Development Policy Review最新文献

{"title":"What would it take for private capital to replace ODA?","authors":"Ishac Diwan","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global financial crisis has been exacerbated by a systemic debt crisis in low- and lower-middle-income countries. The Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN) has a role in resolving the debt crisis. However, improving the capacity of indebted countries to cope with market swings and how to make markets a useful source of finance for long-term development remains a challenge looking for a solution. In addition to a larger GFSN, it is essential to develop rules that facilitate debt refinancing during outturns.</p>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Development Cooperation for Structural Transformation","authors":"Jiajun Xu","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development has provided a once-in-a-decade opportunity for the international community to take stock of both progress in and challenges to financing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although the Addis Ababa Action Agenda has called for a transformative, comprehensive and holistic approach to implementing SDGs, the international development financing system are falling short of expectations. It is high time to reform the international development financing system to fit for purpose.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present paper aims to answer why it is important to foster structural transformation as a key engine for achieving SDGs, what limitations that the existing international development financing system suffer from, and how to rejuvenate the spirit of public entrepreneurship to promote structural transformation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First, it takes a historical approach to understand the imperative for achieving structural transformation. Second, it uses the case analysis of infrastructure financing to diagnose the limitations of the international development financing system. Third, it provides a framework for reforming the international development financing system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Achieving structural transformation in a sustainable and inclusive manner is a powerful engine for both alleviating poverty and tackling global challenges. Yet, the international development financing system has failed to foster long-run structural transformation due to its inclination to search for ready-made solutions to complex structural challenges and its focus on short-term performance targets and deteriorating fragmentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the strategy level, the international development cooperation system should rejuvenate the spirit of public entrepreneurship in pursuit of structural transformation in a sustainable, equitable and resilient manner. At the operational level, development cooperation agencies should go beyond the current ‘from billions to trillions’ agenda to advance transformational scaling. At the level of international rules, it should create enabling conditions for development finance providers to provide large-scale, long-term and high-risk capital while safeguarding financial soundness and stability.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we increase the effectiveness of ODA (official development assistance) for renewable energy development? An assessment of the relative performance of financial incentive policy measures","authors":"Gumin Jung,&nbsp;Shin Lee","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is crucial to address climate change and achieving sustainable development, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Paris Agreement underscored the importance of involving LMICs in global greenhouse gas reduction efforts, thus amplifying the relevance of renewable energy development in these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of financial incentive policies in enhancing official development assistance for renewable energy development in LMICs. It also provides strategies for beneficiaries to select efficient financial incentive policies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and approach</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study uses panel regression analysis to assess the effectiveness of the financial incentive policies in the relationship between official development assistance for renewable energy development and renewable electricity generation. Using renewable electricity generation as the performance indicator, the article examines the effectiveness of individual financial incentive policies. The data span 2010 to 2019 for 79 LMICs, including the post-Paris agreement period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicate that feed-in tariffs and loans positively moderate the relationship between official development assistance for renewable energy development and renewable electricity generation. Feed-in tariffs seem to have a long-term effect due to their policy design, and loans emerge as a significant moderator influenced by the technological maturation and transformative changes in international climate policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that official development assistance for renewable energy development beneficiaries should prioritize feed-in tariffs and loans. Feed-in tariffs offer consistent risk reduction and market access, while loans are most effective when institutional and technological conditions enable large-scale investment. Donors should promote feed-in tariffs for sustained stakeholder participation and loans for capital mobilization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical approach to co-producing knowledge for development","authors":"Ryan Nehring,&nbsp;Fernando Galeana,&nbsp;Hilary Faxon","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concept of co-production has gained currency in development policy as an approach for collaboration and/or stakeholder participation to improve development outcomes. Co-production implies bringing together different knowledges to create something new, acknowledging that knowledge is both plural and partial; there are multiple ways of knowing and no one way represents truth. Yet existing literature on co-production tends to focus mostly on strategies for engagement rather than reckoning with structural forces and practical problems to realizing co-production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article asks how the implementation of the co-production concept can account for relations of power. It develops a conceptual framework and practical guidance for co-producing knowledge for development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study provides an overview of the theory and practice of co-production and assesses its use in existing development policy. It draws on insights from political ecology literature to construct a conceptual framework and set of practical strategies for implementing co-production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article advances an approach to the co-production of knowledge that integrates political economy, reflexivity, and participatory methodologies to guide collaboration. This approach accounts for historical marginalization and unequal power relations to guide development interventions and/or policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article warns against uncritical adoption of co-production and highlights practical measures to examine power relations in order to understand challenges and enact equitable sustainable development in diverse settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate implementation of certification and its impact on cocoa producers in Indonesia","authors":"Janne Bemelmans,&nbsp;Charline Depoorter,&nbsp;Miet Maertens","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the growing reliance on voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) to increase sustainability in food supply chains, their effectiveness in delivering benefits to smallholders varies across contexts. VSS are implemented through certification schemes which are operated by producers, cooperatives, or processing companies, and heterogeneity in these schemes influences outcomes, but to what degree and how remains poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate how the implementation of Rainforest Alliance (RA) and Cocoa Life (CL) certification of cocoa producers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, varies across four different multinational companies, three with RA certification and one with CL certification. We examine the effects of differential implementation of corporate certification schemes on cocoa production and returns to farmers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and <b>methods</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use qualitative data from 46 key informant interviews and four focus group discussions with certified producers to describe differences in the implementation of VSS in four corporate certification schemes. We use quantitative survey data from 598 smallholder cocoa producers to estimate overall and scheme-specific effects of certification on cocoa production and producer returns. We deploy inverse probability weighted regression adjustments to correct for selection bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Service delivery related to the implementation of certification by the four companies varied considerably, especially in the payment of premiums, training, provision of material support, and access to company-associated collectors (not all certified beans were sold to company collectors). CL certification had no significant impact on production and returns; however, RA certification was associated with higher cocoa yield, price, income, and returns to land—although not evenly for the three corporate schemes that implement RA certification. The observed increases in yields and prices were achieved through different channels in different schemes. Price increases depended above all on the sale of certified beans to collectors associated with the company, rather than to independent traders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food processing and distribution companies which operate corporate-driven certification schemes are largely responsible for the effective implementation of VSS. Improving the transparency and accountability of companies in certifie","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“My daughter wore pads only during the day and used rags at night”: Sanitary pad accessibility and educational outcomes for girls in Ghana","authors":"Clement Adamba,&nbsp;Justina Addai","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The onset of menstruation is an important physiological change that occurs in girls during adolescence. Ghana is making steady progress in improving girls' education by breaking down barriers, but a major issue to be addressed is lack of access to menstrual hygiene products. The situation is made worse by the imposition of a luxury tax on sanitary products. As part of a bursary programme offered by Ghana Education Service/UNICEF, 1,000 girls from northern Ghana regions received sanitary pad distribution support, aimed at keeping them in school until transition to senior high school (Grades 10, 11, and 12).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study examines the usefulness of sanitary pad distribution support in improving girls' education. The research questions are: what is the unmet need for sanitary pads among vulnerable adolescent girls in rural Ghana, what are the related coping mechanisms, and how useful is the distribution of sanitary pads for girls' education?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study adopted a phenomenological approach involving beneficiaries, their parents and District Girls' Education Officers. Data collection techniques were focus group discussions for beneficiaries, in-depth interviews for parents, and key informant interviews for officers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high cost of pads presents significant barriers for many schoolgirls from low-income families. A packet of eight to 12 pads costs, on average, GHS 25, which exceeds the daily minimum wage in Ghana of GHS 14.88. Due to this, girls turn to resource rationing strategies that can have a significant adverse effect on their education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The removal of tax on local pads, while commendable, is undermined by the maintaining of taxes on the necessary imported raw materials. In Kenya, the removal of taxes was complemented by the introduction of subsidies and the free distribution of pads in schools. Alongside tax removal, Ghana could provide subsidies to local producers and introduce social distribution of sanitary pads in basic schools to create a ready market for local producers, intensify public education on menstrual hygiene to eradicate stigma while simultaneously supporting girls' education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating post-conflict governance in Yemen: Decentralization, federalism, and the path to stability","authors":"Moosa Elayah,&nbsp;Ahmed Almaweri,&nbsp;Bakeel Alzandani","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Yemen's prolonged conflict has deeply eroded state institutions, exacerbated regional disparities, and intensified calls for political restructuring. As the country inches toward potential peace negotiations, identifying viable post-conflict governance models is critical. The urgency is compounded by competing visions from various political factions, regional actors, and civil society, making this an essential area of study for both national recovery and regional stability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the potential of three governance frameworks—enhanced decentralization, federalism, and secession—as models for Yemen's post-conflict reconstruction. It aims to answer the following research questions: (1) What governance arrangements align best with Yemen's political, social, and economic context? (2) How can institutional legitimacy and local autonomy be balanced in a fragile, divided state? (3) What lessons can be drawn from other countries with similar experiences?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a qualitative, comparative methodology, this research analyzes academic literature, policy documents, and governance reports. It integrates historical, institutional, and political economic perspectives to assess the feasibility of each governance model. Case studies from Bolivia, Canada, Ethiopia, and Nigeria provide comparative insights to understand how decentralized or federal systems perform under conditions of fragility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decentralization emerges as a pragmatic but imperfect path forward, hindered by Yemen's history of centralization and weak local institutions. Federalism offers a more structured solution for regional inclusion but risks deepening divisions if poorly implemented. Secession, although politically attractive to some southern groups, presents high risks of economic disruption and international isolation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Yemen's future governance must avoid one-size-fits-all models. A hybrid approach—balancing regional autonomy with national cohesion and institutional reform—is most promising. International actors should support this transition by promoting inclusive dialogue, strengthening local governance capacity, and ensuring equitable resource management to build sustainable peace.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social service inclusion of immigrants through the lens of human rights in Australia","authors":"Obed Adonteng-Kissi,&nbsp;Matthew Mabefam,&nbsp;Nnaemeka Meribe,&nbsp;Frank Darkwa Baffour,&nbsp;Elizabeth Archibong","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A human-centred approach to social service design is necessary to encourage social service inclusion and to offer an avenue for social service action in Australia and globally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this article is to ascertain the extent to which social service providers design their services to include immigrants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We draw on literature exploring social service inclusion and the perspectives of 27 social workers and immigrant service users. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight social workers and 19 immigrants who were purposefully selected from Brisbane, Townsville, Melbourne and Sydney. We applied the capability theoretical approach of Amartya Sen as our framework. The interviews were recorded and transcribed using a thematic analysis as the qualitative data analysis approach using NVIVO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that service inclusion as an egalitarian system should offer service users equitable access to a service, equitable care during a service and equitable opportunity to leave a service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We argue for social service inclusion that provides opportunity, offers choice, alleviates suffering, and fosters happiness. We further contend that social service agencies should design their services in a way that promotes inclusion and allows service users to get value for the service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The limits to cash-plus provision in protracted crises","authors":"Rachel Sabates-Wheeler,&nbsp;Jeremy Lind,&nbsp;Carolina Holland-Szyp","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cash-plus programmes have succeeded in places where different provisions (e.g., health, education, nutrition) are able to complement each other while augmenting a regular cash transfer payment. The institutional capacity to deliver an integrated support package has marked the effective functioning of these programmes. However, in contexts of conflict and protracted crisis and the associated disruptions of infrastructure damage, insecurity, distrust, and violence, the necessary institutional scaffolding for a well-functioning cash-plus programme becomes unstable and may collapse altogether. Despite this, cash-plus programmes continue to be implemented in these contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assess whether cash-plus programmes are designed and delivered to reduce vulnerability and promote livelihoods in protracted crises, and if their outcomes resonate with their objectives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We develop a multidimensional indicator of protracted crisis, incorporating conflict, displacement, and climate change vulnerability, and map this against the strength of national social protection systems. We review 97 cash-plus programmes in 16 countries, examining design features, objectives, and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review exposes the weakness in relying on the usual small-lift aims of cash-plus interventions (such as the provision of seeds or poultry, or basic training in business) in contexts where household-level barriers to improving livelihoods are dwarfed by macro-level structural, political, and social ruptures. The evidence demonstrates that most cash-plus interventions are not designed or delivered in ways suitable for crises.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Household-level objectives will be stymied by institutional and political disruptions; therefore, programmes must also seek to help reshape the context in which people live. During active conflict (as compared to intermittent violence), cash-plus may simply be impossible: it may be better to focus on providing for basic needs, such as through humanitarian aid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the nexus: Finance availability and firm growth in the wake of COVID-19","authors":"Iman Cheratian,&nbsp;Saleh Goltabar","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines the relationship between access to finance and financial constraint to growth in sales and production for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Iran. MSMEs are critical to economic development, and understanding the financial barriers they face is essential, particularly in the context of an economy like Iran's.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aims to explore how external financing and financial constraints affect firm growth. Specifically, it investigates whether access to finance supports growth and how obstacles in obtaining finance may hinder sales and production expansion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Approach and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study is based on data from 486 enterprises across five provinces. We analyzed the impact of access to finance on firm growth during the COVID-19 pandemic using Probit models and Marginal Plots. The analysis also considers firm-level factors such as access to technology, owner education, new employment, bankruptcy experience, and labor adjustment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates that external financing is positively associated with the growth of firms, while the obstacles they face in accessing external financing exert a negative and significant impact on firm growth. The results also indicate that access to technology, owner education, and new employment are positively related to the growth of firms. On the other hand, the experience of bankruptcy and labor adjustment has a negative and significant impact on the sales and production growth of firms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the importance of improving access to finance for MSMEs and minimizing barriers to external funding. Policies that support technology adoption, education, and employment—especially during crises such as COVID-19—can help mitigate negative impacts and promote sustained firm growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}