Social Epistemology最新文献_第10页

Knowledge Brokers in Crisis: Public Communication of Science During the COVID-19 Pandemic 危机中的知识经纪人:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的公共科学传播

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2116961

C. Martini, D. Battisti, Federico Bina, Monica Consolandi

{"title":"Knowledge Brokers in Crisis: Public Communication of Science During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"C. Martini, D. Battisti, Federico Bina, Monica Consolandi","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2116961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2116961","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knowledge brokers are among the main channels of communication between scientists and the public and a key element to establishing a relation of trust between the two. But translating knowledge from the scientific community to a wider audience presents several difficulties, which can be accentuated in times of crisis. In this paper we study some of the problems that knowledge brokers face when communicating in times of crisis. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we collected interviews with Italian experts that played a major role as knowledge brokers in the local media. We asked them questions about five main topics: the features and role of science communicators; the use of language in communicating science; the importance of the relation of trust with the public; the peculiarity of communicating in a context of emergency; the problem of disagreement among experts, and its public perception and communication. The goal of this paper is to understand, through the words of knowledge brokers themselves, what they consider as best practices (and obstacles) to create trust between scientists and the public. Our empirical work can inform normative accounts of what knowledge brokering should be about.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"36 1","pages":"656 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46613989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Watching People Watching People: Culture, Prestige, and Epistemic Authority 看人看人:文化、声望和认知权威

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2114113

C. Lassiter

引用次数: 0

Social Indicators of Trust in the Age of Informational Chaos 信息混乱时代信任的社会指标

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2121622

T. Y. Branch, G. Origgi

{"title":"Social Indicators of Trust in the Age of Informational Chaos","authors":"T. Y. Branch, G. Origgi","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2121622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2121622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Expert knowledge regularly informs personal and civic-decision making. To decide which experts to trust, lay publics —including policymakers and experts from other domains—use different epistemic and non-epistemic cues. Epistemic cues such as honesty, like when experts are forthcoming about conflicts of interest, are a popular way of understanding how people evaluate and decide which experts to trust. However, many other epistemic cues, like the evidence supporting information from experts, are inaccessible to lay publics. Therefore, lay publics simultaneously use second-order social cues in their environment to inform decisions to trust. These second-order social cues, or ‘social indicators of trust’, prevent lay publics from having to trust blindly. Social indicators of trust therefore inform lay publics’ epistemic vigilance, or constant low level-monitoring of testimony from experts. This special issue examines the nature, acquisition and application of social indicators of trust for scientific experts and institutions. It also raises questions about the types of trust asked of lay publics and challenges traditional normative assumptions about the relationship between science and lay publics through study of attitudes, values, and experiences. The issue descriptively re-examines the structure of institutions, their role and methods for ferrying information, as well as how social indicators operate in times of crisis. In this collection of works, we bridge history, science, philosophy of science, science and technology studies, science communication and social epistemology, to broaden the discourse on trust in experts and more accurately reflect the imperfect yet indispensable endeavour that trusting is.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"46 1","pages":"533 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59387476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

How to Fight Linguistic Injustice in Science: Equity Measures and Mitigating Agents 如何对抗科学中的语言不公正：公平措施和缓解措施

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2109531

A. Vučković, Vlasta Sikimić

{"title":"How to Fight Linguistic Injustice in Science: Equity Measures and Mitigating Agents","authors":"A. Vučković, Vlasta Sikimić","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2109531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2109531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Though a common language of science allows for easier communication of the results among researchers, the use of lingua franca also comes with the cost of losing some of the diverse ideas and results arising from the plurality of languages. Following Quine’s famous thesis about the indeterminacy of translation, we elaborate on the inherent loss of diverse ideas when only one language of science is used. Non-native speakers sometimes experience epistemic injustice due to their language proficiency and consequently, their scientific insights get marginalized. Thus, it is important epistemically to include the results of all researchers independent of their native language. As a solution, we promote epistemic equity and inclusion both on the individual level and on the level of the scientific community. Epistemic equity means that researchers who suffer disadvantages because of their language skills get support from the rest of the scientific community that will compensate for their disadvantage and at the same time facilitate their epistemic inclusion. This can be achieved through the introduction of mitigating agents – the individuals and organizations that ought to serve as a communication bridge between individual researchers and the scientific community. Video Abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"37 1","pages":"80 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Binarism Grammatical Lacuna as an Ensemble of Diverse Epistemic Injustices 二元性语法缺陷是多种认知不公正的综合

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2103473

Carla Carmona

{"title":"Binarism Grammatical Lacuna as an Ensemble of Diverse Epistemic Injustices","authors":"Carla Carmona","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2103473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2103473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper characterizes a phenomenon I call ‘binarism grammatical lacuna’ (BGL). BGL occurs when non-binary sex and gender identities are forced to choose between being he or she by the grammar of a language owing to the sex/gender binary. Although hermeneutical injustice (HI) lies at its core, given that non-binary communities come up with hermeneutical devices to overcome unintelligibility and these tools are discredited, a variety of epistemic injustices, besides HI, intertwine in BGL. I address contributory injustice, pragmatic competence injustice, testimonial injustice, and testimonial smothering. Section 1 introduces the phenomenon by portraying it as an ensemble of epistemic injustices. Section 2 elucidates the variety of HI at the core of BGL by examining the case of mainstream Spanish, and section 3 reveals it as producing the primary harm of HI. Section 4 studies the relationship between grammar, ideology, and language use, calling attention to the fact that grammatical lacunae are performatively reenacted in daily speech acts. Section 5 explores the agential dimension of BGL, examining responsibilities. In addition to addressing some of the forms of epistemic injustice that might intertwine in BGL besides HI, I portray non-marginalized users of binary grammar when addressing non-binary people as hermeneutical misfirers.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"37 1","pages":"339 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Collective Construction of Technology: Re-Narrating Bicycle Development in an ANT Atmosphere 技术的集体建构:ANT氛围下自行车发展的再叙事

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2093292

R. Sharifzadeh

{"title":"The Collective Construction of Technology: Re-Narrating Bicycle Development in an ANT Atmosphere","authors":"R. Sharifzadeh","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2093292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2093292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One way to compare different theoretical approaches to the study of technologies is to see what the difference is between their narratives of the construction of a particular technology. In this paper, we re-narrate the bicycle construction from the perspective of actor-network theory (ANT), comparing to SCOT’s first account of the construction. Although SCOT has moved closer to actor-network theory later by paying more attention to co-construction and materliaty, Pinch and Biker have not modified their account of the bicycle development according to these theoretical changes, despite the fact that one decade later Bijker allocated one chapter, ‘king of the road’, to Safety bicycle development again. An ANT’s narrative of bicycle development can provide a basis for a concrete comparison between ANT and the classic version of SCOT. Or it could be argued that this narrative could complement the story of Pinch and Biker of bicycle development. While we present a new narrative of bicycle development in comparison with SCOT’s one, we offer a methodological framework in the ANT literature that can be considered as a methodological procedure to the study of artefacts in general; this framework has three elements: 1. Phenomenal Bracketing, 2. Collective construction, and 3. Co-construction.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"36 1","pages":"759 - 772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42564588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Epistemic Trust and the Value-Free Ideal as a Social Indicator of Trust 增强的认知信任与价值自由理想作为信任的社会指标

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2114114

T. Y. Branch

{"title":"Enhanced Epistemic Trust and the Value-Free Ideal as a Social Indicator of Trust","authors":"T. Y. Branch","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2114114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2114114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Publics trust experts for personal and pro-social reasons. Scientists are among the experts publics trust most, and so, epistemic trust is routinely afforded to them. The call for epistemic trust to be more socially situated in order to account for the impact of science on society and public welfare is at the forefront of enhanced epistemic trust. I argue that the value-free ideal for science challenges establishing enhanced epistemic trust by preventing the inclusion of non-epistemic values throughout the evaluation of evidence and communication of these values. By selectively silencing non-epistemic values, the ideal cannot take into account publics’ social and moral responses to inductive risk, which are instrumental for defining and determining public welfare. Furthermore, by emphasising epistemic values almost exclusively in science education and communication, the value-free ideal is presented to publics in such a way that it becomes a social indicator of trust. I show this through examination of the importance of values in decisions to trust, and conclude that values (and restrictions on them) can be used by lay publics to help decide which experts to trust.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"36 1","pages":"561 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Philosophy Exceptional? A Corpus-Based, Quantitative Study 哲学是例外吗?基于语料库的定量研究

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2109529

Moti Mizrahi, Michael Adam Dickinson

引用次数: 1

Science Advice in an Environment of Trust: Trusted, but Not Trustworthy? 信任环境中的科学建议:值得信任，但不值得信任?

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2101564

Torbjørn Gundersen, Cathrine Holst

{"title":"Science Advice in an Environment of Trust: Trusted, but Not Trustworthy?","authors":"Torbjørn Gundersen, Cathrine Holst","doi":"10.1080/02691728.2022.2101564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2022.2101564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the conditions of trustworthy science advice mechanisms, in which scientists have a mandated role to inform public policymaking. Based on the literature on epistemic trust and public trust in science, we argue that possession of relevant expertise, justified moral and political considerations, as well as proper institutional design are conditions for trustworthy science advice. In order to assess these conditions further, we explore the case of temporary advisory committees in Norway. These committees exemplify a de facto trusted and seemingly well-functioning science advice mechanism. Still, this mechanism turns out to poorly realize some central conditions of trustworthy science advice. From this we draw three lessons. Firstly, it remains crucial to distinguish between well-placed and de facto trust. Secondly, some conditions of trustworthy science advice seem more significant than others and there are thresholds for realizing each condition. Thirdly, not only does the institutional design and organization of science advice matter more than often recognized; the trust and trustworthiness of the broader social and political context and institutional environment make a difference as well.","PeriodicalId":51614,"journal":{"name":"Social Epistemology","volume":"36 1","pages":"629 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Status Distrust of Scientific Experts 对科学专家的地位不信任

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Social Epistemology Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2104758

Hugh Desmond

引用次数: 3