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Criminal Liability for Intentionally Transmitting the COVID-19 Virus to Others in the UAE Law 阿联酋法律中故意向他人传播 COVID-19 病毒的刑事责任
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.959.970
{"title":"Criminal Liability for Intentionally Transmitting the COVID-19 Virus to Others in the UAE Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.959.970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.959.970","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the alignment of the noble Islamic Sharia's emphasis on\u0000preserving human life and safety with international conventions and national\u0000legislation, particularly in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) response\u0000to the COVID-19 pandemic. Grounded in the principles of Islamic Sharia, which\u0000prioritizes the preservation of the soul, the study employs a qualitative analysis of\u0000the UAE's health policies and legislative measures against the pandemic, guided by\u0000the World Health Organization's recommendations and supported by a review of the\u0000UAE Constitution and global COVID-19 statistics. Findings reveal that the UAE's\u0000comprehensive health and legislative measures to combat the pandemic align with\u0000Islamic Sharia and international health guidelines, highlighting the effectiveness of\u0000integrating religious principles with modern health policies for pandemic\u0000preparedness and response. This study offers valuable insights into enhancing\u0000public health crisis management through integrating religious principles and\u0000modern legislative measures, underscoring the importance of strengthening\u0000legislative and healthcare systems in controlling communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temporary Procedural Protection of Innovator Rights in UAE Legislation: A Comparative Study 阿联酋立法中对创新者权利的临时程序保护：比较研究
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.327.340
{"title":"Temporary Procedural Protection of Innovator Rights in UAE Legislation: A Comparative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.327.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.327.340","url":null,"abstract":"When an innovator's right is infringed, the length of time it takes to resort\u0000to the judiciary for a final ruling in the dispute leads to increased damage to the\u0000rights of the innovator and the possibility of losing evidence to prove the right.\u0000This requires the innovator to resort to temporary measures to protect the right\u0000subject to infringement. Preventive protection of the rights of the innovator is\u0000embodied in measures that innovators are required to take, such as precautionary\u0000seizure. It supports the protection of the rights of the innovator, provided that the\u0000appropriate security is deposited to compensate the person harmed by those\u0000measures if it becomes clear that the person requesting the reservation does not\u0000have the right to request temporary protection. This paper evaluates all aspects of\u0000the temporary procedural protection of innovator rights in Federal Law No. (11) of\u00002021 regarding the organization and protection of industrial property rights and\u0000comparative laws.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virtual Police: Guardians of Security and Consumer Protection in the Era of Electronic Information and Transactions 虚拟警察：电子信息和交易时代的安全和消费者保护卫士
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.1061.1080
{"title":"Virtual Police: Guardians of Security and Consumer Protection in the Era of Electronic Information and Transactions","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.1061.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.1061.1080","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital era, cybersecurity is an important issue that requires a\u0000comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach. Virtual Police, as an initiative of\u0000POLRI, plays a vital role in combating cybercrime and maintaining digital security\u0000in Indonesia. However, challenges and obstacles related to human rights, privacy,\u0000and consumer protection must be considered. The results of this study relate to the\u0000implementation of Virtual Police must be carried out by considering the values of\u0000Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as\u0000regulations such as the ITE Law and the Consumer Protection Law. In addition,\u0000increasing public awareness and education about cybersecurity is essential.\u0000Cooperation between the government, the private sector, and the community is vital\u0000in achieving a safe and inclusive digital environment. By doing so, we can ensure\u0000that everyone can enjoy the benefits of digital technology without fear of\u0000cybersecurity threats. Despite progress, Indonesia must continue strengthening\u0000cybersecurity by improving technology, public education, and cybersecurity.\u0000Despite this progress, Indonesia needs to continue to strengthen cybersecurity by\u0000updating technology and public education and always respecting and protecting the\u0000rights and privacy of internet users.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Means of Military Diplomacy in Providing Information Security as a Peacebuilding Factor 利用军事外交手段提供信息安全作为建设和平的一个因素
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.309.326
{"title":"The Use of Means of Military Diplomacy in Providing Information Security as a Peacebuilding Factor","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.309.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.309.326","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to determine the role of military diplomacy in\u0000providing information security as a key factor in building peace through the\u0000identification of key measures to counter information threats in the digital\u0000environment. The research employed the following methods: content analysis,\u0000rating analysis, and survey results processing. As a result of the conducted\u0000research, the place of digital diplomacy was determined concerning military\u0000diplomacy as a special form of its implementation to provide information security.\u0000The security of cyber-physical systems has been proven to be one of the most\u0000important approaches to data protection in military diplomacy because, among\u0000other things, the security of critical infrastructures depends on it. The research\u0000findings can be used by diplomatic service officers to increase the effectiveness of\u0000military diplomacy in the digital environment by implementing the proposed\u0000measures and directions in their activities.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Medical and Health Liability Law under Jordanian Legislation 约旦立法中《医疗与健康责任法》的影响
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.515.526
{"title":"The Impact of the Medical and Health Liability Law under Jordanian Legislation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.515.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.515.526","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to thoroughly explore the impact and practical\u0000application of Jordan's Medical and Health Liability Law No. 25 of 2018,\u0000critically analyzing its compatibility with existing criminal and civil laws and its\u0000effectiveness in addressing medical error cases. Through an analytical\u0000methodology, this study delves into the legal texts concerning medical liability,\u0000establishing criteria for liability and fault in medical acts. The findings underscore\u0000significant insights into the legislative nuances that govern medical practices\u0000within Jordan, offering a nuanced understanding of the law's implications for both\u0000medical professionals and patients. By avoiding complex terminology and\u0000maintaining a formal register, the research elucidates the intricate balance between\u0000legal requirements and medical ethics, providing a comprehensive overview of the\u0000legal landscape surrounding medical liability. The study's outcomes aim to\u0000contribute valuable perspectives to the ongoing discourse on legal reforms in the\u0000medical sector, highlighting the necessity for laws that support both patient safety\u0000and medical professionals' rights.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legal Regulation of the Legislation on the Protection of the Suspects’ Rights during Criminal Investigation 关于在刑事调查期间保护嫌疑人权利立法的法律规定
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.857.872
{"title":"Legal Regulation of the Legislation on the Protection of the Suspects’ Rights during Criminal Investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.857.872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.857.872","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of protecting the suspects’ rights during criminal investigations is\u0000an important aspect of the functioning of the legal systems of modern democratic\u0000states. The effectiveness of European mechanisms plays a leading role in\u0000strengthening the rule of law, promoting the transparency of justice, and\u0000guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of every person. The article aims to study the\u0000effectiveness of the legislative and procedural frameworks for protecting the\u0000suspects’ rights in criminal cases in the European space using the case of Sweden.\u0000The paper examines the judicial system’s activity, focusing on practical and legal\u0000aspects, and highlights European mechanisms for protecting suspects’ rights.\u0000Special attention is paid to the Swedish model, which is an example of effective\u0000protection of the rights of suspects due to the developed system of socialisation and\u0000rehabilitation. The analysis revealed the need to strengthen international\u0000cooperation and harmonise the legislative framework at the EU level. The practical\u0000significance of the article is the identified basic advantages of the Swedish judicial\u0000system in protecting suspects’ rights, as well as the developed recommendations for\u0000improving the criminal process in European countries and in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legal Regulation of Insurance against Cyber-Attack Risks 对网络攻击风险保险的法律监管
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.585.600
{"title":"Legal Regulation of Insurance against Cyber-Attack Risks","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.585.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.585.600","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet has recently witnessed significant growth to become an\u0000important part of our daily lives, as it has grown to become the main part of our\u0000business as well. Nowadays, anything we do on smart devices can be seen by\u0000others, either with our knowledge or consent or without, it may seem obvious, as\u0000we can share our work on social networking sites. At first glance, however, it\u0000appears to represent a serious threat, including privacy breaches and data theft,\u0000and threats become even more important when these breaches directly affect\u0000businesses, customers, and the general public. It became necessary to protect the\u0000requirements of this development from those cyber risks to minimize the negative\u0000effects that these attacks and intrusions can have on facilities and infrastructure.\u0000The world has witnessed a technical development in the use of Internet devices\u0000and electronic networks, and this use has exposed these networks and devices to\u0000the risks of cyberattacks, data breaches, obtaining personal, financial, and\u0000commercial infor","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Information Policy in Shaping Public Opinion on Corruption in the Visegrad Group Countries 信息政策在影响维舍格勒集团国家公众对腐败问题的看法方面的作用
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.189.204
{"title":"The Role of Information Policy in Shaping Public Opinion on Corruption in the Visegrad Group Countries","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.189.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.189.204","url":null,"abstract":"The state’s information policy that limits press freedom and conceals\u0000incidents of corruption is a significant threat to democracy. The work aimed to\u0000identify the relationship between corruption and information policy in the\u0000Visegrad Group countries. The research employed statistical analysis, correlation\u0000analysis, multiple regression, and thematic analysis. The research established\u0000worsening trends in Poland and Hungary regarding the corruption rate. At the\u0000same time, there is an improvement in the positions of the Czech Republic and\u0000Slovakia, which may indicate an effective anti-corruption policy. Press freedom\u0000indicators show similar trends, decreasing for Poland and Hungary and increasing\u0000for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The correlation analysis revealed a close\u0000relationship between corruption indicators and press freedom in Poland and\u0000Hungary. The multiple regression analysis revealed the influence of the Press\u0000Freedom Index on the corruption rate. These results indicate the dependence of the\u0000corruption rate in Poland and Hungary on the information policy of the countries\u0000regarding the restriction of media freedom. The obtained conclusions can be\u0000useful for civil servants in the course of developing an information policy that\u0000takes into account anti-corruption trends.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legal Regulation of Embryo and Sperm Preservation Centers in Jordanian Law 约旦法律对胚胎和精子保存中心的法律监管
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.687.702
{"title":"Legal Regulation of Embryo and Sperm Preservation Centers in Jordanian Law","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.687.702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.687.702","url":null,"abstract":"A new category of banks called embryo and sperm preservation facilities has\u0000emerged as a result of the considerable improvements that have been made in this\u0000era across many centers, particularly the medical field. Yet, this development raised\u0000several legal issues because the Jordanian government did not adequately regulate it.\u0000The agreement reached between the centers for the preservation of sperm and\u0000embryos is considered to be special, deriving its specificity from the place and the\u0000purpose that the patient desired, and that delivery is not a requirement of the\u0000agreement, but rather an obligation that falls on the shoulders of the preservation\u0000centers. Accordingly, we hope that the Jordanian legislator will establish a legal\u0000system for these centers by adding a provision within the Jordanian Medical\u0000Liability Law No. (25) of 2018.","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Blockchain Technologies in Combating Corruption within the Virtual Assets Realm 区块链技术在打击虚拟资产领域腐败中的作用
Pakistan Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.62271/pjc.16.2.483.500
{"title":"The Role of Blockchain Technologies in Combating Corruption within the Virtual Assets Realm","authors":"","doi":"10.62271/pjc.16.2.483.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.483.500","url":null,"abstract":"The utilisation of blockchain technology can greatly hinder the\u0000perpetration of corrupt deeds owing to its data immutability and transparency. The\u0000purpose of the study is to assess the impact of blockchain integration on reducing\u0000corruption risks in the realm of virtual assets. It was found that since the\u0000introduction of blockchain, Estonia has almost doubled the ranking of countries in\u0000anti-corruption. According to the study, the volume of illegal cryptocurrency\u0000transactions continues to grow, requiring financial systems to adapt to new\u0000challenges. The prospect of further research should be based on strengthening\u0000financial security. The scientific novelty lies in the recognition of blockchain\u0000technologies’ potential as a tool for ensuring transparency and information\u0000inviolability within the virtual assets realm. The practical value of the study lies in\u0000developing recommendations for integrating blockchain technologies into virtual\u0000assets’ control and audit, which will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of\u0000anti-corruption measures","PeriodicalId":516769,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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