European Scientific Journal ESJ最新文献

{"title":"Combining biosafety expert’s evaluation and workers’ perception regarding the Biological Risks in Biomedical laboratories of Public Hospitals in Athens, Greece","authors":"Dionysios J. Vourtsis, Efstathia Papageorgiou, Anastasios Kriebardis, G. Karikas, G. Willigen, Kostas Kotrokois, Georgios Dounias, Petros Karkalousos","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.7.2024.p62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.7.2024.p62","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the present study was by combining an expert’s evaluation and laboratory workers’ perception, to review the biological risks in biomedical laboratories of public hospitals in Athens, Greece. It was also to evaluate how they are managing the biological materials, the level of safety awareness and training of the personnel, and to propose mitigation measures according to the existing risks, based on the local legislation and the international Biosafety guidelines. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 biosafety level-2 (BSL2) biomedical laboratories in 20 public hospitals were assessed for their biosafety containment specifics and compliance with biosafety practices. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, with a checklist and a detailed health and safety (H&S) questionnaire, focused on biosafety and biorisk management. An expert biosafety officer observed and filled in a checklist for each biomedical laboratory (n=36) of the 20 hospitals. Laboratory staff (medical laboratory doctors, medical laboratory technologists, laboratory assistants, biologists and biochemists; n = 415) filled in a specific to biosafety H&S question­naire in each of these laboratories. Results: Both the results from the checklists and the questionnaires showed that in a significant percentage of laboratories there are the following deficiencies: restricted access and signage at the entrance, autoclaves in the laboratory area, ability to use the washbasins hands-free, biorisk management system, written risk assessments, biosafety manuals, standard operating procedures (SOPs), assigned biosafety officers, protocols about the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), insufficient biosafety training programs, accidents reporting, eyewash emergency shower system, first aid kits and emergency telephone numbers. On the positive site laboratory procedures are separated from management, sanitary and rest areas, laboratory surfaces and floors are easy to clean and disinfect, good laboratory Practices followed for all procedures, waste management is in compliance with the current Greek legislation and there are sufficient PPE available. Conclusion: In the laboratories studied there are significant shortcomings in containment and administrative controls, in the application of Greek and EU biosafety legislation, and in the proper management of biological agents and materials in general. This emphasizes the importance of closing key gaps in biosafety and emergency preparedness, in the biomedical laboratories. Using the results of this study, actions should be developed, applied and enforced, in compliance with the local and European legislation and guidelines. This could enhance the safety of these facilities, and the laboratory professionals, the community and the environment could be better protected from possible harmful biological agents and the possibility of Laboratory acquired infections (LAIs). This study also demonstrated the value of the labora","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania","authors":"Steven Tumaini, Ghahula Raphael, Macha Salvio","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p305","url":null,"abstract":"In the seedling’s technology, Banana farming is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, referred to as tissue culture banana seedlings. The study delves into the empires of seedling technology and innovations adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between Tissue culture innovation, and the farmer's adoption. The study adopted positivism philosophy, a cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The results indicate that, the highest mean was for the statement “Banana tissue culture seedlings grow faster compared to local suckers” (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional suckers’ practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers adoption will leads to the economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyse Satiale de Population de Furcifer labordi dans la Reserve Spéciale d’Andranomena, Morondava-Madagascar","authors":"Nirindrainiarivony Philibertin Honoré Djadagna Ahy, A. P. Raselimanana, Lily-Arison René De Roland, Willy Nathoo Veriza, Daudet Andriafidison","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p202","url":null,"abstract":"Furcifer labordi est une espèce de caméléons uniquement connue dans quelques localités de la partie occidentale de Madagascar. Son aire de distribution est restreinte entre les fleuves Tsiribihina et Fiherenana. Nous avons réalisé des recherches pour comprendre sa distribution écologique et spatiale dans la Reserve Spéciale d’Andranomena. Des investigations ont été menées dans les habitats proche et loin de cours d’eau, à la lisière et l’intérieur de la forêt et dans la forêt relativement intacte et celle en régénération. Nos résultats ont révélé que cette espèce se répartit uniformément dans les différents types d’habitats. Autrement dit, sa distribution horizontale n’est pas influencée ni par la dégradation de l’habitat, ni par le cours d’eau. La couverture de la canopée et la repartition des plantes selon la hauteur de l’extérieur vers l’itérieur de la forêt sont des paramètres qui influencent cette distribution horizontale. Les oiseaux (six espèces) et les serpents (quatre espèces) prédateurs ne provoquent pas de perturbation sur F. labordi et n’influencent pas sa distribution horizontale. Cette dernière n’est pas aussi influencée par l’abondance en insectes disponibles. La hauteur du perchoir utilisé varie beaucoup, elle n’est pas cependant liée, ni à la classe d’âge ni au sexe. F. labordi ne présente en général aucune préférence particulière quant au choix de plante utilisée comme perchoir. Il en est de même pour la hauteur et les DHP de plantes perchoirs. L’espèce emploie similairement les parties des plantes disponibles et ne présente pas de préférence particulière. Toutes les classes d’âges ont été observées et ne présentent pas de préférence particulière en terme de types d’habitats. Nos résultats suggèrent que la répartition restreinte de cette espèce pourrait être dû à la disparition de son habitat. Furcifer labordi is a species of chameleon only known from a few localities in the western part of Madagascar. Its distribution area is restricted between the Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. We carried out research to understand its ecological and spatial distribution in the Andranomena Special Reserve. Investigations were carried out in habitats near and far from watercourses, at the edge and interior of the forest and in relatively intact and regenerating forest. Our results revealed that this species is evenly distributed across different habitat types. In other words, its horizontal distribution is not influenced either by habitat degradation or by the watercourse. The cover of the canopy and the distribution of plants according to height from the outside to the inside of the forest are parameters that influence this horizontal distribution. Predatory birds (six species) and snakes (four species) do not cause any disturbance to F. labordi and do not influence its horizontal distribution. The latter is not as influenced by the abundance of available insects. The height of the perch used varies a lot, however it is not linked to age c","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"11 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Fag Syndrom au Nord-Est Bénin","authors":"Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba, Djibrilla Moussa, Françis Tognon Tchegnonsi, Oumou Ousseyni Zika, Victoire Mupendana, Anselme Djidonou Anselme, Djibo Douma Maiga, P. Gandaho","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Le Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS), « syndrome de la fatigue du cerveau », est une forme clinique de la dépression liée à la culture en Afrique noire. Il touche deux à quatre élèves/étudiants sur dix. Sa manifestation clinique est bruyante et constitue un handicap pour toute activité intellectuelle. Objectif : Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier le Brain Fag Syndrome chez les élèves de la commune de Parakou en 2016. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale dont l’échantillonnage s’est fait par sondage aléatoire en grappes à trois degrés dans neuf (09) établissements secondaires publics et privés de Parakou. La collecte des données a été réalisée grâce à une entrevue individuelle enquêteur-enquêté à l’aide d’un questionnaire comprenant le Brain Fag Syndrome Scale. Elles ont été saisies puis analysées à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info 7 version 1.3.3. Résultats : Au total 919 élèves ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 18,37 ± 2,34 ans avec des extrêmes de 12 ans et 26 ans. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle de 17-19 ans (46,79%). La sex-ratio était de 1,34. La prévalence du Brain Fag Syndrome chez les élèves était de 41,35% avec IC95% = [38,15% ; 44,62%]. Ils courraient 1,6 fois plus de risque de reprendre une classe. Le recours au traitement était observé dans 16,43% des élèves et plus de la moitié (52,32%) s’était adressé à un agent de santé. Les antalgiques ou antiinflammatoires étaient les plus prescrits (25,16%). Un antidépresseur n’était prescrit que dans 3,31% des cas. Une totale guérison sans récidive était observée seulement dans 4,76% des cas. Conclusion : Une proportion non négligeable d’élèves de Parakou souffrait du BFS avec ses répercussions indéniables sur leur rendement scolaire. Une sensibilisation s’impose pour que ceux en difficultés sachent vers qui s’adresser dès les premiers symptômes. Introduction: Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS) is a clinical form of culturerelated depression in Black Africa. It affects 2-4 of every ten pupils/students. Its clinical manifestation is noisy and constitutes a handicap for any intellectual activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate Brain Fag Syndrome in students in the commune of Parakou in 2016. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using three-stage cluster random sampling in nine (09) public and private secondary schools in Parakou. Data were collected by means of an individual interview with the respondent, using a questionnaire including the Brain Fag Syndrome Scale. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info 7 software version 1.3.3. Results: A total of 919 students were included. The mean age was 18.37 ± 2.34 years, with extremes of 12 and 26 years. The most represented age group was 17-19 years (46.79%). The sex ratio was 1.34. The prevalence of Brain Fag Syndrome among students was 41.35% with CI95% = [38.15%; 44.62%]. They were 1.6 times more likely to repeat a class. Treatment was used by 16.43% of pupils, and more than half (52.32%) ","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"15 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Treatment Loss to Follow-up of Patients with Bacilloscopy-Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the National Center for the Fight Against Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases in Niamey","authors":"Assiatou Gagara Issoufou Madougou, M. Souleymane, Alphazazi Soumana, S. H. Moussa","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p190","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Pre-treatment loss of follow-up (PTLFU) represents a major problem that hinders the management of tuberculosis. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of lost to follow-up patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT) and referred to other TB screening and treatment centers (TBSTC). Method: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study conducted over a six month between March and August 2019, in patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis at NCFATRD and referred to Niamey and Tillaberi centers. The chi-square text was used with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: 743 patients were diagnosed with SPPT, and 346 were referred to the TBSTC located in Niamey and Tillaberi cities. The prevalence of loss of follow-up before treatment in both Niamey and Tillaberi cities was 14.45% (50/343). Male represented 82% (41) of the cases with a sex ratio of 4.55. The mean age of our patients was 41.04 years. Patients not attending school and those with primary education represented the majority with 30% each. The majority of PTLFU (95.66%) were new cases of TB. Nearly half (42%) of PTLFU had traveled a distance of 6 to 15 km to get the TB screening. During the phone call follow up, we were able to reach only 12 patients (24%) of which 7 (14%) were deceased. Conclusion : the prevalence of PTLFU is high, therefore there is a need to reinforce the research of lost to follow up patients in order to improve tuberculosis control and management.","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dépression Postnatale en Milieu Hospitalier (Natitingou, Bénin)","authors":"Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba, Tchimon Yéa Sètchégnon Vodouhe, Mèmingnon Awohouedji, Aïssatou Salaou, Hermionne Loko, Abdias Kwamé Adoufou, A. Djidonou, Francis Tognon Tcgegnonsi, Proper Gandaho","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p173","url":null,"abstract":"Objectif : Calculer la prévalence et identifier les facteurs associés à la dépression post-natale chez les accouchées de l'hôpital de zone (HZ) de Natitingou en 2023 à l’aide d’un outil de dépistage déjà testé dans d’autres communes du Bénin afin d’apprécier la possibilité d’une adoption générale de celui-ci dans la pratique clinique par les sages-femmes. Il s’agit de l’échelle Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Méthodes : Étude transversale à visées descriptive et analytique menée de janvier à juillet 2023 en milieu hospitalier chez les nourrices de tous âges accueillis dans le service de gynécologie obstétrique de l’Hôpital de Zone de Natitingou, ayant donné leur consentement éclairé. Un recrutement exhaustif de ces dernières a été la technique d’échantillonnage. La variable dépendante étant la présence d’une dépression postnatale mesurée avec l’échelle Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Résultats : Au total, 238 accouchées ont été incluses. La prévalence de la dépression postnatale mesurée avec l’EPDS était de 18,1%. L’âge moyen des participantes étaient de (26,34 ± 6,38 ans) avec des extrêmes de 14 et 45 ans. Les facteurs étaient associés étaient : les difficultés existentielles (p=0,004), le climat difficile avec le conjoint (p=0,007) et le sentiment de tristesse après la naissance de l’enfant (p=0,020). Conclusion : La dépression post-natale existe chez les mères nourrices au Bénin. L’échelle Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) se montre efficace pour un dépistage en milieu hospitalier. Son adoption revêt un grand intérêt pour le dépistage clinique rapide et fiable. Des études de validation dans l’une ou plusieurs de nos langues locales est à entrevoir pour en faciliter d’avantage l’utilisation. Objective: To calculate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with postnatal depression among women giving birth at the Natitingou zone hospital (HZ) in 2023, using a screening tool already tested in other communes in Benin, in order to assess the possibility of its general adoption in clinical practice by midwives. The tool used was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January to July 2023 in a hospital setting among breastfeeding mothers of all ages admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Hôpital de Zone de Natitingou, who had given their informed consent. The sampling technique used was exhaustive recruitment. The dependent variable was the presence of postnatal depression measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: A total of 238 newborns were included. The prevalence of postnatal depression was 18.1%. The mean age of participants was (26.34 ± 6.38 years) with extremes of 14 and 45 years. The associated factors were: existential difficulties (p=0.004), a difficult climate with the partner (p=0.007) and feelings of sadness after the birth of the child (p=0.020). Conclusion: P","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"10 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rage Par Morsure de Chien dans le Département du Plateau : Etude Connaissances Aptitudes et Pratiques en Communauté et Chez les Agents de Santé","authors":"Benoît Sedegnon Agossoukpe, Finagnon Armand Wanvoegbe, Georgia Barikissou, Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Tokpanoude, E. Djossou, Gilchrist M.O. Laly, Phinées Adegbola, Tagnon Gautier Raphaël Gnonlonfoun, Badirou Aguemon","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p420","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : La gestion de l'exposition à la rage suite à une morsure de chien constitue un fardeau financier pour les familles des victimes malgré l'importance de la prophylaxie post-exposition pour prévenir l'infection. L'objectif était d'évaluer les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques de la population du département du Plateau dans la prévention de la rage humaine. Méthode : La présente étude était transversale, descriptive et a impliqué 900 répondants âgés d'au moins 18 ans vivant dans le département du Plateau depuis au moins six mois. Résultats : L'âge moyen des sujets de l'étude était de 40,24±14,52 ans avec un ratio hommes/femmes de 1,11. Selon les répondants, la rage humaine est une maladie transmise des chiens aux humains (68,22 %) ou provoquée par la sorcellerie (9,44 %). Parmi les personnes interrogées, 69,67 % reconnaissaient la rage comme étant transmise aux humains par des morsures de chiens, des griffures (14,56 %) et des léchages (8,67 %). De même, les moyens de prévention de la rage humaine mentionnés étaient la vaccination canine (49,89 %), l'abattage des chiens errants (21,89 %) et la vaccination post-exposition des humains (7,33 %). Les voies thérapeutiques mentionnées en cas de morsure de chien étaient : le recours au centre de santé (37 %), au praticien traditionnel (26,11 %), au centre de santé en cas d'échec du praticien traditionnel (23,67 %) et les soins à domicile (13,22 %). Conclusion : Cette étude suggère la nécessité de sensibiliser les populations aux risques des morsures de chiens dans le département du Plateau et de mettre en œuvre des stratégies de surveillance pour le contrôle et l'éradication de la rage grâce à la mise en œuvre de l'approche One Health. Introduction: Managing exposure to rabies via dog bite is a financial burden for victims' families despite the importance of post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent infection. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of the Plateau department in the prevention of human rabies. Method: The present study was cross-sectional, descriptive and involved 900 respondents aged at least 18 years living in the Plateau department for at least six months. Results: The average age of the study subjects was 40.24±14.52 years with a sex ratio (Male/Female) of 1.11. According to the respondents, human rabies is a disease transmitted from dogs to humans (68.22%) or induced by witchcraft (9.44%). Of those surveyed, 69.67% recognized rabies as transmitted to humans via dog bites, scratches (14.56%) and licking (8.67%). Likewise, the means of preventing human rabies mentioned were canine vaccination (49.89%), the culling of stray dogs (21.89%) and post-exposure vaccination of humans (7.33%). The therapeutic routes mentioned in the event of a dog bite were: recourse to the health center (37%), to the traditional practitioner (26.11%), to the health center in the event of failure of the traditional practitioner (23.67%) and home ","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gothic Experiences in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall","authors":"Etienne Pathé Tine","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper thoroughly analyses the theme of the gothic imagination in the works of Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte, specifically in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. The novels portray romantic and sublime scenes with elements of terror, horror, and the uncanny, which contribute to the gothic feelings experienced by the characters. The study also explores women's suffering in the context of gothic thought. Various factors inherent to the gothic genre actually contribute to the 19th century readers’ fascination with the supernatural and thrilling emotions. This work explores gothic experiences depicted in novels using gothic tropes and critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism, or psychoanalysis. The use of the framing narrative technique remains a distinctive aspect of this study which worthily includes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, a book that many critics have wrongly overlooked when interpreting the Bronte sisters’ novels in the light of the gothic trend. The analysis considers the common gothic features that characterise the novels, rather than treating them separately. This reinforces and enhances the scope of the analysis of the Gothic vision of these Victorian novelists.","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caracterisation Lithologique, Hydrosedimentaire et Cartographie des Indices d’Evolution: Cas de Bonoua (Sud-Est Cote d’Ivoire)","authors":"Amani Jonas Alla, N. J. Yao, Diby Ferdinand Yao, Z. B. Digbehi","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p283","url":null,"abstract":"Ce travail avait pour objectif de contribuer à déterminer la typologie des aquifères rencontrés à Bonoua en vue d’une meilleure gestion de ceux-ci. Les travaux ont utilisé des échantillons de forages exécutés à Bonoua. L’étude lithologique a révélé des sables, des argiles sableuses et des argiles bariolées. Les sables constituent l’essentiel des aquifères. La détermination des indices d’évolution (Nt) a illustré trois aquifères. La variation de ces indices a révélé une direction NW-SE des paléocourants. Les indices Ns des sables montrent qu’ils ont subi un long transport (64 % à 86 %). Le principal aquifère se situe à 64,5 m en moyenne. Il est surmonté par un niveau imperméable d’argile bariolée et enregistre les meilleures arrivées d’eau. Il est dominé de sables grossiers (66,66 % à 85,71 %) à très grossiers avec une forme subarrondie (16 % à 53,57 %) et arrondies (13,04 % à 40 %). Les particules fines piégées par les grossières à l’équilibre lors du dépôt sont toutes les deux issues d’un courant co-génétique. Ces sédiments transportés majoritairement par saltation et déposés généralement selon un faciès logarithmique (Nt=0) et rarement parabolique (0˂Nt˂1) sont très bien classés (83,33 % à 100 %). Cette étude a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux faciès qui sont le faciès subparabolique (0,05≤Nt≤0,09 et le faciès linéaire (Nt=1). Le faible pourcentage de fine offre à l’aquifère une bonne porosité et une bonne perméabilité ainsi qu’une bonne transmissivité de l’eau souterraine. Ce travail révèle donc qu’un seul aquifère existe dans cette localité mais le système aquifère présente des caractéristiques différentes d’une zone à une autre. Dans cette zone l’aquifère se présente en bicouche mais la nappe captée se trouve dans la couche la plus profonde. The objective of this work was to contribute to determining the typology of the aquifers encountered in Bonoua with a view to improving their management. The work used samples from boreholes drilled in Bonoua. The lithological study revealed sands, sandy clays and variegated clays. Sands are the main aquifers. The determination of the evolution indices (Nt) illustrated three aquifers. The variation of these indices revealed a NW-SE direction of the paleocurrents. The Ns indices of the sands show that they have undergone a long transport (64% to 86%). The main aquifer is at an average of 64.5 m. It is surmounted by an impermeable level of variegated clay and records the best water inflows. It is dominated by coarse (66.66% to 85.71%) to very coarse sands with a subrounded (16% to 53.57%) and rounded (13.04% to 40%) shape. The fine particles trapped by the coarse ones at equilibrium during deposition both come from a co-genetic current. These sediments transported mainly by saltation and generally deposited according to a logarithmic (Nt=0) and rarely parabolic (0˂Nt˂1) facies are very well classified (83.33% to 100%). This study made it possible to identify two new facies which are the subparabolic facie","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire dans les lycées, collèges et universités du département des Collines au Bénin","authors":"Evrard Bayédjè Koutchoro, Damien Georgia Barikissou, C. Koudoukpo, Ignace Coovi Nonwanou Tokpanoude, E. Djossou, Sarafa O. Idohou, Badirou Aguemon","doi":"10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2024.p388","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : la pratique de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire est de plus en plus adoptée par les jeunes filles. Ce phénomène de \" mode \" révèle un certain aspect socio-anthropologique qui assimile la couleur noire de la peau à une vision négative et inférieure de l'être humain. Méthode : il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée entre avril et mai 2023 qui a concerné 1039 étudiantes des écoles et universités du département des Collines sélectionnées par sondage aléatoire simple à plusieurs degrés. Résultats : la prévalence de la dépigmentation chez les filles enquêtées est de 78,2%. Les principaux produits utilisés sont les savons à base de dérivé mercuriel et d'hydroquinone (21,55%) et les lotions à base d'hydroquinone et de corticoïdes (75,65). 50% de ces filles savaient ce qu'était la dépigmentation. Pour 82,9% d'entre elles, la couleur de la peau est une représentation d'un critère de beauté et 14,5% l'associent à un critère de classe sociale. Les principales motivations sont entre autres : être plus belle (58,8%) ; unifier le teint (23,0%) ; plaire aux hommes (15,5%) ; à l'occasion d'événements sociologiques tels que le mariage ou le baptême (1,7%) et la rivalité (0,8%). 49,8 % avaient pour complication principale une dyschromie, 24,1 % des vergetures, 14,9 % des dermatites allergiques, 3,3 % de l'acné et 3,0 % des mycoses. Conclusion : la prévalence des dépigmentations enregistrées est très élevée et les actions de sensibilisation ainsi que la rigueur dans le contrôle des produits dépigmentants doivent être renforcées. Introduction: the practice of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation is increasingly being adopted by young girls. This “fashion” phenomenon reveals a certain socio-anthropological aspect, which equates the black color of the skin with a negative and inferior vision of the human being. Method: this is a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by simple multistage random sampling. Results: the prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed was 78.2%. The main products used were soaps based on mercurial derivative and hydroquinone (21.55%) and lotions based on hydroquinone and corticosteroids (75.65). 50% of these girls knew what depigmentation was. For 82.9% of them, skin color is a representation of a beauty criterion and 14.5% relate it to a social class criterion. The main motivations are among others: to be more beautiful (58.8%); even out the complexion (23.0%); pleasing men (15.5%); on the occasion of sociological events such as marriage or baptisms (1.7%) and rivalry (0.8%). 49.8% had dyschromia as the main complication; 24.1% had stretch marks, 14.9% had allergic dermatitis, 3.3% had acne; and 3.0% had mycoses. Conclusion: the prevalence of depigmentation recorded is very high and awareness-raising actions as well as rigor in the control of depigmenting products should be increased.","PeriodicalId":515415,"journal":{"name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}