{"title":"When the whole-nation system meets cultural heritage in China","authors":"Zhaohui Liu, Jung-a Chang","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2249488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2249488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore how China mobilised its unique whole-nation system (juguo tizhi) to become a global cultural power, focusing on the encounter between Chinese and global heritage discourses. This article is based on field ethnography of three World Heritage sites in Hangzhou, China: The West Lake Cultural Landscape, the Grand Canal of China, and the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. The juguo tizhi is a hierarchical system mobilised to achieve national goals. In the process of China’s ‘successful’ inscribing of cultural heritage sites based on juguo tizhi, we suggest that Chinese heritage discourses are compromised, and grassroots discourses are overshadowed. The juguo tizhi reinforces statist narratives more than it protects Chinese culture, which, we argue, is linked to the tensions between cultural and national nationalism. Furthermore, we suggest that China is now moving beyond the compromising Chinese heritage discourse phase to align with global heritage discourse, and has begun to present the Chinese discourse internationally, where the juguo tizhi is mobilised. It will be noteworthy to observe how this occurrence will affect China and the global heritage landscape in the future.KEYWORDS: Whole-nation system (juguo tizhi)cultural nationalismChinaChinese discoursecultural heritage AcknowledgementWe would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We are deeply indebted to Mun Young Cho for her insightful comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe datasets generated or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy issues, but some are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Notes1. Figure 1 (Originally from Kuah and Liu Citation2017). We have changed the name of ‘Ministry of Culture’ in this figure into ‘Ministry of Culture and Tourism’ according to current name of the Ministry.)Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant [NRF-2019S1A6A3A02102843].Notes on contributorsZhaohui LiuZhaohui Liu is a professor at the Institute of Anthropology at Zhejiang University, China. He is also the director of the Centre for Intangible Culture Heritage Studies at Zhejiang University and is currently engaged in a project titled ‘Social Distinction and Constructed Boundary: The Life-World of Contemporary Boatmen on the Grand Canal of China’. He has rich research experience in Malaysia, Norway, and the United States as a visiting scholar and senior researcher. His research fields are mainly linked to cultural heritage, rural community development and resettlement, and environmental humanity. As an applied anthropologist, he has, in the last decade, presided over and participated in several development projects on cultural preservation, social assessment, and resettlement action plans funded by th","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"101-102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European countries’ policies on restitution of colonial cultural property: some comments from a Latin American perspective","authors":"María Julia Ochoa Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2255199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2255199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe restitution of colonial cultural property, which is currently the subject of much debate in Europe, raises several challenges. At first glance, it requires recognizing the injustices associated with coloniality itself and determining how restitution can occur. This requires an in-depth understanding of certain aspects that are particularly challenging, for example, the complexities related to the ways in which provenance research is conceived and conducted or the role that human rights play in postcolonial contexts. At the heart of such debates seems to be the need for legal reforms and greater respect for the interests and rights of the communities of origin. Taking into account the Latin American context, this paper critically examines how colonial cultural property restitution policies in some European countries have attempted to address some fundamental aspects underlying the consideration of the Indigenous peoples involved but, at the same time, have overlooked other aspects.KEYWORDS: Restitutioncolonialcultural propertyIndigenous peoplesLatin America Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. Legal definitions of ‘cultural property’, like those of ‘cultural heritage’, may vary in their use in the international context, and also in each country’s legal system; the same is true in relation to terms such as ‘restitution’ or ‘return’. Here, the term ‘cultural property’ is used to refer generally to objects or artifacts of cultural significance. The paper mostly refers to colonial cultural property in the way it is considered in each country’s policy document that are presented, and common remarks especially point to it to the extent that it is relevant to Indigenous peoples. The term ‘restitution’ is also used broadly.2. Although initiated by Miranda, only Quincy’s part of the correspondence is known, hence the document is called ‘Letters to Miranda’ (Quincy Citation2007). According to Prott (Citation2009, 20), the arguments of the Letters to Miranda are still valid in today’s globalized world: they are applicable to any of the ancient centers of civilization that have been, and continue to run the risk of being, dismembered.3. Literature is therefore not only abundant but diverse. Topics that have received much attention and are the subject of numerous writings are, e.g. restitution in the Nazi context (cfr., e.g. Bilsky Citation2020; Weller Citation2022) and the restitution of Indigenous human remains and associated objects (e.g. in the U.S. and Canada, cfr. Koehler Citation2007; Tünsmeyer Citation2022). This last topic has been dealt with in Latin America especially in the Argentinian and Chilean contexts (cfr., e.g. Arthur and Ayala Citation2020; Endere Citation2020).4. Merryman (Citation2009) frames in the expression ‘age of imperialism’ a broad diversity of situations ranging from the plundering practiced by the Romans to those involving the suppression of Indigenous cultures in","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not just Kangaroos and Koalas: evaluating the operation and outcomes of Australian local content regulation on pay-TV","authors":"Oliver Eklund","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2249486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2249486","url":null,"abstract":"The production and distribution of ‘local’ content around the world has been a major regulatory pressure point emerging from the global rise of video streaming platforms. To support greater evidence-based policy development as these regulations emerge, this article reflects on the outcomes of Australian local content regulation on pay-TV. In doing so, the article explores the cultural outcomes of Australian pay-TV local content regulations since the 1990s. This article demonstrates how prevailing Australian cultural policy frameworks facilitate particular types of content. The Australian case study highlights the fraught relationship between policy goals and outcomes that can occur with cultural frameworks that do little to regulate the type of culture produced and suggests a greater separation between cultural and industrial value of content is needed by regulators. The findings from this analysis of Australian cultural policy can be valuable to other interventionist markets as new regulations are considered.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supporting regional music production clusters in the post-pandemic era: placing business support at the heart of local cultural policy","authors":"Allan Watson","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2251034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2251034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85821046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking open the black box of narratives on European Capital of culture: social positioning, cultural participation, and success and failure stories (case of ECOC Wrocław 2016)","authors":"Katarzyna Kajdanek, M. Błaszczyk, E. Banaszak","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2244516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2244516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88406716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State–business–civic partnerships in children’s film policy: the roles of the CFD/CEF Advisory Council in post-war Britain","authors":"Takao Terui","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2244511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2244511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75423675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural policy on the move: between the paradigmatic and the pragmatic","authors":"Thuy Tran","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2241875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2241875","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77087685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heritage diplomacy and soft power competition between Iran and Turkey: competing claims over Rumi and Nowruz","authors":"A. Mozaffari, Ali Akbar","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2241872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2241872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77561994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risky business: policy legacy and gender inequality in Australian opera production","authors":"Caitlin Vincent, Katya Johanson, Bronwyn Coate","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2239266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2239266","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The field of cultural policy has seen a shift towards considerations of diversity, with government bodies increasingly leveraging funding to combat inequality within organisations. A barrier to this aim is a lack of quantitative data, which would provide a means to evaluate the impact of specific policies in practice. This article investigates the relationship between gender inequality at an organisational level and cultural policy at a sectoral level through a case study of Australia’s state-funded opera companies. Drawing on production data from 2005 to 2020, we consider women’s representation as conductors, directors, and designers at the state companies through the lens of Australia’s policy legacy. We find that women experience gender-based disadvantage across the key creative roles of opera production and are further negatively impacted by Australia’s existing policy landscape, which, reflecting the drivers of cultural and economic value, indirectly enables gender inequality in the field.","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136392399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reframing instrumentality: from New Public Management to New Public Governance","authors":"Nanna Kann-Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/10286632.2023.2239262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2023.2239262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51520,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cultural Policy","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87018606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}