Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie最新文献

{"title":"Black life, complexities, nuances, and insights","authors":"Johanne Jean-Pierre, Carl E. James","doi":"10.1111/cars.12410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This was Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's communiqué to Canadians on Emancipation Day, August 1, 2022. As such, one would expect that hearing such assertion from the Prime Minister, then under his leadership, we would have seen the unsatisfactory social, economic, educational, employment, and health conditions of Black Canadians being addressed knowing the historical “legacy of systemic anti-Black racism.” But it might be that such language is reflective of the current context in which worldwide protests following the murder of George Floyd (May 25, 2020) by a Minneapolis police officer in the US1 and the racial reckoning that it generated, have resulted in a discourse of “Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Decolonization” (EDID). This discourse espoused by educational institutions, social agencies, business establishments, and government bureaucracies is taken to be an indication of their commitment to addressing the needs, interests, expectations, and aspirations of racialized members of society that they serve or are expected to serve.</p><p>Indigenous and Black Canadians are two racialized groups that have been identified as needing special or purposeful measures by which they would be able to gain access to employment, education, social, health and other services. Indeed, data have long shown that Indigenous and Black people continue to experience barriers to their participation in these areas; and as such, tend to be under-represented (Briggs, <span>2018</span>; James, <span>2021</span>; Thompson, <span>2018</span>), even as legislation, policies, reports and programs like Multiculturalism (1971), Employment Equity (1984), Truth and Reconciliation (2015) and other such mechanisms are thought to signal governments’, businesses’, and institutions’ commitment – and that of society generally – to accommodating and responding to the needs, concerns, issues and challenges of minoritized Canadians. But clearly, these mechanisms have failed to change the situation for these Canadians because if they did, there would be no need for today's education and employment initiatives to specifically identify Indigenous and Black people. In other words, if indeed, all minoritized or racialized people were benefitting from the promise of multiculturalism and Employment Equity policies and programs, then today's EDID initiatives would not have had to specially target Black people.</p><p>Why only in recent years – particularly during this period of racial reckoning – are Canadians prepared to recruit Black and Indigenous peoples into their establishments through EDID initiatives? A possible answer to this question might be that historically Canadians – socialized by their institutions – have maintained that unlike the United States, it is “culture” (typically attributed to being immigrants) and not “race” that accounts for the differences among ethnoracial group members. Underlying this notion is the colonial discourse of color-blindness structured on the white","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"430-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/fe/CARS-59-430.PMC10098828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9652614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating hate crime: Law enforcement decision making in race based hate crimes","authors":"Timothy Bryan","doi":"10.1111/cars.12401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, a growing number of police services in Canada have stressed commitments to protecting vulnerable communities from violence and intimidation and by combating hate crime. In 2020, the number of hate crimes reported to police in Canada increased by 37% to the highest number ever recorded. While social science research in several national contexts has examined the policing of hate crime, few studies have examined how police investigate hate crimes in Canada. This paper examines the investigative process and police decision-making with respect to racially motivated and anti-Black hate crimes reported in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). This paper argues that while police claim that the circumstances of a given incident determines how police respond and whether a case is ultimately solved, in fact police decision making and particularly the way police conceive of racism and hate, profoundly shapes investigative processes and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"490-506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10469637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building solidarity: The founding of the Canadian Sociological Association (CSA) black caucus","authors":"Johanne Jean-Pierre,&nbsp;Alana Butler,&nbsp;Océane Jasor,&nbsp;Julius Haag,&nbsp;Natalie Delia Deckard","doi":"10.1111/cars.12411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"544-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40696710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of Black immigrant entrepreneurs of African descent in the Prairies of Canada","authors":"Amos Nkrumah","doi":"10.1111/cars.12405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"550-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10521803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Théorie Critique De La Race, Un Outil De Lecture Des Relations Ambiguës Entre Les Communautés Francophones En Situation Minoritaire Et Leurs Immigrants Noirs Francophones","authors":"Leyla Sall,&nbsp;Faiçal Zellama,&nbsp;Nathalie Piquemal,&nbsp;Suzanne Huot","doi":"10.1111/cars.12408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In becoming host communities for Francophone immigrants in the early 2000s, Canada's Francophone minority communities (FMCs) are facing the test of moving away from a predominant ethnic nationalism to an inclusive civic nationalism. The reception and integration of Black and Francophone immigrants is therefore a relevant indicator of the success of this test. Drawing on critical race theory and bricolage methodology, we reconstruct the ambiguous relationship between FMCs and their Black francophone immigrants who are both invited into French society and discriminated against.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"525-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les composantes de l'espoir critique dans les récits de parents Afro-Canadiens de la Nouvelle-Écosse","authors":"Johanne Jean-Pierre","doi":"10.1111/cars.12409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, there is increasing awareness of the magnitude of anti-Black racism. As a consequence, several school administrations reiterated their commitment to foster an inclusive school climate and to challenge discrimination, including anti-Black racism. Critical hope is a theoretical concept that is considered essential to accomplish in-depth transformations to fight social injustices. Duncan-Andrade (2009) distinguishes three elements that produce critical hope in school settings: material hope, Socratic hope, and audacious hope. This article draws from data collected during a bilingual qualitative study conducted with African Canadians in Nova Scotia, including immigrants and African Nova-Scotians. The analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted with 60 participants revealed the role of critical hope within critical pedagogy frameworks, including an anti-racist approach, to promote the development of concrete actions and critical consciousness among school personnel, while avoiding false hopes, cynicism, discouragement, or fatalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"507-524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/45/CARS-59-507.PMC10099314.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9297227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wanted: A political sociology of race in Canada","authors":"Anne-Marie Livingstone","doi":"10.1111/cars.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The essay discusses the importance of political sociology for the study of race in the settler state of Canada, and proposes directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"557-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40660636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The colour of system avoidance in Canada: Investigating the importance of immigrant generation among African Canadians","authors":"Camisha Sibblis,&nbsp;Natalie Delia Deckard,&nbsp;Kemi Salawu Anazodo","doi":"10.1111/cars.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The criminalization of Black people in Canada, and their relative distrust of systems of criminal justice, are well-established realities. Here, we problematize the monolithic construction of Blackness implied in this statement. Interrogating differences in African-born immigrants’ responses on the General Social Survey, we build on existing theories regarding the 1.5 generation of immigrants in order to demonstrate that those Black immigrants who arrived as children, grew up in Canada, and participated in Canadian education, labour markets, and other institutions of socialization, are the most likely to distrust police, systems of criminal justice and Canadian institutions more generally. We theorize that, contrary to prevailing opinions regarding the ways in which distrust in Black communities stems from wariness of law enforcement in home countries, Canadian system avoidance is led by Black people who are from Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"470-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10463286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beauty","authors":"Shirley Anne Tate","doi":"10.1111/cars.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beauty is not race neutral. It is a racialized category/ perception which emerged through centuries of European colonization, Indigenous genocide, African/Black enslavement and indenture resulting in an aesthetic hierarchy with Blackness at the bottom. The coloniality of aesthetics means that still today hair perceived as Black in texture and styling and darker skin on African descent bodies are the repositories of anti-Blackness. However, Black women, children and men continue to fight back by (re)creating Black antiracist aesthetics focused on valorizing Black skin and hair.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"547-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10465010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black affirming pedagogy: Reflections on the premises, challenges and possibilities of mainstreaming antiracist black pedagogy in Canadian sociology","authors":"Oral Robinson","doi":"10.1111/cars.12400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cars.12400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antiblackness, anti-Black racism and other oppressions work within systems such as capitalism, white supremacy and globalization. As a system, Canadian higher education institutions are complicit with the oppression of Black, Indigenous and racialized peoples. Anti-oppressive and antiracist pedagogies attempt to challenge institutional power and oppression but face resistance within the academy and wider society. This paper articulates Black Affirming Pedagogy as an additional anticolonial, antiracist, pro-Black teaching praxis aimed at furthering educators’ resiliencies and capacities for cultivating transformations and social change. Pro-Black affirmations of Blackness, allyship/solidarity, humanity, diverse knowledge, and action are discussed alongside strategies for praxis. Risks of engaging in Black Affirming Pedagogy and suggestions for overcoming them are also highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51649,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie","volume":"59 4","pages":"451-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77988187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}