Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija最新文献

{"title":"Development of Children and Youth Sports in the Stalingrad (Volgograd) Region in 1953–1964","authors":"Ivan A. Lunochkin","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the development of children’s and youth sports in the Stalingrad (Volgograd) region during the so-called “Khrushchev’s thaw.” Methods. The source base is documents of the current office work of regional and city authorities, institutions that manage physical culture and sports, regional councils of voluntary sports societies, as well as periodical press materials and reference literature. The method of comparative analysis was used, with the help of which the dynamics of the development of children’s and youth sports schools and the results of young athletes were established. Analysis. The article shows the state of children’s and youth sports in the Stalingrad region by 1953, the development of the material and technical base, the growth of the system of additional sports education institutions, the successes of young Stalingrad athletes at the largest competitions in the country during the period under study, and the achievements, problems, and shortcomings of children’s and youth sports in the Volgograd region by 1964. Results. It was established that by the beginning of 1953, children’s and youth sports in the Stalingrad region were at a low level of development. Several small children’s (teenager’s) sports schools did not have their own material base and served only the population of the center of Stalingrad. At all-Russian competitions, young athletes did not show high results. In the first half of the 1950s, several talented coaches moved to Stalingrad to work and created their own schools in a number of leading sports. From the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, several large sports facilities were put into operation, and new children’s schools were opened in Stalingrad and the cities of the region. Since 1960, children’s sports schools have appeared on a voluntary basis at children’s social enterprises and major enterprises. As a result, by 1964, the number of children’s schools and those involved in them had increased sixfold. The level of training has increased significantly. The regional team was among the top five permanent leaders of the All-Russian Spartakiads for schoolchildren. The greatest successes were achieved in swimming, water polo, diving, gymnastics, weightlifting, and basketball. At the same time, the gap remained in athletics, football, tennis, cycling, shooting, and chess. There remained a large gap in the level of achievement between leading athletes and the bulk of children’s school students.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"19 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Political Institutions in the Economic Development of the South of Russia in the New Reality","authors":"Inna V. Mitrofanova, Olga A. Chernova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ineffective resolution of economic problems by political institutions can jeopardize a country’s technological sovereignty in the face of existing geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of political institutions from the point of view of ensuring the economic security of the southern Russian regions, considering the challenges of socio-economic development that exist for them. Methodology and methods. This study centers on the Southern Federal District, which acts as an administrative entity responsible for implementing regional-level economic policies. The research utilized content analysis of scientific publications and comparative analysis of regional socio-economic indicators of economic development as part of implementing economic policy. The method for analyzing the influence of political institutions on economic development was based on the principle of balancing the combination of tactical and strategic decisions in assessing the effectiveness of implemented measures and was based on the basic principles of the theory of factors of production. Analysis. An analysis of the results of the economic policy pursued in the southern Russian regions showed that a relatively high level of resistance to sanctions challenges is ensured mainly by the export capabilities of agricultural products. However, the continued high level of import dependence on production increases the risk of conflict over the use of production factors between exportoriented companies and companies oriented to the domestic market, which creates significant threats to the implementation of national growth models. The turn of state economic policy towards the global East and South poses the tasks of the authorities of the southern Russian regions to develop transport infrastructure, as well as state support for companies participating in the construction of new production and supply chains. At the same time, increasing migration flows from border areas requires solving the problem of ensuring the socio-economic well-being of both the people moving and the host community. Results. It was found that the existing political risks to the economic development of southern Russian regions are associated with a lack of balance between the political decisions made and the strategic objectives of achieving technological sovereignty. It is concluded that the conditions of modern economic reality require economic and political mobilization to achieve value consensus and consolidation in society in order to solve the problems of economic development, implemented through the responsibility and patriotic position of political and economic elites at all levels of government. Authors’ contribution. I.V. Mitrofanova: development and justification of the concept; interpretation and synthesis of research results; O.A. Chernova: formation of methodology; development of research design; content analysis;","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donskoy/Donetsk Cossack Town: One or Two Settlements?","authors":"Yaroslav Prudnikov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the presented article, based on a comprehensive analysis of historical sources and historiographical material, an attempt was made to understand the problem regarding the existence of a specific Cossack town. In the historical literature, there is an opinion about the existence of two Cossack towns in the Middle Don region, within the modern Voronezh region, with the names “Donskoy” and “Donetsk.” However, not all researchers agree with this. They are talking about a town known by two names. Methods and materials. The study used historical-comparative, historical-genetic, and synchronous and diachronic methods of analysis. The source base of the research was the “skaski” of the Don Cossacks and atamans, the letters of the tsarist government to the Don, the diaries of P. Gordon and Ya. Markovich, cartographic material, lists of Don Cossack towns, replies of voivodes, as well as embassy books. Analysis. In 1676, on the left bank of the Don, between its left tributaries Tolucheyevka and Kazanka, near the mouth of the latter, a Donetsk town was founded, so named after the Sukhoi Donets River. After its destruction in 1708, the Donskoy Monastery was founded on the right bank of the Don, which, with the light hand of V.N. Tatishchev, began to be identified with the Don Cossack town that allegedly existed at this place. Yet, there is no mention of any Donskoy town in the first of the surviving paintings of Cossack towns for 1593. However, Donetsk town is well known not only from written sources but also from historical maps from the end of the 17th century. Results. It is safe to say that the mounted Don Cossacks had one town called “Donetsk.” The historical sources at our disposal do not report anything about the existence of the “Donskoy” town.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Armenian Tracks in the History of the Chuvash","authors":"A. Salmin","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141049828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperation Mechanisms of Turkish-Speaking Countries in the Period from 1991 to 2022","authors":"Zhang Yuyan","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Studying the cooperation strategies of Turkish-speaking countries has important practical significance. Establishing cooperation mechanisms is an important way to implement cooperation strategies. The purpose of this study is to attempt to comprehensively analyze the process of establishing cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries over the past 33 years. Methods and materials. The research on the cooperation mechanisms of Turkish-speaking countries in the international academic community can be divided into two stages: before and after the establishment of the Organization of Turkic States. However, these studies have not systematically revealed the fundamental changes and development prospects of the cooperation mechanisms among Turkish-speaking countries. This article aims to address these issues through the methods of case studies and comparative analysis. Analysis. Turkish-speaking countries have experienced four stages of establishing cooperation mechanisms, marked by the convening of the Summits of heads of Turkish-speaking states (1991–2008), the establishment of the Turkic Council (2009–2018), expanding its membership (from 2018 to November 2021), and its renaming to the Organization of Turkic States (from November 2021). Results. This study draws the several conclusions. Firstly, in the post-Soviet era, Turkish-speaking countries have worked hard to form discussions on the nature and prospects of their relations, which has led to changes in the cooperative narrative logic, actors, and characteristics of activities in the “Turkic world.” Secondly, the main factor affecting the current and future cooperation of Turkish-speaking countries is their national interests, not pan-Turkism. Thirdly, one of the most important factors affecting the implementation of Türkiye’s cooperation strategy is the position of the Turkish-speaking countries in Central Asia. Fourthly, cooperation between Turkish-speaking countries is currently at its highest level. Based on the mechanisms they have established, these countries have the potential to become a pole in the multipolar world.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"260 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science Diplomacy as Assessed by Heads of Representative Offices of the Russian Federation in Switzerland","authors":"Ekaterina Antyukhova, Igor Kuznetsov, Vlada Olshanskaya","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyses the relevant content of the “science diplomacy” concept and describes the key trends of its implementation, taking into account the points of view of current Russian diplomats on the problem. Science diplomacy is becoming a relevant area of diplomatic activity under the conditions of modern globalization processes. As an important area of the activity of the state, it implies not only the establishment of effective science cooperation with other countries but also optimal use of its own scientific potential with a view to upholding the national interests and improving the image of the state. Methods and materials. The authors have reviewed a number of expert points of view from modern researchers. Based on the use of general and special scientific methods, some important conclusions have been drawn concerning the specifics of the development and relevant content of science diplomacy. By comparing and systematising the empirical data obtained from a number of sources, some scientifically significant directions of state activity in this area have been determined. Analysis. By summarising cases from diplomatic practice, the authors seek to determine the role of science diplomacy in the implementation of the current foreign policy tasks of the Russian Federation. According to the results of interviews with S.V. Garmonin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation in the Swiss Confederation, and A.B. Dorovskikh, Consul General of Russia in Geneva, the basic principles of the practical filling of the “science diplomacy” concept in the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are formulated. Results. The authors come to the conclusion about the consistent improvement of the forms and methods of implementing the scientific direction of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, against the background of a deterioration of the international environment and the politicisation of many areas of international cooperation by the countries of the collective West, there exists the task of further improving the effectiveness of the activities of Russian diplomatic structures to defend the scientific and technological sovereignty of the country. Authors’ contribution. E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Introduction” and “Results,” participated together with V.D. Olshanskaya in writing the section “Materials and Methods,” and prepared the final scientific edition of the text of the work. I.V. Kuznetsov developed the concept of the article and the questionnaire for the interview. V.D. Olshanskaya and E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Analysis” and “Materials and Methods” and also acted as an interviewer.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awards of the Leaders of the Bolsheviks, the Organizers of the October Events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn According to the Documents of the Stalingrad Istpart","authors":"I. Tyumentsev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is a direct continuation of the article published in Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations (2022) devoted to the preparation of the collective portfolio (“vignettes”) of the heroes of the Revolution of 1917 and the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918– 1920. The subject of the article is an analysis of the preparation of awards for veterans in connection with the 15th anniversary of the Red Army with the aim of establishing the real asset of the Bolsheviks. Methods and materials. The award-winning materials of the Stalingrad Istpart are critically analyzed using the methods of textual analysis and prosopography. Observations and conclusions. In May 1932, the secretary of the Stalingrad “five” of the Lower Volga Regional Department, T.M. Seregin, prepared a list of 100 Bolshevik veterans for the award commission of the Stalingrad City Council. Stalingrad veterans, in turn, submitted a list of 34 people to the commission. The draft documents provoked sharp criticism of the Moscow Circle of veterans of the Revolution and Defense of Tsaritsyn formed by that time at the “All-Union Society of Old Bolsheviks.” The Moscow circle made a proposal to allocate a “narrow asset” (managers) to be awarded with orders and a “broad asset” (middle managers) – only to “encourage.” The proposal was rejected by the Stalingrad City Council. On the basis of both lists, a portfolio of 31 people and an award list of 34 Bolshevik senior managers were created. The proposals of Muscovites provoked a negative reaction from the Stalingrad circle of “Red Partisans” formed by that time. As a result of heated disputes, it was decided to ask the country’s leadership to award the Orders of the Red Banner to 24 people, Lenin to 6 people, regional awards to 40, and city awards to 9 veterans. A new project portfolio (“vignettes”) was compiled, on which 129 people were already placed. Thanks to these disputes, it was possible to identify the real, and not the mythical, circle of Bolshevik leaders of the October events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn and assess their contribution to the victory over the counter-revolution.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Poselitel” Yakov Zhidkov and His Malorussian Slobodas: An Event from the History of Governmental Colonization of the Lower Volga Region in the 1720s","authors":"Evgeny Astafyev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is a special study of the history of the Malorussian settlements founded by Yakov Zhidkov. After the completion of the Tsaritsyn line, Peter the Great allowed him to settle the lands between the Volga and Ilovlya rivers with Malorussians (Cherkasy). Methods and materials. This topic was mainly touched upon in the works of Saratov and Volgograd historians and local historians. The author of the article introduces into scientific circulation the office materials of the Census Offices of the First Audit, the Supreme Privy Council, the Governing Senate and the Astrakhan Provincial Chancellery. Analysis. It has been established that the Malorussian settlements inhabited by Zhidkov in 1722, contrary to all regulations, very quickly began to be replenished by runaway Velikоrussian peasants, which caused discontent among the landlords. As a result, Peter the Great’s successors were forced to abandon this practice. In the end of 1728 – beginning of 1729, all the settlements were destroyed, the fugitive Velikоrussian peasants were returned to their owners, and Malorussian were sent home. Results. The government colonization of the lands beyond the Tsaritsyn line by resettling the Malorussians there quickly turned into a popular colonization, which the St. Petersburg authorities had to stop. In the same year, outposts of the Cossacks of the Malorussian Sloboda regiments were temporarily placed to protect empty territories along the Volga. A few years later, the territories between the Volga and Ilovlya were settled by Cossacks transferred by the government from the Don and their families, who formed a new Volga Cossack army. The duties of the voist included the capture of robbers, fugitive peasants and soldiers, as well as countering the “thievish” raids of nomads.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141033779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hagiographical Sources Related to the Cult of Saints Medard and Gildard","authors":"Anton Kasparov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Four hagiographical texts about St. Medard of Soissons, two about Eleutherius of Tournai, and one each about Gildard of Rouen, Evodius of Rouen, Bandarid of Soissons, and Laud of Coutances have survived. All of them are connected with the cult of Sts. Medard and Gildard, who, in later tradition, came to be erroneously called brothers. Methods and materials. The study was carried out on the basis of critical, historicalgenetic and biographical methods. Analysis. The results of the critical analysis of the mentioned monuments allowed us to conclude that all of them differ in the time of their creation and the value of the information reflected in them, describing the life and activity of these holy bishops of the Merovingian era. Several texts were already created at the turn of the 6th – 7th centuries by the famous hagiographer Venantius Fortunatus. They can be important sources both for the reconstruction of the real biography of St. Medard and for the study of the history of the Merovingian period. The other texts were created later (in the Carolingian period and during the Classical Middle Ages), and the information about Medard and his time, added by their authors to the facts already known from Merovingian hagiography, does not represent historical value for the 6th century. Results. On the example of these monuments, it is possible to trace a characteristic change in the function of hagiography, when the Merovingian texts, compiled to glorify the cult of the saint, are replaced by hagiographies, the creation of which is connected with the confirmation of the land claims of the church in the 9th century, with the struggle around the united church of Noyon and Tournai, unfolding in the 11th – 12th centuries, as well as with the development of the myth about the kinship of Medard and Gildard, and so on. The mentioned phenomenon reflects some peculiarities of the appeal to the cults of Merovingian saints in different epochs, in particular the change of the purposes of creating their hagiographies in accordance with the requirements of the time.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"210 S654","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Trade in the System of Public Catering of the Stalingrad Region in 1944–1947","authors":"Andrei Lunochkin","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the creation and development of a commercial trade system in public catering in the city of Stalingrad and the Stalingrad region at the end of the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years. Methods. In this study, historical-descriptive (idiographic), historical-genetic, and historical comparative methods, as well as quantitative methods, were used in the examination of newspaper sources. Analysis and results. In order to replenish the budget and meet the demand of the population, already in the spring of 1944, free trade in alcoholic beverages began in the canteens of Stalingrad. In the spring and summer of 1945, the first restaurants and commercial halls at canteens opened in the city. The opening of commercial tea houses in the system of state and cooperative trade became widespread in early 1946 after the decrees of the USSR government were issued. This process took place in the face of an acute shortage of inventory, kitchen equipment, and utensils. A feature of Stalingrad was the complete lack of premises for new catering establishments. As a rule, commercial tea houses were opened at or instead of existing canteens. Since a significant part of the products for commercial tea houses were purchased from collective farms and the population at market prices, the cost of even the simplest dishes was 8–10 times higher than in ration canteens. Procurement of products occurred with difficulty due to the priority of mandatory supplies of agricultural products to the state. After the drought in 1946, even commercial tea houses and restaurants limited the sale of bread. At the same time, there was a second wave of the establishment of commercial restaurants and cafes. In 1947, commercial canteens with a small selection of dishes appeared, occupying a middle position between restaurants and tea houses. Having completed the task of attracting funds from the population, commercial catering enterprises, at the same time, did not become centers for cultural leisure. Most of the teahouses were located in adapted premises that needed repair and were poorly maintained. The assortment of dishes was not maintained, and violations of technology and theft by workers flourished. Most of the profits came from the sale of purchased goods, primarily alcoholic beverages.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141026375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}