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Convicted Women in the Republic of Kosovo 2003-2019: The Volume, Dynamics, and Structure of Criminal Acts in Comparative Aspect 2003-2019 年科索沃共和国被定罪妇女：从比较角度看犯罪行为的数量、动态和结构
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812
{"title":"Convicted Women in the Republic of Kosovo 2003-2019: The Volume, Dynamics, and Structure of Criminal Acts in Comparative Aspect","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.797.812","url":null,"abstract":"The participation of women in criminal activity in Kosovo has not\u0000received ample attention in research, despite existing studies focusing on women\u0000as victims. This paper aims to address this gap and lay the groundwork for further\u0000investigation. The study examines the phenomenon of women convicted with final\u0000verdicts, covering the period from 2003 to 2009 regarding volume and dynamics,\u0000and from 2010 to 2019 regarding the structure of criminal acts. It delves into the\u0000etiology of these crimes, analyzing the factors contributing to the increasing\u0000dynamics and the types of offenses committed during these years. Special\u0000attention is given to electricity theft, offenses against public transport safety, and\u0000offenses against life and bodily integrity. The paper uses the quantitative method,\u0000statistical analysis, and comparative analysis with other countries, such as\u0000Slovenia, Croatia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia,\u0000and Serbia in the same period.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical Confidentiality Breach Crime 医疗泄密罪
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.87.97
{"title":"Medical Confidentiality Breach Crime","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.87.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.87.97","url":null,"abstract":"This study study addresses the crime of medical confidentiality breach. This is committed by a physician, by defining the concept of medical confidentiality. It is entrusted to the physician to safeguard, as well as outlining the conditions of medical confidentiality, and specifying the elements of this crime, represented by the legal, material, and moral aspects, along with the legal basis for preserving patient confidentiality. It also discusses situations where disclosure of patient secrets is permissible and the termination of the obligation of medical confidentiality. Furthermore, it elucidates the penalties imposed on perpetrators of this crime according to legal texts. To clarify the subject of the paper; the study aims to demonstrate; the Concept of Medical Confidentiality, Conditions of Medical Confidentiality, Elements of the Crime of Medical Confidentiality Breach by the Forensic Physician, Legal Basis for Patient Confidentiality, Cases Permitting Disclosure of Patient Secrets, Termination of the Obligation of Medical Secrecy, and Penalties for Violating Medical Secrecy.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online Gambling Addiction: A Study among College Students of Kerala State, India 网络赌博成瘾：印度喀拉拉邦大学生研究
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942
{"title":"Online Gambling Addiction: A Study among College Students of Kerala State, India","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.929.942","url":null,"abstract":"Online Gambling may increase rates of disordered gambling due to its high degree of accessibility, immersive interface and simply spending money for these activities. The problem of college students developing an addiction to internet gambling has received increased attention recently in India. The availability of online gambling sites and the pervasive use of mobile devices puts a lot of college students at risk of developing a gambling addiction. Teenagers engage in both regulated and non-regulated forms of gambling. Different forms of non-regulated gambling activities include skill-based games, dice, sports betting, and card games amongst peers. Online gambling has opened the doors for entrepreneurs to be involved in fraud, theft, extortion, and money laundering in the gambling sites. This study through a questionnaire survey investigates the exponential growth of online gambling. The objective of the study is to bring out the demographic variables’ influence on online gambling addiction among college Students.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Establishment of Patent Infringement Offense: A Perspective on the Expansion of Patent Rights 论侵犯专利权罪的成立：扩展专利权的视角
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176
{"title":"On the Establishment of Patent Infringement Offense: A Perspective on the Expansion of Patent Rights","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1163.1176","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of science and technology has spurned an expansion in\u0000patent entitlements, particularly evident in the extension of the object, content, and\u0000term of these rights. Currently, the world's criminal legislation is in the trend of\u0000criminalization, the expansion of patent rights further promotes the criminalization\u0000of patent protection and is embodied in the change process of the patent legal\u0000system. To comply with the trend of criminalization of patent protection, it is\u0000necessary to establish the offense of patent infringement. This is not only an\u0000effective way for criminal law to play its role as the ultimate safeguard, but also an\u0000important system for encouraging market competition and promoting economic\u0000development.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast Fashion Issue in Vietnam: Legal Aspects and Environmental Protection 越南的快速时尚问题：法律问题与环境保护
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136
{"title":"Fast Fashion Issue in Vietnam: Legal Aspects and Environmental Protection","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1119.1136","url":null,"abstract":"The entire world is facing a tremendous acceleration in the development of\u0000the fashion industry and responding to the highly increasing demand for fashion\u0000items. However, the fashion industry is the main root of creating tons of\u0000environmental problems and greenhouse gas emissions in the corporate production\u0000process. Fast fashion is the new fashion trend, which has continuously been\u0000harming the environment, specifically contributes to carbon emissions and many\u0000other scenarios. The expansion of fast fashion products in the modern age all over\u0000the world has also created preferable conditions for nurturing fast fashion brands in\u0000Vietnam. In addition, it helps the advent of foreign fast fashion brands penetrate the\u0000Vietnam market. As a result, the Government needs to pay attention to some issues\u0000related to policies, laws, environmental protection, and sustainable development\u0000goals of net emissions in Vietnam. In the content of this article, the author examines\u0000the fast fashion trends in Vietnam from the perspective of law enforcement, and\u0000environmental protection under the goal of maintaining sustainable development,\u0000thereby making some necessary recommendations for improving the relevant legal\u0000policy.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Elements of Crime under the Pakistani Legal System: An Overview 巴基斯坦法律体系下的犯罪要素：概述
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.75.86
{"title":"The Elements of Crime under the Pakistani Legal System: An Overview","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.75.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.75.86","url":null,"abstract":"Under criminal jurisprudence, a crime is generally different from an offence, however, in Pakistan, both of them are seen as the same thing. There are different categories of crimes under Anglo-American jurisprudence, however, Pakistan does not follow this model and has categorized offences into three types on the touchstone of the presence of mens rea as the significance of mens rea is such that its presence or lack thereof changes the whole category of crime altogether. There are three essential elements of a crime: mens rea, actus reus, and concurrence, and the Pakistani Courts with a handful of exceptions mention the first two as the only elements while forgetting concurrence. While there is a presumption of mens rea for every offence, the same can be ruled out by the statute itself. The onus to prove the guilt of the accused is on the prosecution through reliable and admissible evidence as a person is deemed innocent until proven guilty. The methodology used in this paper is doctrinal.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Joint Responsibility of the Air Carrier Established in accordance with International Conventions on the Status of Air Terrorism 根据《关于航空恐怖主义地位的国际公约》确定的航空公司的共同责任
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144
{"title":"The Joint Responsibility of the Air Carrier Established in accordance with International Conventions on the Status of Air Terrorism","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.133.144","url":null,"abstract":"In the varying opinions on the legal groundwork and impact of aviation\u0000obligations, this paper review analyses the airline's responsibility and its part in\u0000ensuring the security of the passengers when they board the aircraft. In nations\u0000without any aviation regulations, the issue gets worse. In these situations, the\u0000obligation for instances of air terrorism is established with relevance to principles\u0000of general obligation. This is inconsistent, given the nature of air travel and the\u0000accidents that occur in this context. Why, if at all, is the air carrier responsible for\u0000the harm that terrorist attacks bring to the passengers? The article is to urge global\u0000legislators to relieve the airline of its responsibilities","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addiction in the Age of the Internet: The Case of E-drugs in the UAE 互联网时代的成瘾问题：阿联酋的电子毒品案例
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230
{"title":"Addiction in the Age of the Internet: The Case of E-drugs in the UAE","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.217.230","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing and protecting youth and society from drug harm is a goal that\u0000everyone seeks to achieve. In the first place, the legislative authority is entrusted\u0000with enacting laws and regulations to curb the new crimes, as the legislator\u0000succeeded in addressing in terms of criminalization and punishment for the crime\u0000of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. However, there is a legislative\u0000vacuum to stipulate a crime Digital drug, which the prosecution stands in front of\u0000confronting this crime in the absence of a text criminalizing this act based on the\u0000legal element of the crime (There is no crime and no punishment except by a text)\u0000which exacerbated the problem and made the matter more complicated. This study\u0000lies in shedding light on the possibility of providing digital drugs as reliable\u0000evidence to the investigation authorities, just like other types of drugs. The Results\u0000It's hard to criminalize digital drugs, because the Public Prosecution‘s reliance on\u0000the hormone dopamine in criminalization only, leads to the loss of the criminal\u0000case in proof by the Public Prosecution Office in the face of the accused, due to\u0000the difficulty of determining.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Compensation for Missed Opportunity within the Scope of Contractual Liability in Jordanian Legislation: A Comparative Study 约旦立法中合同责任范围内的机会丧失赔偿：比较研究
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732
{"title":"Compensation for Missed Opportunity within the Scope of Contractual Liability in Jordanian Legislation: A Comparative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.719.732","url":null,"abstract":"Missing the opportunity refers to any potential gain or hope prevented from\u0000being incurred by the injured party due to the fault of the party responsible for the\u0000damage. Compensation for such losses in contractual liability is only allowed in\u0000cases of fraud or gross error. Whereas tort liability includes the loss suffered by the\u0000injured party and the lost profits as a result of this mistake. If the victim had the hope\u0000and ability to achieve an opportunity based on reasonable reasons, if the harmful act\u0000did not prevent him from realizing this hope and the ability to achieve a gain, he\u0000deserves compensation for missing this opportunity, not the opportunity itself. The\u0000scope of compensation in tort includes expected and unforeseen damage, in addition\u0000to moral damage, including the harm suffered by the injured party and the lost\u0000profits. Compensation within the scope of contractual liability includes actual\u0000damage, as the Jordanian legislator did not address the issue of compensation for lost\u0000earnings within the scope of contractual liability.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of the Transformation of Public Legal Consciousness during Legitimation of the European integration of Ukraine 乌克兰欧洲一体化合法化过程中公共法律意识转变的作用
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418
{"title":"The Role of the Transformation of Public Legal Consciousness during Legitimation of the European integration of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.405.418","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of public legal consciousness during the legitimation\u0000of the European integration of Ukraine is key in ensuring the legal system’s\u0000effectiveness and determining the vector of further socio-economic development.\u0000The legitimation of European integration involves the implementation of state\u0000management and the implementation of information policy for the legitimacy of\u0000the vector of development based on the perception of socio-political opinion. The\u0000article aims to determine the level of development of public legal awareness\u0000during the European integration of Ukraine. The research employed empirical\u0000methods — surveys and forecasting. The work revealed a positive trend of the\u0000European integration of Ukraine and a positive perception of this process by\u0000society. The results regarding the negative trend of mass media perception at the\u0000level of 50% of public trust are interpreted, which requires improvement of the\u0000information policy. A promising direction for further research is conducting a\u0000correlational analysis based on the Trust in Media and the Rule of Law Index.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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