Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Arachnoid granulations: Dynamic nature and review","authors":"Andrew Wai Kei Ko,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelmonem,&nbsp;M. Reza Taheri","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arachnoid granulations have been known for centuries yet remain incompletely understood. While traditionally associated with cerebrospinal fluid transport, the precise mechanism remains uncertain. This manuscript reviews the literature on the anatomy, histology, and imaging findings of arachnoid granulations and their mimickers and anomalous variations. We highlight variations in incidence, size, and characteristics of arachnoid granulations on imaging, and hypothesize that these variations may be explained by arachnoid granulations being dynamic secondary to varying functionality. We review the pathophysiologic role of arachnoid granulations in pathologies related to hydrocephalus, neurodegenerative disorders, and intracranial hypertension and hypotension. A further understanding of arachnoid granulations, their mechanism in cerebrospinal fluid transport, and change over time may provide a basis for future imaging markers and therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing radiologist performance","authors":"Heidi N. Keiser PhD,&nbsp;Richard B. Gunderman MD, PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unless radiologist performance assessment is sufficiently deep, comprehensive, and balanced, it may tend to omit, obscure, or distort key aspects of the important contributions that radiologists make, with adverse consequences for employers, radiologists themselves, and above all, the patients they serve. Here we present a model of performance assessment that includes eight key dimensions, which can be tailored as appropriate to the needs of particular programs and radiologists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 287-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of complex imaging reports to patients, do radiologists trust AI to help?","authors":"Kanhai S. Amin BS ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Davis MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Amir Naderi BS ,&nbsp;Howard P. Forman MD, MBA","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As a result of the 21st Century Cures Act, radiology reports are immediately released to patients. However, these reports are often too complex for the lay patient, potentially leading to stress and anxiety. While solutions such as patient portals or providing radiologist contact information have been proposed in the past, new generative artificial intelligence technologies like ChatGPT and Google Gemini may provide the most accessible and scalable method of simplifying radiology reports for patients. Here, we gather the opinions of radiologists regarding this possibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An eight-question survey was sent out to all diagnostic/interventional radiology attendings and clinical fellows at our large academic medical center.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From our survey (<em>N</em> = 52), 52.8 % of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that patients should have immediate access to their radiology reports. Only 9.61 % agreed that radiology reports are understandable by the lay patient. Regarding potential avenues to improve patient comprehension of their radiology reports, using artificial intelligence to simplify reports with a manual check by radiologists garnered the most support/strong support (46.2 %). Support of artificial intelligence generated simplifications dropped to (23.1 %) without a manual check.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients are increasingly gaining access to their radiology reports, but reports may be too complex for the lay patient. Eventually, artificial intelligence systems may help simplify radiology reports for patients, but there is currently limited support from radiologists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models as an academic resource for radiologists stepping into artificial intelligence research","authors":"Satvik Tripathi ,&nbsp;Jay Patel ,&nbsp;Liam Mutter ,&nbsp;Felix J. Dorfner ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Bridge ,&nbsp;Dania Daye","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Radiologists increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize workflows. However, many lack the technical skills to effectively apply machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, limiting the accessibility of these methods to radiology researchers who could otherwise benefit from them. Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4o, may serve as virtual advisors, offering tailored algorithm recommendations for specific research needs. This study evaluates GPT-4o's effectiveness as a recommender system to enhance radiologists' understanding and implementation of AI in research.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>GPT-4o was used to recommend ML and DL algorithms based on specific details provided by researchers, including dataset characteristics, modality types, data sizes, and research objectives. The model acted as a virtual advisor, guiding researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for their studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study systematically evaluated GPT-4o's recommendations for clarity, task alignment, model diversity, and baseline selection. Responses were graded to assess the model's ability to meet the needs of radiology researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GPT-4o effectively recommended appropriate ML and DL algorithms for various radiology tasks, including segmentation, classification, and regression in medical imaging. The model suggested a diverse range of established and innovative algorithms, such as U-Net, Random Forest, Attention U-Net, and EfficientNet, aligning well with accepted practices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GPT-4o shows promise as a valuable tool for radiologists and early career researchers by providing clear and relevant AI and ML algorithm recommendations. Its ability to bridge the knowledge gap in AI implementation could democratize access to advanced technologies, fostering innovation and improving radiology research quality. Further studies should explore integrating LLMs into routine workflows and their role in ongoing professional development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 342-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mimics of pancreatic neoplasms at cross-sectional imaging: Pearls for characterization and diagnostic work-up","authors":"David Salgado MD FRCPC,&nbsp;Jessie Kang MD FRCPC,&nbsp;Andreu F. Costa MD MSc FRCPC","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpreting imaging examinations of the pancreas can be a challenge. Several different entities can mimic or mask pancreatic neoplasms, including normal anatomic variants, non-pancreatic lesions, and both acute and chronic pancreatitis. It is important to distinguish these entities from pancreatic neoplasms, as the management and prognosis of a pancreatic neoplasm, particularly adenocarcinoma, have considerable impact on patients. Normal pancreatic variants that mimic a focal lesion include focal fatty atrophy, annular pancreas, and ectopic pancreas. Extra-pancreatic lesions that can mimic a primary pancreatic neoplasm include vascular lesions, such as arteriovenous malformations and pseudoaneurysms, duodenal diverticula, and intra-pancreatic accessory spleen. Both acute and chronic pancreatitis can mimic or mask a pancreatic neoplasm and are also associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Awareness of these entities and their imaging features will enable the radiologist to narrow the differential diagnosis, provide recommendations that expedite diagnosis and avoid unnecessary work-up or delays in patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 382-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The parenthood journey in radiology: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Geunwon Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Samantha G. Harrington MD ,&nbsp;Tina D. Tailor MD ,&nbsp;Bruce G. Stewart MD ,&nbsp;David A. Rosman MD, MBA ,&nbsp;David Z. Chow MD ,&nbsp;Tamara Carroll MD ,&nbsp;Peter A. Wood MD ,&nbsp;HaiThuy N. Nguyen MD ,&nbsp;Dania Daye MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shinn-Huey S Chou MD, MPH","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The journey to parenthood is often delayed or prolonged for physicians, which disproportionately negatively impact women physicians. Women radiologists may delay childbearing for many reasons, which may lead to higher rates of regret and greater risks of infertility and pregnancy and postpartum complications. A better understanding of the resources and realities to achieve parenthood allows for more timely family planning while pursuing career advancements in radiology, particularly for medical students and our radiology trainees and early-career colleagues. Moreover, parents today are experiencing higher levels of stress and higher rates of isolation in the post-pandemic world, amounting to a public health crisis. Unreliable childcare is the top reason for women colleagues to exit the workforce. This article highlights many shared struggles of family planning and parenting, helps inform, prepare, and support our colleagues and trainees to make these significant personal choices, and aims to build communities and nurture connections among radiologist-parents and “villages.”</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 281-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of Women in Radiology (WIR) programs at two academic institutions: How we did it and how we merged best practices","authors":"Stacy E. Smith ,&nbsp;Dania Daye ,&nbsp;Carmen Alvarez ,&nbsp;Kirti A. Magudia ,&nbsp;Catherine H. Phillips ,&nbsp;Sandra Rincon ,&nbsp;Miriam A. Bredella ,&nbsp;Teresa Victoria","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>The percentage of women in radiology has remained at 25 % for decades. Our institutions identified the need to recruit, support and retain women in our departments in order to change this status quo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our institutions created two different frameworks for Women in Radiology (WIR) programs in order to meet the needs of each distinct department. The organizational structure (trainee led vs faculty led and hybrid), the need for departmental chair support, and types of events and speakers are outlined with unique programs provided by each institution. Collaboration with established programs for women within the institutions and within the region was utilized to support the developing programs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Each of the (WIR) programs has been successful in creating community, impact and sustainable programming, including a peer and faculty mentoring programs for all genders, improvements in gender equity in the workplace, the implementation of trainee parental support programs, and an overall increase in the percentage of women trainees and faculty. Over the last 3 years, the integration of the two programs into a single Women in Radiology program, also encompassing the new enterprise radiology group, has led the way during the initiation of a large institutional merger from two institutions to one large institution.</div></div><div><h3>Outcomes</h3><div>We have provided two frameworks for developing a successful women in radiology program as well as a roadmap for combining best practices in a time of change and institutional merger at a major academic institution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in academic radiology: Barriers and benefits of representation, mentorship, coaching, and advocacy","authors":"Inas Mohamed MD, MS,&nbsp;RaeLynne MacBeth MacBeth, MD,&nbsp;Katherine Stephens DO,&nbsp;Nikhil Ramaiya MD,&nbsp;Donna Plecha MD, FSBI, FACR","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender diversity contributes to creativity and collective intelligence in the workplace. Women bring a unique perspective to the practice of medicine; however, there is a persistent underrepresentation of women in the field of radiology. Female radiologists face distinct challenges associated with underrepresentation and significant gender disparities. There are several obstacles contributing to women's underrepresentation in radiology, including suboptimal exposure to radiology during training, misconceptions about the field of radiology, the impact of social media, and a lack of women in leadership positions. Additional factors leading to widening the gender gap were also discussed, such as a lack of role models and mentors, unconscious biases, and other societal barriers, including but not limited to childbearing, lactation, and family-building. This review article emphasizes the value of representation, mentorship, coaching, and advocacy to address the current status of women in radiology. It also explores the challenges and strategies to promote a gender-diverse radiology practice essential to the future of radiology and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned the hard way: Sharing experiences from female radiologists regarding gender inequality","authors":"Ch Jessica M.D.,&nbsp;Woodruff Mary M.D.,&nbsp;Germaine Pauline D.O.,&nbsp;Roth Robyn G․ M.D.","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiology remains a male-dominated specialty, with women facing unique challenges across both academic and private practice settings. Prior research has documented many of these obstacles, which we explored further through the perspectives of 25 female radiology attendings. They shared experiences on key issues such as gender bias, discrimination, sexual harassment, mentorship, pregnancy, and work-life balance. Recurring themes emerged around the need for a supportive workplace culture, strong advocacy, and camaraderie. While significant progress has been made, there remains considerable work ahead to overcome these challenges and foster a more inclusive environment for women in the field of Radiology.</div><div>We hope that sharing these open and candid conversations will raise awareness about the pervasive gender inequality in radiology, and will help foster a more inclusive and supportive environment, and contribute to meaningful changes in the workplace, paving the way for future generations of female radiologists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from North American radiology grand rounds: Determining patterns of gender bias in professional introductions","authors":"Sonali Sharma ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Aleena Malik ,&nbsp;Hephzibah Bomide ,&nbsp;Charlotte Portia Sum-Wai Lee ,&nbsp;Faisal Khosa MD, MBA, TI, FFRRCSI, FRCPC, DABR, FACR ,&nbsp;Charlotte J. Yong-Hing MD FRCPC","doi":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to examine the impact of moderator and speaker gender, as well as geographic location, on the use of professional titles during introductions in radiology grand rounds. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate potential gender disparities in how moderators introduce speakers, focusing on the use of formal titles such as \"Doctor\" compared to informal name-based introductions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized English-language radiology grand rounds video recordings from seven institutions in Canada and the United States of America (USA) that were chosen due to their publicly available videos. The gender of the moderator and speaker and the type of title introduction the speaker received from the moderator (introducing them as “Doctor” or their name followed by their degree credentials or their first name only). Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to analyze the correlation between demographic variables (moderator and speaker gender, and country) and the chosen style of introduction (title usage).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study analyzed 250 speaker introductions in radiology grand rounds presentations at institutions in Canada and the USA. The professional title \"Doctor\" was used to introduce speakers 160 out of 250 instances (64.0 %) and significant gender disparities were found in how male moderators introduced speakers. Male moderators used the professional title \"Doctor\" to introduce male speakers 71.9 % of the time but did so for female speakers only 29.6 % of the time (χ²(1, N = 168) = 27.0, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, male moderators were more likely to introduce female speakers by \"Name only\" (44.4 %) compared to male speakers (18.4 %), (χ²(1, N = 168) = 12.59, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the title “Doctor” was used to introduce speakers the majority of the time, it was observed that male moderators are more likely to introduce male speakers with the title “Doctor” than female speakers, highlighting a potential gender bias in the recognition of professional status. However, female moderators were shown to introduce both male and female speakers as “Doctor” the majority of the time. Promoting equitable recognition across genders requires addressing these dynamics in professional environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51617,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Pages 81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}