Chemosensory Perception最新文献

{"title":"Odor identification testing is inferior compared to neurocognitive testing in predicting conversion to Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"G. Pusswald,&nbsp;S. Ocak,&nbsp;E. Stögmann,&nbsp;J. Lehrner","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09306-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09306-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, attention, and emotion or AD. Smelling problems are frequent symptoms of dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to predict if someone with anosmia or hyposmia has a higher risk of getting dementia or even AD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was a retrospective longitudinal study, and the data used were part of a larger research project, the Vienna Conversion to Dementia Study. The 173 participants were divided into four groups based on cognitive features such as healthy control (HC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Olfactory assessment and neurocognitive assessment were administered.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that 30.5% of aMCI patients converted into AD after an average of about two years. The corresponding ROC analyses for olfactory testing showed that Sniffin’ Sticks revealed significant results regarding the conversion to AD, whereas the Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning and olfaction-related quality of life (ASOF) inventory using the Subjective Olfactory Capability (SOC) subscale, the Smell-Related Problems (SRP) subscale, and the Olfaction-Related Quality of life (ORQ) did not. A logistic regression showed that among the olfactory test procedures, only the Sniffin’ Sticks enabled a relevant prognosis. Including neurocognitive measures in the model, only VSRT and the Trail Making Test-B. The other predictors did not contribute to the prediction of conversion to AD.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Unlike self-reporting of olfactory functioning, olfactory testing using standardized tests may have potential for predicting dementia, especially AD. However, olfactory tests have lower predictive power than neurocognitive tests such as verbal memory and divided attention tests.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>Diagnostic tools for predicting dementia as accurately and early as possible are important. Olfactory assessment, compared to neurocognitive tests for verbal memory and divided attention, is inferior in predicting the prognosis of AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"185 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09306-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5166794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s Personal Significance of Olfaction — the ChiPSO Questionnaire","authors":"Elisabeth C. Lohrer,&nbsp;Annika Dworschak,&nbsp;Ilona Croy,&nbsp;Janine Gellrich,&nbsp;Maha Sabha,&nbsp;Luca Parisato,&nbsp;Valentin A. Schriever","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09303-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09303-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>\u0000Abstract\u0000</h2><div><h3>\u0000Introduction\u0000</h3><p>The human sense of smell has different functions which can be categorized as “food,” “social,” and “environment.” Different questionnaires about the importance of olfaction in adults are available, but little attention has been paid to children and adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to develop a questionnaire about children’s personal significance of olfaction (ChiPSO).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The questionnaire was developed in two steps. The first questionnaire included 33 statements about the importance of olfactory information in daily life — covering three subscales “food,” “environment,” and “social” administered to 191 participants (mean age: 14.4 ± 1.7 years). The five best fitting items of each subscale were chosen for the final 15-item questionnaire. In the second part, we administered the developed questionnaire to 208 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.5 ± 3.5 years) who additionally underwent olfactory testing to investigate the association between olfactory function and questionnaire results. Participants were separated in two age groups: (i) 6–11 years (children), (ii) 12–17 years (adolescents).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A significant influence of age on the total ChiPSO score and all three subscales with adolescents scoring higher than children was found. Additionally, there was a significant influence of sex in adolescents on total ChiPSO score and subscales “social” and “food” with girls scoring higher than boys.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We report an association between questionnaires results and olfactory performance. Additionally, olfactory information seems to be more important to adolescents compared to children and girls compared to boys.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>The ChiPSO questionnaire is a practical tool to evaluate the importance of olfactory information in children and adolescents aged 6–17 years.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"154 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09303-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5096587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Mouthfeel and Temperature Alterations in COVID-19 Patients Six to Ten Months After Diagnosis","authors":"Jip M. van Elst,&nbsp;Sanne Boesveldt,&nbsp;Arjan Vissink,&nbsp;Harriët Jager-Wittenaar,&nbsp;Anna K. L. Reyners,&nbsp;Jacco J. de Haan","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09304-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09304-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The characteristics and impact of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations in patients with COVID-19 at a long term are yet not well known. In this study, these characteristics and their impact on daily life and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, six to ten months after infection, in patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between December 2020 and January 2021, members of two COVID-19 Facebook groups were invited to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked to report their perception of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations and their impact.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The questionnaire was completed by 157/216 respondents (73%), with 92% being women. Alterations in mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste were reported by respectively 66, 40, 148, and 133 participants. The most frequently reported mouthfeel alterations were “a different feeling” and “dry mouth” in 38 and 30 participants, respectively. Preferences for food temperature were equally changed to “freezing”, “cool”, “room temperature”, “a bit warmer”, and “warmer”. An impact on daily life and QoL was reported by most patients with alterations in mouthfeel (91% and 79%), temperature (78% and 60%), smell (98% and 93%), and taste (93% and 88%), respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook experienced, next to smell and taste alterations, mouthfeel and temperature disturbances, six to ten months after infection. These alterations have an impact on daily life and QoL.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>Health professionals should, next to smell and taste alterations, be aware of mouthfeel and temperature alterations in patients with COVID-19.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09304-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4511249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study of Self-Rated and Psychophysical Olfactory Dysfunction in Men Living with HIV","authors":"Vidyulata Kamath,&nbsp;Victor A. Del Bene,&nbsp;Christopher Collette,&nbsp;Alexandra Jacob,&nbsp;Pariya L. Fazeli,&nbsp;David E. Vance","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09305-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09305-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Olfactory loss is associated with poor quality of life, malnutrition, and increased risk of depression, yet few studies have examined unawareness of olfactory dysfunction in men living with HIV (MLWH).</p><h3>Method</h3><p>MLWH (<i>n</i> = 51) completed olfaction self-ratings, psychophysical odor identification testing, cognitive measures, and questionnaires assessing smell habits, mood, cognitive failures, and quality of life. The sensitivity and specificity of olfactory self-ratings was calculated, and <i>t</i>-tests were used to examine factors contributing to discordance between self-rated and psychophysical olfaction dysfunction.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that 33.3% (17 of 51 MLWH) of our sample demonstrated discordance between self-reported and psychophysical olfactory scores. Those unaware of olfaction dysfunction reported using less scented products in daily life but showed no other differences across demographic, clinical, or cognitive indices.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results cohere with prior studies of cognitively normal older adults, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson’s disease, which found that olfactory self-ratings may inadequately capture the full range of a person’s olfactory status. Our work extends these findings to MLWH, with discordance rates ranging from 35 to 61% for self-rated and psychophysical olfactory dysfunction.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>Given the differing rates of self-rated and psychophysical olfaction in our sample, psychophysical olfactory measures may be useful to consider in the neuropsychological assessment and clinical care of PLWH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"175 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09305-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4433924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gender and Age on Self-reported Odor Imagery Ability","authors":"Luca Fantin,&nbsp;Chloé Pinzano,&nbsp;Cécile Rumeau,&nbsp;Gabriela Hossu,&nbsp;Hadrien Ceyte","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09302-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09302-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Odor imagery is known to be more difficult than any other modality of sensory imagery. Consequently, wide between-individuals variability can be found in odor imagery ability. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between olfactory performance and odor imagery ability. In the light of factors known to influence smelling ability, this study therefore investigated the effects of two factors — gender and age — known to influence smelling ability, on self-declared odor imagery ability in normosmic individuals.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven hundred and nine French participants were asked to complete the web version of the <i>French Vividness of Olfactory Imagery Questionnaire</i> (fVOIQ). General linear models were used to determine the contributions of gender and age to odor imagery vividness scores. Moreover, scores were compared between age intervals ranging from 18–30 years old to 60 + years old.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings reveal that at any age, men and women have the same odor imagery ability. Odor imagery ability in self-declared normosmic individuals improves with age until 50–60 years old, and beyond this point the often-reported age-related olfactory decay does not alter it.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest a high contribution of daily olfactory experience to the development of this cognitive function, and a relationship with olfactory performance that appears less linear than hypothesized.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>This study provides food for thought in the field of olfaction: it suggests that distinct mechanisms may underlie two cognitive processes, perception and sensory imagery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"145 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09302-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4359949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nasal Aerodynamics Perspective of Retronasal Olfaction: Rodents vs. Humans","authors":"Kanghyun Kim,&nbsp;Kai Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09300-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09300-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>\u0000Abstract\u0000</h2><div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Odor perception can be achieved through ortho or retronasal routes, with the latter being an important component of flavor perception. There are significant olfactory differences that exist between rats and humans and by understanding the role of structural differences, further insight can be gained into the mechanism of odorant perception via ortho or retronasal routes.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>3D human and rat (Sprague–Dawley) computational models were used to investigate nasal anatomy impact on ortho vs. retronasal odorant transport to the olfactory epithelium. The nasal pharynx region was modified for human and rat models to probe nasal structure impact on ortho vs. retro olfaction. Sixty-five odorant absorption rates to the olfactory epithelium were extracted from each model.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The retronasal route provided higher peak odorant absorption compared to orthonasal route for human (left: 90% higher, right: 45% higher), but substantially lowered peak absorption for rat (medial: 97% lower, lateral: 75% lower). For both models, anatomical modification had minimal impact to orthonasal routes, but substantially modulated the retronasal route: decrease (left: − 41.4%, right: − 44.2%) for human, and increase to the medial (29.5%) but not to lateral (− 14.3%) for rat.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There exist key differences between humans and rats regarding retro/orthonasal odorant transport routes, which matched well with experimental olfactory bulb activity data in literature.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>While humans have equivalent odorant delivery between routes, the difference in retro and orthonasal routes in rodents is substantial and changes to the transverse lamina above the nasopharynx can substantially modulate the retronasal route, but not enough to bridge the gap between the two routes.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"124 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09300-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4553784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Role of Endocannabinoids in Olfactory and Taste Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients and Volumetric Changes in the Brain","authors":"Zafer Ergül,&nbsp;Zülal Kaptan,&nbsp;Ayhan Kars,&nbsp;Gülşah Biçer,&nbsp;Çetin Kılınç,&nbsp;Emine Petekkaya,&nbsp;Nilay Çöplü","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09301-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09301-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>COVID-19 infection develops neurologic symptoms such as smell and taste loss. We aimed to determine the volumetric changes in the brain and correlation of possible related biochemical parameters and endocannabinoid levels after COVID-19 recovery.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Brain magnetic resonance images of recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers, whose olfactory and gustatory scores were obtained through a questionnaire, were taken, and the volumes of the brain regions associated with taste and smell were measured by automatic and semiautomatic methods. Endocannabinoids (EC), which are critical in the olfactory system, and vitamin B12, zinc, iron, ferritin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) levels, which are reported to have possible roles in olfactory disorders, were measured in peripheral blood.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Taste and smell disorder scores and EC levels were found to be higher in recovered COVID-19 patients compared to controls. EC levels were negatively correlated with bilateral entorhinal cortex (ENT) volumes in the COVID-19 group. Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex volumes showed correlations with gustatory complaints and ferritin in recovered COVID-19 patients.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The critical finding of our study is the high EC levels and negative correlation between EC levels and left ENT volumes in recovered COVID-19 patients.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>It is possible that ECs are potential neuromodulators in many conditions leading to olfactory disorders, including COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"135 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09301-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4512239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Brain Responses to Food or Tastants Delivered with and Without Swallowing: a Meta-analysis on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies","authors":"Andy Wai Kan Yeung","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09299-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09299-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study aimed to meta-analyze the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and compare the brain activations from gustatory studies with different stimulus delivery methods.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Published fMRI studies were included into the analysis if they evaluated the brain responses to liquid tastants or food among healthy subjects. Studies were coded into three groups: stimulus removed from the mouth by suction without the need to swallow, swallowing without controlling for its confounds, and swallowing with controlling for its confounds.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-five studies that comprised of a total of 1498 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Suction studies activated the posterior cingulate. Swallowing studies covered multiple brain regions including the anterior and middle insula, the precentral gyrus, and the postcentral gyrus.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>For the contrast analysis between swallowing studies with and without controlling for the confounds, the former group had larger brain activation mainly at the anterior and middle insula and the thalamus, whereas the latter group had larger brain activation mainly at the anterior cingulate, precentral gyrus, and postcentral gyrus.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>Compared to studies that did not control for confounds of swallowing, studies that controlled for swallowing demonstrated heightened responses at the insula and reduced responses at the sensorimotor cortex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"112 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09299-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5070801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Olfactory Functions in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"D. Novotny,&nbsp;E. Stögmann,&nbsp;J. Lehrner","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09298-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09298-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Olfactory function is known to be impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which are generally considered at-risk states for developing AD. The aim of the study at hand was to identify predictors of self-reported olfaction capability (SOC), self-reported capability of perceiving specific odors (SRP), olfaction-related quality of life (ORQ), and odor identification (OIT) in patients with SCD, naMCI, and aMCI.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample consisted of 33 patients with SCD, 88 with naMCI, and 43 with aMCI who consulted the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, due to memory complaints between January 2001 and May 2018. Olfactory function was assessed objectively by means of the Sniffin’ Sticks odor identification test (OIT) and subjectively by means of the ASOF-scores SOC, SRP, and ORQ at two to three points in time, with an average time interval of 39 months between the first and second examination, and 24 months between the second and third examination. Linear mixed models were used in order to identify clinical and demographic variables as predictors of mean SOC, SRP, ORQ, and OIT throughout the observation period.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a statistically significant — albeit small — time-related decline of SOC and ORQ in the SCD group but not in other groups. Throughout the observation period, estimated ORQ was significantly higher in the SCD group than in the naMCI and estimated OIT was significantly higher in the naMCI group than in the aMCI group after adjusting for time of measurement and other covariates. Positive relationships between OIT and all three ASOF-scores, negative relationships between BDI-II and SOC and ORQ, and a positive relationship between WST-IQ and SRP were identified.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There is a statistically significant, albeit small, time-related decline of uncertain clinical relevance in subjective measures of olfactory capability and olfaction-related quality of life in patients with SCD.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>In all subgroups, objectively measured odor-identification scores have a significant impact on subjective scores over time. The study at hand confirms previous observations regarding the negative influence of depression on subjective perception of olfactory capabilities known from cross-sectional studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"104 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09298-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5449419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smelling Death, Loving Life: the Impact of Olfactory Chemosignals on Life Satisfaction","authors":"Michael D. Barnett,&nbsp;Ben K. Mokhtari,&nbsp;Jenna M. Moore","doi":"10.1007/s12078-022-09297-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12078-022-09297-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Previous research suggests that putrescine — the chemical compound that gives decomposing organic matter its distinctive odor — may trigger an inborn evolutionary mechanism that prompts individuals to avoid the smell of decay. The purpose of these two experiments was to investigate the effects of exposure to putrescine on human cognition.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two between-subjects experiments (experiment 1 N = 109; experiment 2 N = 108) compared individuals exposed to either putrescine, ammonia, or water. Experiment 1 measures included odorant ratings (i.e., intensity, familiarity, repugnance, goodness), implicit measures (i.e., word completion task, moral judgment vignettes, and opinions on the death penalty), and explicit measures (i.e., death attitudes, self-esteem, and life satisfaction); experiment 2 measures included odorant ratings and life satisfaction.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In experiment 1, there were no differences by odorant condition on implicit measures; however, those exposed to putrescine reported higher life satisfaction than those exposed to water. These results were replicated in experiment 2.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Exposure to putrescine may activate psychological threat management processes, which are then interpreted as higher life satisfaction.</p><h3>Implications</h3><p>Human olfactory perception is sensitive to putrescine, and putrescine may exert some subtle psychological effects on human cognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":516,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensory Perception","volume":"15 2","pages":"95 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12078-022-09297-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4653018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}