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Social Networks and the Political Salience of Ethnicity 社会网络和种族的政治突出性
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-01-10 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017044
Nicholas Eubank
{"title":"Social Networks and the Political Salience of Ethnicity","authors":"Nicholas Eubank","doi":"10.1561/100.00017044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017044","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic politics scholars are increasingly convinced that (a) the political salience of ethnicity and (b) the correlation between ethnolinguistic fractionalization (ELF) and poor development are driven by the dense social networks shared by co-ethnics. By this argument, social networks allow ethnic parties to leverage inbuilt networks to share information and support collective action, while ethnically fragmented communities struggle to hold politicians accountable. This paper provides the first comprehensive empirical test of the assumption underlying this argument. Using seven months of telecommunications data from 9 million mobile subscribers in Zambia — which includes records of almost 2 billion calls and SMS messages — to measure social networks across an entire country, this paper finds that electoral constituencies with high ELF also have more fragmented social networks, especially in rural areas. It also finds other potential cleavages that have not achieved political salience (namely, religious identity and employment sector) are not correlated with network fragmentation, consistent with the idea that ethnicity achieves salience because it offers an organizational advantage not offered by other cleavages. Finally, it also finds that both voter knowledge and public goods are negatively correlated with network fragmentation, consistent with the network-proxy hypothesis. ∗This project would not have been possible without the generosity of numerous parties, including Real Impact Analytics, Real Impact’s Chief Data Scientists Gautier Krings, and its CEO Sébastien Deletaille. The author is also indebted to Ramya Parthasarathy, Ernest Online Appendix available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00017044_app Supplementary Material available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00017044_supp MS submitted on 15 March 2017; final version received 30 July 2018 ISSN 1554-0626; DOI 10.1561/100.00017044 © 2019 N. Eubank","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42998061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
THE IMPACT OF MEDICAID EXPANSION ON VOTER PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE OREGON HEALTH INSURANCE EXPERIMENT. 医疗补助扩大对选民参与的影响:来自俄勒冈州医疗保险实验的证据。
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1561/100.00019026
Katherine Baicker, Amy Finkelstein
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF MEDICAID EXPANSION ON VOTER PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE OREGON HEALTH INSURANCE EXPERIMENT.","authors":"Katherine Baicker,&nbsp;Amy Finkelstein","doi":"10.1561/100.00019026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00019026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2008, a group of uninsured low-income adults in Oregon was selected by lottery for the chance to apply for Medicaid. Using this randomized design and state administrative data on voter behavior, we analyze how a Medicaid expansion affected voter turnout and registration. We find that Medicaid increased voter turnout in the November 2008 Presidential election by about 7 percent overall, with the effects concentrated in men (18 percent increase) and in residents of Democratic counties (10 percent increase); there is suggestive evidence that the increase in voting reflected new voter registrations, rather than increased turnout among pre-existing registrants. There is no evidence of an increase in voter turnout in subsequent elections, up to and including the November 2010 midterm election.</p>","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00019026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10345658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Print Media and the American Party System: Evidence from the 2016 US Presidential Election 平面媒体与美国政党制度——来自2016年美国总统大选的证据
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-10-30 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017115
Michael P. Olson
{"title":"The Print Media and the American Party System: Evidence from the 2016 US Presidential Election","authors":"Michael P. Olson","doi":"10.1561/100.00017115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017115","url":null,"abstract":"The Print Media and the American Party System: Evidence from the 2016 US Presidential Election","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Democratic Reform and Opposition to Government Expenditure: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Britai 民主改革与反对政府开支:来自19世纪英国的证据
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-10-30 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017024
Jonathan Chapman
{"title":"Democratic Reform and Opposition to Government Expenditure: \u0000 Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Britai","authors":"Jonathan Chapman","doi":"10.1561/100.00017024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017024","url":null,"abstract":"Several theories have argued that democratic reform will lead to higher government spending. However, these theories have generally focused on expenditure on redistribution rather than expenditure on public goods. This paper argues that poorer citizens may desire relatively low levels of public goods provision and so democratization may lead to lower government expenditure on items such as public infrastructure. This hypothesis is tested using a new panel dataset of town council infrastructure spending and revenue in nineteenth-century Britain. An 1894 national reform implementing a system of “one-household-one-vote” and the secret ballot is used as the treatment event in a difference-in-difference analysis. The results show that democratic reform slowed the growth of town council spending on public goods, including water supply and other public infrastructure. Further analysis suggests that government spending was highest when the balance of political power was held by the middle class, rather than the poor.","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45332993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Political Loyalty and Leader Health 政治忠诚与领导者健康
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-10-30 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017123
B. B. D. Mesquita, Alastair M. Smith
{"title":"Political Loyalty and Leader Health","authors":"B. B. D. Mesquita, Alastair M. Smith","doi":"10.1561/100.00017123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Who is Targeted in Corruption? Disentangling the Effects of Wealth and Power on Exposure to Bribery 谁是腐败的目标?财富和权力对贿赂暴露的影响
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017067
A. Robinson, Brigitte Seim
{"title":"Who is Targeted in Corruption? Disentangling the Effects of Wealth and Power on Exposure to Bribery","authors":"A. Robinson, Brigitte Seim","doi":"10.1561/100.00017067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017067","url":null,"abstract":"Who is Targeted in Corruption? Disentangling the Effects of Wealth and Power on Exposure to Bribery","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Does Rape Culture Predict Rape? Evidence from U.S. Newspapers, 2000–2013 强奸文化能预测强奸吗？来自美国报纸的证据，2000-2003年
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-08-29 DOI: 10.1561/100.00016124
M. Baum, D. Cohen, Y. Zhukov
{"title":"Does Rape Culture Predict Rape? Evidence from U.S. Newspapers, 2000–2013","authors":"M. Baum, D. Cohen, Y. Zhukov","doi":"10.1561/100.00016124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00016124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We offer the first quantitative analysis of rape culture in the United States. Observers have long worried that biased news coverage of rape which blames victims, empathizes with perpetrators, implies consent, and questions victims’ credibility may deter victims from coming forward, and ultimately increase the incidence of rape. We present a theory of how rape culture might shape the preferences and choices of perpetrators, victims and law enforcement, and test this theory with data on news stories about rape published in U.S. newspapers between 2000 and 2013. We find that rape culture in the media predicts both the frequency of rape and its pursuit through the local criminal justice system. In jurisdictions where rape culture was more prevalent, there were more documented rape cases, but authorities were less vigilant in pursuing them.","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00016124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Presidential Selection of Supreme Court Nominees: The Characteristics Approach 总统选择最高法院候选人:特征方法
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3216757
C. Cameron, Jonathan P. Kastellec, Lauren A. Mattioli
{"title":"Presidential Selection of Supreme Court Nominees: The Characteristics Approach","authors":"C. Cameron, Jonathan P. Kastellec, Lauren A. Mattioli","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3216757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3216757","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of every nomination to the Supreme Court, a unified theory that illuminates presidential selection of nominees across the modern political era remains elusive. We propose a new theory --- the \"characteristics approach\" --- that envisions nominees as bundles of characteristics, such as ideology, policy reliability, and attributes of diversity. We formalize the theory, which emphasizes the political returns to presidents from a nominee's characteristics and the \"costs\" of finding and confirming such individuals, and derive explicit presidential demand functions for these characteristics. Using newly collected data on both nominees and short-list candidates, we estimate these demand functions. They reveal some striking and under-appreciated regularities in appointment politics. In particular, the substantial increase in presidential interest in the Supreme Court's policy output and the increased availability of candidates with desired characteristics has led to significant changes in appointment politics and the composition of the Court.","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42417280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Are Americans Stuck in Uncompetitive Enclaves? An Appraisal of U.S. Electoral Competition 美国人被困在没有竞争力的包围圈里了吗？美国选举竞争评价
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-05-23 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017161
Bernard L. Fraga, Eitan Hersh
{"title":"Are Americans Stuck in Uncompetitive Enclaves? An Appraisal of U.S. Electoral Competition","authors":"Bernard L. Fraga, Eitan Hersh","doi":"10.1561/100.00017161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017161","url":null,"abstract":"Most elections in the United States are not close, which has raised concerns among social scientists and reform advocates about the vibrancy of American democracy. In this paper, we demonstrate that while individual elections are often uncompetitive, hierarchical, temporal, and geographic variation in the locus of competition results in most of the country regularly experiencing close elections. In the four-cycle period between 2006 and 2012, 89% of Americans were in a highly competitive jurisdiction for at least one office. Since 1914, about half the states have never gone more than four election cycles without a close statewide contest. More Americans witness competition than citizens of Canada or the UK, other nations with SMSP-based systems. The dispersed competition we find also results in nearly all Americans being represented by both political parties for different offices.","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44597039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Publicizing Scandal: Results from Five Field Experiments 宣传丑闻:五个实地实验的结果
IF 1.7 3区 社会学
Quarterly Journal of Political Science Pub Date : 2018-05-23 DOI: 10.1561/100.00017094
D. Green, Adam Zelizer, D. Kirby
{"title":"Publicizing Scandal: Results from Five Field Experiments","authors":"D. Green, Adam Zelizer, D. Kirby","doi":"10.1561/100.00017094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00017094","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of research on the persuasive effects of propaganda, little is known about opinion change in the wake of journalistic accounts of scandal involving public officials. To what extent and under what conditions do opinions change in the wake of information conveyed through newspapers? We conducted five experiments to assess how publicizing scandal changes evaluations of the specific public officials involved and attitudes towards government in general. In each study, subjects drawn from voter files and lists of party activists were mailed “special edition” investigative newspapers that reported on scandals involving public officials. Feature stories depicted some public officials as villains and others as heroes. Treatment and control groups were interviewed approximately two weeks later. We find significant effects on both voters and activists. The most striking pattern is the change in net favorability of the public officials implicated in the scandals. Evaluations of the villains deteriorated and evaluations of the heroes improved. Changes in evaluations are especially large when scandals implicated public officials with whom respondents had little prior familiarity.","PeriodicalId":51622,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1561/100.00017094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47654586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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