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Postmemory dreaming: Nightmares of war in third-generation descendants of Polish and Russian survivors of World War II 记忆后的梦:第二次世界大战波兰和俄罗斯幸存者的第三代后代的战争噩梦
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12405
Wojciech Owczarski
{"title":"Postmemory dreaming: Nightmares of war in third-generation descendants of Polish and Russian survivors of World War II","authors":"Wojciech Owczarski","doi":"10.1111/etho.12405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various manifestations of intergenerational memory transmission have been discussed in many scientific fields. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to these phenomena in the context of dreams. Yet, the sphere of dreaming seems the most informative illustration of how the tragic past influenced the second and third-generation descendants of trauma survivors. Based on my talks with two descendants of WWII survivors—a Russian woman and a Polish man—I define “postmemory dreams” as night visions affected by cultural representations of historical events. The theoretical background of my study is Hirsch's concept of postmemory, Hall's continuity hypothesis of dreaming, and anthropological dream research. Postmemory dreams reflect and are shaped by the ethos of remembering and commemorating the war—the ethos often imposed by political forces and propaganda—in which the dreamers live. In the cases of my interviewees, these are the Polish ethos of victimhood and the Russian ethos of heroism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"432-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135207645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between us: Facilitated decision-making in the relational experience of profound intellectual disability 我们之间深度智障者关系体验中的辅助决策
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12406
Aaron J. Jackson
{"title":"Between us: Facilitated decision-making in the relational experience of profound intellectual disability","authors":"Aaron J. Jackson","doi":"10.1111/etho.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article situates an analysis of facilitated decision-making in the lived relational experience of caring for someone with a profound intellectual disability. Drawing from the experiences of a father and daughter residing in Boston, Massachusetts, I highlight the emotional dynamics and expressions of ableism that reverberate through social institutions and intersubjective relationships in shaping actions and practices around decision-making support. These ubiquitous encounters, rooted in shared relational histories, bring into focus the affective grounds and embodied motivations that inform the practice of facilitated decision-making within public spaces and systems. In the context of this article, these decisions are geared toward carving out a place of belonging, a goal beset with uncertainty. By demonstrating that disability is a relational experience and that decision-making is an embodied evaluative process, deeply entwined with social and communicative practices, I aim to show what this practice looks like in the thick of everyday moral life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"370-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taming the nafs: Unbounded spirits and mental illness in militarized Pakistan 驯服 nafs：军事化巴基斯坦的无界精神和精神疾病
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12407
Sanaullah Khan
{"title":"Taming the nafs: Unbounded spirits and mental illness in militarized Pakistan","authors":"Sanaullah Khan","doi":"10.1111/etho.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Pakistan, jinn afflictions reveal the maddening effects of displacement, economic inequality, and household conflicts. In this article, I consider how healers treat conditions of the <i>nafs</i> (soul), specifically its impurity and corruption through material desires, as enhancing the susceptibility of clients to jinn affliction where healers prescribe engagement in pietistic activities and active remembrance of God (<i>ẕikr</i>) as a means of keeping the effects of spirits and the symptoms caused by them at bay. Healing also involves domesticating spirits and making them habitable with their human counterparts, as antagonistic relations between the two are seen as causes of acute symptoms (<i>dauray</i>). This process requires a range of negotiations with jinns, including efforts to convert them to Islam. The condition of the <i>nafs</i> and its continual purification are seen as necessary to ensure a peaceful relation between the jinn and the client, which is possible mainly by drawing upon the authority of Sufi lineages. <i>Nafs</i> and its relationship with spirits provide an opportunity to think about illness through relations between mind and the heart as well as the self and the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"401-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
White shirts as sacred amulets: “World-making” and “self-making” during the Burmese political festival 白衬衫是神圣的护身符：缅甸政治节期间的 "创造世界 "与 "创造自我"
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12400
Seinenu M. Thein-Lemelson PhD
{"title":"White shirts as sacred amulets: “World-making” and “self-making” during the Burmese political festival","authors":"Seinenu M. Thein-Lemelson PhD","doi":"10.1111/etho.12400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing upon Stanley J. Tambiah's idea of “world conquerors” and “world renouncers,” this article examines the Burmese political festival (<i>nainganyei pwe</i>) as a ritual, affective, and material space where former political prisoners reinterpret violence and engage in forms of collective and personal “world-making.” The article focuses on one practice in particular: the ritual wearing of white shirts by the 88 Generation. It is argued that there are psychological benefits to donning this symbolic attire. Like sacred amulets described by Tambiah, the white shirt provides ontological security to former political prisoners. For leaders (<i>gaungzaungs</i>) in the movement, the white shirts are integral to how they create and embody power, becoming conduits of charismatic authority. Within the context of the <i>nainganyei pwe</i> and when combined with other “technologies of the self,” the white shirts create a feeling of inviolability and allow survivors of political violence to reassert personal and collective agency.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"52 2","pages":"186-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to “Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin” 更正“Flucht nach vorne(在未来寻求庇护):柏林难民的创伤、代理和继续逃亡的幻想”
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12404
{"title":"Correction to “Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/etho.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bialas, Ulrike, and Sohail, Jagat. 2022. “ Flucht nach vorne (seeking refuge in the future): Trauma, agency, and the fantasy of onward flight among refugees in Berlin.” <i>Ethos</i> 50: 480– 495. https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12369</p><p>The name of the author of the following article was misspelled as Ulrike Bialis in place of Ulrike Bialas.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Searching for meaning during the pandemic: Delivery riders’ motivations in keeping the city of Wuhan running 在疫情期间寻找意义:快递员保持武汉城市运转的动机
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12401
Guangxu Ji, Huiwen Zhai, Daming Zhou, Christopher Lavender
{"title":"Searching for meaning during the pandemic: Delivery riders’ motivations in keeping the city of Wuhan running","authors":"Guangxu Ji,&nbsp;Huiwen Zhai,&nbsp;Daming Zhou,&nbsp;Christopher Lavender","doi":"10.1111/etho.12401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the motivations behind the moral code of delivery rider migrant workers who served in Wuhan, China, during the pandemic. Based on ethnographic research, we analyze how riders experienced the challenging situation of everyday work. Influenced by socialist and neoliberal contexts, the riders’ actions reflect diversified moral values combining individualistic and collectivist ethics. The precarious conditions gave rise to alternative visions and opportunities for the migrant laborers. They created a new mode of autonomy with economic rationality and emotional bonds to a geographical locality. Simultaneously, the riders’ identity was temporarily reshaped by both the public and themselves, creating responsibility and meaning. This act of strong “social responsibility” reconnected individuals trapped in the plight of the pandemic. This kind of altruistic behavior exemplified the process of people seeking meaning through their work.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"385-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72740686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between “devoted mothers” and “disability advocates”: When Korean mothers of developmentally disabled adults become committed to social change 在“忠诚的母亲”和“残疾倡导者”之间:当发育障碍成人的韩国母亲致力于社会变革时
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12403
Junghun Oh
{"title":"Between “devoted mothers” and “disability advocates”: When Korean mothers of developmentally disabled adults become committed to social change","authors":"Junghun Oh","doi":"10.1111/etho.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores how mothers of children who are young adults with developmental disabilities in South Korea experience identity strain and tension when they engage in advocacy on behalf of their children. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 mothers in Korea who are members of parents’ advocacy groups, this article found that women experienced feelings of tension that arose when they deviated from normative understandings of what it means to be “devoted mothers.” Furthermore, they created two alternative versions of maternal roles—professional “I” mothers and professional “WE” mothers—that supported their identities as “disability advocates” in order to alleviate their emotional experiences. Such differences led them to practice different styles of advocacy in their interactions with disability welfare services. Based on these findings, this article discusses identity strain that emerges during the mothers’ political engagement on behalf of their disabled children. In doing so, it contributes to expanding current attention to parental advocacy activities in order to more deeply understand women's agential power to force social change and to act against existing state policies and power.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"416-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80907649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaping hope in everyday life: Experiences of veteran spouses with post-deployment mental health issues 在日常生活中塑造希望:有部署后心理健康问题的退伍军人配偶的经历
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12402
Nadine Goeree, Natashe Lemos Dekker, Yvon de Reuver, Joris F. G. Haagen, Eric Vermetten
{"title":"Shaping hope in everyday life: Experiences of veteran spouses with post-deployment mental health issues","authors":"Nadine Goeree,&nbsp;Natashe Lemos Dekker,&nbsp;Yvon de Reuver,&nbsp;Joris F. G. Haagen,&nbsp;Eric Vermetten","doi":"10.1111/etho.12402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While spouses of military veterans have not been directly exposed to threats during deployment, they often experience a substantial post-deployment-related health burden while living with and caring for a partner with deployment-related mental health issues. Drawing from in-depth interviews, this study examined how female spouses of military veterans deal with the psychosocial effects of deployment. We show how these women cope. They keep their family lives going by maintaining hope for the future. We argue that hope is a dynamic practice between reality and possibility, and different forms of hope co-exist. These range from temporary formulations of present-centered hope, and permanent hopes directed towards the future. We illustrate how spouses challenge discourses around curative futures and adjust their hopes to maintain a more satisfactory everyday life and a positive horizon towards the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 4","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86948706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The landscapes of lives II: How social actors navigate dynamic action landscapes 生命景观 II：社会行动者如何驾驭动态的行动景观
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12399
Carol M. Worthman, Constance Cummings, Daniel Lende
{"title":"The landscapes of lives II: How social actors navigate dynamic action landscapes","authors":"Carol M. Worthman,&nbsp;Constance Cummings,&nbsp;Daniel Lende","doi":"10.1111/etho.12399","DOIUrl":"10.1111/etho.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our previous companion article situated practices in a socio-ecological framework to propose action landscapes as person-specific fields of possible practices that are place- and time-contingent. Here we expand this approach to social actors as they navigate complex, fluid social worlds to pursue meaningful lives. Embodiment, social homeostasis, and social interactions shape actors’ abilities to enact specific practices and meet adversity. The expectable range of daily demands and affordances delineates the bounds of individual social homeostasis, whence social actors evaluate experience and draw motivation for behavior in the action landscape. The dynamic interface between actor-specific factors and cultural forces configures individual possibilities for action vis-à-vis their social homeostatic range. We use this model to track interactions of culture and social actor that generate diverse lives and differential well-being or resilience and apply it to two examples, revealing factors and dynamics overlooked in current research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"52 2","pages":"166-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/etho.12399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74617744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secularize, psychologize, neoliberalize: The entangled Jewish self of North American Jews 世俗化、心理化、新自由化：北美犹太人纠缠的犹太自我
IF 0.6 4区 社会学
Ethos Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/etho.12397
Rachel Werczberger
{"title":"Secularize, psychologize, neoliberalize: The entangled Jewish self of North American Jews","authors":"Rachel Werczberger","doi":"10.1111/etho.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article unpacks the construction of the Jewish spiritual self in three current projects of Jewish spirituality in North America—Jewish mindfulness, the neo-Musar movement, and the nascent Positive Judaism—and explores their relations with the neoliberal economic regime and ideology. Based on the content analysis of 30 popular online and offline texts, among them promotional websites, podcasts, and published works, and data gathered during long-term ethnographic study on Jewish spirituality in Israel and North America, the article argues that the highly individualized Jewish spirituality has become an institutionally mediated form of Jewish self-expression. By building on anthropological works about the cultural implications of neoliberalism on the self and following the lead of the foundational works linking Jewish cultural production and neoliberalism in North America, this article offers a perspective on Jewish spirituality that recognizes the relations between neoliberalism, self-cultivation, and community life. Fusing the spiritual, therapeutic, and neoliberal discourses, projects of Jewish spirituality package neoliberal ideals such as choice, emotional, resilience, well-being, and happiness as Jewish spiritual commodities. At the same time, the subjectivity cultivated in these projects is a Jewish-specific formation—a self that is highly individualized but remains strongly connected to its religious-ethnic community and cultural tradition. Jewish spirituality is thus used here as a case study for how neoliberalism affects contemporary forms of religious practice and creates new ethical orientations to communal belongings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51532,"journal":{"name":"Ethos","volume":"51 3","pages":"305-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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