Police Role in Ensuring Security 印度尼西亚的反恐：警察在确保安全方面的作用

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.733.741

{"title":"Counterterrorism in Indonesia: The Police Role in Ensuring Security","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.733.741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.733.741","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the mounting threat of terrorism in Indonesia, especially\u0000evident through alarming bombing incidents since 2002, the Indonesian National\u0000Police assumes a pivotal and multifaceted role. This research, employing a sociolegal research approach with a qualitative design, intricately explores the dynamics\u0000of terrorism, scrutinising legal frameworks, preventive strategies, and law\u0000enforcement tactics. The Police’s role in counterterrorism unfolds through a\u0000comprehensive framework encompassing preventive, preemptive, repressive, and\u0000curative measures. The analytical-descriptive methodology provides detailed insights\u0000into the social and legal aspects, underlining the significance of understanding and\u0000adapting to the evolving threat landscape. Preventive efforts involve proactive\u0000community engagement, public education on terrorism risks, and awareness\u0000promotion. Simultaneously, preemptive measures focus on community development,\u0000intelligence operations, and community policing, addressing potential threats before\u0000escalation. Repressive actions post-crime involve the Criminal Investigation Unit\u0000leading investigations, apprehensions, and legal proceedings, ensuring legal\u0000consequences for perpetrators and contributing to deterrence and justice. Curative\u0000measures, framed as rehabilitation, involve closely monitoring individuals suspected\u0000of terrorist activities, even without concrete evidence, adding a layer of prevention to\u0000uphold national security.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Political Parties and Volunteer Organizations in the Process of Shaping Political Identity and Human Rights Protection during Military Aggression 政党和志愿者组织在军事侵略期间塑造政治认同和保护人权过程中的作用

Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.99.118

{"title":"The Role of Political Parties and Volunteer Organizations in the Process of Shaping Political Identity and Human Rights Protection during Military Aggression","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.99.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.99.118","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the role of political entities and volunteer organisations\u0000in shaping political identity amidst the Russian military aggression towards\u0000Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of political parties\u0000and volunteer organisations on the processes of political identity formation and\u0000human rights protection during martial law. Sociological, graphical, and\u0000comparative methods were used during the study. The findings indicate the\u0000increasing significance of Ukrainian citizenship, the strengthening of national\u0000identity and the consolidation of civil society in Ukraine amidst Russian military\u0000aggression. It was established that there are certain disagreements regarding the\u0000support of existing and new political parties. At the same time, a significant number\u0000of citizens has an uncertain position on the support of specific political parties or\u0000the involvement of volunteer organisations in the activities. The substantial\u0000consolidation and expansion of volunteer organisations, coupled with increased\u0000confidence in their operations, indicates the culmination of the civil nation-building\u0000process in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0