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Penal Protection for the Consumer in E-Commerce Contracts by the Provisions of Jordanian Legislation 约旦法律条款对电子商务合同中消费者的刑事保护
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.341.356
{"title":"Penal Protection for the Consumer in E-Commerce Contracts by the Provisions of Jordanian Legislation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.341.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.341.356","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to address aspects of consumer protection in ecommerce contracts according to Jordanian law, given the severe risks involved in\u0000the stages of concluding and implementing electronic agreements, and to\u0000demonstrate the mechanisms and aspects of protection that ensure a balance\u0000between the parties to consumer relations, thus contributing to removing the risk\u0000from the consumer and avoiding damages if they occur. The researcher followed\u0000the descriptive analytical approach in his study by listing the relevant legal texts\u0000and analyzing them. The study concluded with several results, most notably: that\u0000the consumer's right to information and insight is achieved through identifying the\u0000provider's personality, describing the product or service subject of the contract,\u0000and indicating the basic features of the commodity or service. The agreement, and\u0000in its absence, the consumer may fall victim to fraud and imitation. Likewise, the\u0000consumer's right when concluding the electronic contract, the seller's obligation to\u0000deliver the comparable sale, and the consumer's right to withdraw.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Social and Humanitarian Function of Law Enforcement Agencies under Martial Law 戒严法下执法机构的社会和人道主义职能
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.375.388
{"title":"The Social and Humanitarian Function of Law Enforcement Agencies under Martial Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.375.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.375.388","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the place and role of the\u0000humanitarian and social function of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine in the\u0000context of armed aggression. The research employed comparative law, a doctrinal\u0000approach, and legal modelling. The study’s main results were the argumentation\u0000of the position that the humanitarian and social function of law enforcement\u0000agencies at the current stage includes the following elements. They are promoting\u0000the formation of civil society in Ukraine based on social justice; creation of\u0000conditions for its further development through the mobilisation of efforts and\u0000effective collective interaction. The research findings substantiate the proposition\u0000that the peculiarity of the activity of law enforcement agencies is that they are\u0000elements of the state mechanism and implement their main functions  law\u0000enforcement, and are also the guarantor of ensuring human rights and freedoms in\u0000the performance of a humanitarian and social function. The research focuses on an\u0000issue that is of urgent importance, both for the practical activity of law\u0000enforcement agencies and for further studies.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"28 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Damage of the Shadow Economy: The Urgency of Addressing Foreign Bribery in Indonesia 影子经济的危害：印度尼西亚解决外国贿赂问题的紧迫性
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.783.796
{"title":"The Damage of the Shadow Economy: The Urgency of Addressing Foreign Bribery in Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.783.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.783.796","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign bribery is a crime that occurs when an individual or company\u0000gives, promises, or offers something of value to a foreign official or person\u0000holding a public position in another country to obtain or retain a business\u0000advantage. This research explores the negative impact of the shadow economy,\u0000with a special focus on the practice of foreign bribery in Indonesia. This study\u0000uses a normative juridical approach. Researchers analyze and process collected\u0000materials qualitatively to classify legal materials and content analysis. The study's\u0000findings indicate that foreign bribery, a form of corruption involving illegal\u0000transactions between companies and foreign officials, is one manifestation of the\u0000shadow economy. This phenomenon threatens Indonesia's economic stability,\u0000social justice, and institutional integrity. Foreign bribery is against the principles\u0000of Pancasila, the Indonesian nation's basic ideology. This practice produces social\u0000and economic injustice by benefiting some people while harming others, often the\u0000most vulnerable. Indonesia needs urgent action to combat foreign bribery and its\u0000negative impact on the shadow economy. Through regulation of foreign bribery,\u0000effective law enforcement, and public education about the dangers of foreign\u0000bribery, Indonesia can strengthen the principles of Pancasila and build a more just\u0000and prosperous society.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"32 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Using Artificial Intelligence for Improving the Public Service Provision and Fraud Prevention 利用人工智能改善公共服务和预防欺诈的作用
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.913.928
{"title":"The Role of Using Artificial Intelligence for Improving the Public Service Provision and Fraud Prevention","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.913.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.913.928","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to establish the effectiveness of artificial\u0000intelligence (AI) for improving the public service provision. The aim was to\u0000determine the choice of law enforcement practice of EU member states and Ukraine\u0000for comparative analysis. Statistical methods and comparative law were employed\u0000as the basis of the research. The conducted research showed that the proposed EU\u0000regulatory framework for the development and use of artificial intelligence is aimed\u0000at analysing risks, promoting the use of human-oriented and trustworthy AI. It was\u0000established that introducing communication and cooperation procedures using large\u0000language models such as ChatGPT can optimise public service provision. The\u0000positive impact of the implementation of AI on the efficiency of public services was\u0000proved by applying a justified system of indicators. The analysis results gave\u0000grounds for proposing an approach to implementing artificial intelligence in public\u0000services. The prospects for further research will be the analysis of the\u0000implementation of the proposed EU Law on Artificial Intelligence in EU countries,\u0000considering the implementation of AI in the provision of public services.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"124 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Cooperation of EU Countries in the Exchange of Information in the Cryptocurrency Crimes Investigation 欧盟国家在加密货币犯罪调查信息交流方面的国际合作
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.527.544
{"title":"International Cooperation of EU Countries in the Exchange of Information in the Cryptocurrency Crimes Investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.527.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.527.544","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the role of international cooperation of EU countries\u0000on the information exchange in the investigation of cryptocurrency-related crimes.\u0000The research employed a combination of general scientific methods (description,\u0000analysis, synthesis, etc.) and empirical methods, particularly content analysis. The\u0000author used descriptive, comparative methods and analysis of legal acts. The\u0000conducted research gave grounds to provide suggestions for improving the legal\u0000framework of international cooperation of the EU countries on the information\u0000exchange in the investigation of cryptocurrency  related crimes; the adoption of\u0000the basic EU document on combating criminal activity using cryptocurrency is\u0000substantiated, proposals for its adoption are formulated in the work. Prospects for\u0000future research may include studies on the further development of regulations for\u0000the exchange of information in the investigation of cryptocurrency crimes.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"99 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Lawfulness of Gender Reassignment Surgery in UAE: Rights and Responsibilities 阿联酋变性手术的合法性：权利与责任
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.399.412
{"title":"The Lawfulness of Gender Reassignment Surgery in UAE: Rights and Responsibilities","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.399.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.399.412","url":null,"abstract":"Countries in the Middle East and North Africa lack any legislative framework to allow legal gender recognition (LGR) for their transgender populations. This legislative vacuum has forced transgender people who wish to receive LGR to undergo a lengthy, costly, and complicated judicial review process. This research explores the legal landscape surrounding gender reassignment surgery within the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and investigates the rights and responsibilities of individuals seeking such procedures. The study came to clarify the legal aspect of the sex change operation and to distinguish it from others that are like it, such as the sex correction operation, and to indicate whether there is any criminal liability on the patient or the doctor for this act by legislation. The findings from this study aim to inform legal practitioners, policymakers, and advocacy groups, fostering a more inclusive legal environment that respects the diverse gender identities of individuals within the UAE.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"178 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interim Minister’s Penal Liability 临时部长的刑事责任
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.665.675
{"title":"Interim Minister’s Penal Liability","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.665.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.665.675","url":null,"abstract":"There are three distinctive authorities stipulated in all constitutions: the legislative authority, the executive authority, and the judicial authority. Each authority performs its role as stipulated in the Constitution. The executive authority is considered the actual authority in the parliamentary system, i.e. all executive powers are exercised under the leadership of the Prime Minister, consequently; there is an actual minister for each ministerial portfolio. In all systems, the position of the minister is considered the cornerstone in managing the affairs of the ministry, especially in drawing up its general policy. Indeed, the minister represents his ministry before all authorities in the state, not to mention his primary representation before the Parliament since it is the entity that grants him confidence after taking the constitutional oath. While taking office, the minister holds responsibility for all his actions and deeds.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"11 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bullying in School Environments 校园欺凌
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.677.686
{"title":"Bullying in School Environments","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.677.686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.677.686","url":null,"abstract":"The research problem is expressed in the multifaceted question of the complexity meaning and manifestation of bullying in schools. The main research findings of the paper are the behaviors or actions that determine the most common forms of bullying behaviors in schools. In addition, this research enables us to obtain relevant knowledge about bullying with the help of scientific methods such as theoretical research of a qualitative nature, and the qualitative method of document content analysis which is mainly applied as one of the methods of data collection. This paper contributes from a criminological, victimological, sociological, and psychological point of view, which are engaged in preventing the appearance of bullying in schools as a negative and untreated phenomenon not only in us but also internationally.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"38 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cybercrimes in Light of The Rules of Public International Law 从国际公法规则看网络犯罪
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.549.560
{"title":"Cybercrimes in Light of The Rules of Public International Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.549.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.549.560","url":null,"abstract":"Despite what has been witnessed by the international community during the recent decade in connection with the widespread use of modern technology based on the World Wide Web in all aspects of life, as well as what this has achieved, including the easiness of having access to information and the reliance by the fundamental infrastructures and services provided to citizens on it, there have been adverse effects of this revolution with which we live in our life. However, legal experts have attempted to research how applicable its rules are to cybercrimes being considered cross-border crimes, and they can threaten the principles of sovereignty and non-interference. Therefore, this research has addressed the problem related to how applicable the rules of international law are to cross-border cybercrimes, which might violate the two principles above deemed to be some of the fundamental principles on which international law is based.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms for Ensuring Transparency and Accountability of Police Operations: A Comparative Study 确保警察行动透明和问责的机制：比较研究
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.649.664
{"title":"Mechanisms for Ensuring Transparency and Accountability of Police Operations: A Comparative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.649.664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.649.664","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to the definition and implementation of mechanisms for ensuring transparency and accountability in police operations and to identify best practices. The research used the comparative analysis method, the formal-legal method, and the content analysis method. It was established that principal mechanisms of ensuring transparency in police operations involve providing open access to information through digital channels available to the public; ensuring public participation and control over police activities; implementing interaction with mass media. The principal approach to ensuring the accountability of police operations is the evaluation of police activity. The work proved that enhancing transparency and accountability can be achieved through various mechanisms, including implementing a top-notch electronic platform for citizens, as demonstrated by the UK police website. Adopting the concept of community policing is another effective strategy to promote these principles, as well as utilising social networks for interaction with citizens and carrying out qualitative and quantitative evaluations of police work, such as police effectiveness, efficiency, and legitimacy assessments. The findings of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights for law enforcement agencies in Ukraine and other countries by facilitating the integration of successful practices into their policing operations etc.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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