The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Developing a Dual Residency Program in Psychiatry and Neurology in an Area of Regional Conflict: The University of Hargeisa-Massachusetts General Hospital-Boston Medical Center Experience.","authors":"Zeina Chemali,&nbsp;David C Henderson,&nbsp;Gregory Fricchione","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of worldwide death and disability and continue to increase in both developed and developing countries. There is a need to address and treat neuropsychiatric disorders in low-income countries, especially in the Horn of Africa. Capacity building by training local doctors and health care workers is a laborious endeavor, with challenges piling up along the way. Nevertheless, the rewards are great when brain specialists who are able to address the needs in their country and treat their fellow citizens receive the training needed to do so effectively. The present article describes a coordinated administrative, educational, and clinical effort to develop and implement a dual residency program in psychiatry and neurology at the University of Hargeisa in Somaliland. The authors highlight the foundations of the program and the challenges faced during its development and implementation in an area of regional conflict. The program provides evidence that this aim is achievable and serves as a model for others seeking to replicate it in other low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39571166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Dreams to Hallucinations: Jean Lhermitte's Contribution to the Study of Peduncular Hallucinosis and the Dissociation of States.","authors":"Gilles Fénelon","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20120314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20120314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jean Lhermitte (1877-1959) was one of the pioneers of behavioral neurology, including the field of hallucinations. This article focuses on his work concerning the relationship between hallucinations, sleep, and dreams. From 1910, Lhermitte became interested in sleep and its disorders, particularly narcolepsy and its accompanying symptoms. He also reported on sleep disorders and hallucinations occurring in people with lesions of the diencephalic region (\"infundibular syndrome\"), and later encephalitis lethargica. In 1922, he described a syndrome of complex, predominantly visual hallucinations in patients with vascular damage to the midbrain, known as peduncular hallucinosis. Twelve historical cases of peduncular hallucinosis, including 10 from Lhermitte, are reviewed. He gave a precise phenomenological description of peduncular hallucinosis, and put forward the hypothesis that the lesion disrupted the anatomy and connections of a center regulating wakefulness and sleep, thus enabling a dissociation of the mechanisms of dream and waking states. Although the pathophysiology of peduncular hallucinosis remains to this day partly obscure, the model of a limited subcortical lesion acting through complex mechanisms and ultimately involving the cortex remains valid. Lhermitte was also a pioneer in characterizing what contemporary sleep specialists call dissociation of states.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"16-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39571167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Heuristic Power of Clinical Case Conferences: A New Section in the <i>Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences</i>.","authors":"Kirk R Daffner,&nbsp;Scott M McGinnis,&nbsp;Seth A Gale,&nbsp;David A Silbersweig,&nbsp;C Alan Anderson,&nbsp;David B Arciniegas","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21050134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21050134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Reality Technologies: Expanding Therapeutic Approaches for PTSD.","authors":"Wilfredo López-Ojeda,&nbsp;Robin A Hurley","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21100244","url":null,"abstract":"FIGURE 1. (A) Extended-reality (XR) platform elements. XR (i.e., virtual reality [VR], augmented reality [AR], and mixed reality [MR]) is an emerging imaging paradigm characterized by varying levels of a user’s immersion, interaction, and presence. Immersion refers to the sensation of physical existence within the extended reality environment, where a user is isolated from the real world. Interaction is described as the capacity to act and receive feedback within the digital environment. Presence appeals to the perception of connection to the artificial environment, evoking the illusion of being present within it (1, 2). (B) XR technology platform. In VR, the user experiences a full immersion into a nonnatural digital world, facilitated by a head-mounted display (HMD) that provides sensory input (i.e., images, sound) (3). In AR, the user is partially immersed into an artificial environment but can interact with the real world, as well as with virtual elements in the digital world concurrently. Different from VR, an AR user can always experience his or her own reality in real-time (4). MR poses as a subclass of VR, combining real and virtual milieus along a “virtuality continuum,” seamlessly integrating real-world and artificial digital scenes with a superior level of connectivity and higher computer-user interactions (3, 5).","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"A4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>En garde!</i> An Historical Note on the Nosology of Catalepsy.","authors":"Stanley N Caroff","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20120304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20120304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of White Matter Microstructure in Impulsive Behavior.","authors":"Eric L Goldwaser,&nbsp;Xiaoming Du,&nbsp;Bhim M Adhikari,&nbsp;Mark Kvarta,&nbsp;Joshua Chiappelli,&nbsp;Stephanie Hare,&nbsp;Wyatt Marshall,&nbsp;Anya Savransky,&nbsp;Kathleen Carino,&nbsp;Heather Bruce,&nbsp;Ashley Acheson,&nbsp;Peter Kochunov,&nbsp;L Elliot Hong","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increased impulsivity is a hallmark trait of some neuropsychiatric illnesses, including addiction, traumatic brain injury, and externalizing disorders. The authors hypothesized that altered cerebral white matter microstructure may also underwrite normal individual variability in impulsive behaviors and tested this among healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Impulsivity and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected from 74 healthy adults (32 women; mean age=36.6 years [SD=13.6]). Impulsivity was evaluated using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, which provides a total score and scores for three subdomains: attentional, motor, and nonplanning impulsiveness. DTI was processed using the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis-DTI analysis pipeline to measure whole-brain and regional white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values in 24 tracts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-brain total average FA was inversely correlated with motor impulsiveness (r=-0.32, p=0.007) and positively correlated with nonplanning impulsiveness (r=0.29, p=0.02); these correlations were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Additional significant correlations were observed for motor impulsiveness and regional FA values for the corticospinal tract (r=-0.29, p=0.01) and for nonplanning impulsiveness and regional FA values for the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (r=0.32, p=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide initial evidence that the motor and nonplanning subdomains of impulsive behavior are linked to specific white matter microstructural connectivity, supporting the notion that impulsivity is in part a network-based construct involving white matter microstructural integrity among otherwise healthy populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"254-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9289076/pdf/nihms-1796684.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39942931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Delirium With Catatonic Signs in Patients With Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez,&nbsp;Angela Medina-Gutierrez,&nbsp;Heraclides Gomez-Cianca,&nbsp;Patricia Arias,&nbsp;Andres Pérez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Paulina Angélica Lebrija-Reyes,&nbsp;Mariana Espinola-Nadurille,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Aguilar-Venegas,&nbsp;Carmen Ojeda-López,&nbsp;Miguel Restrepo-Martínez,&nbsp;Leo Bayliss,&nbsp;Cynthia Areli Juárez-Jaramillo,&nbsp;Guillermo Peñaloza,&nbsp;Verónica Rivas-Alonso,&nbsp;José Flores-Rivera,&nbsp;Juan Luis Gómez-Amador,&nbsp;Camilo Rios,&nbsp;Perminder S Sachdev","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18120364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18120364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>According to DSM-5, catatonia and delirium are mutually exclusive clinical syndromes. The investigators explored the co-occurrence of delirium and catatonia (i.e., catatonic delirium) and the clinical significance of this syndrome with a sample of neurological patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study with consecutive sampling included patients diagnosed with delirium at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico. DSM-5 criteria for delirium, the Confusion Assessment Method, and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 were used to select and characterize patients. Catatonia was assessed using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify etiological factors associated with catatonic delirium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 264 patients with delirium were included, 61 (23%) of whom fulfilled the criteria for catatonia and delirium simultaneously. Brain tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute hydrocephalus, and ischemic stroke were associated with delirium without catatonic signs. Catatonic delirium was observed among patients with encephalitis, epilepsy, brain neoplasms, and brain tuberculosis. After multivariate analysis, the association between catatonic delirium and encephalitis (both viral and anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor [NMDAR]) was confirmed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delirium is a common complication of neurological diseases, and it can coexist with catatonia. The recognition of catatonic delirium has clinical significance in terms of etiology, as it was significantly associated with viral and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39829051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study 2: A 60-Year-Old Man With Progressive Deficits in Language Output.","authors":"Kristina Thurin,&nbsp;Viharkumar Patel,&nbsp;David L Perez,&nbsp;Bradford C Dickerson,&nbsp;Daisy Hochberg,&nbsp;Megan Quimby,&nbsp;Michael B Miller,&nbsp;Mel Feany,&nbsp;David Silbersweig,&nbsp;Scott M McGinnis,&nbsp;Kirk R Daffner,&nbsp;Seth A Gale","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22010013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"196-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40597068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White Matter Microstructure and Gray Matter Volume in Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and Schizophrenia With Cannabis Use.","authors":"Raghav Shah,&nbsp;Abhishek Ghosh,&nbsp;Ajit Avasthi,&nbsp;Chirag K Ahuja,&nbsp;Niranjan Khandelwal,&nbsp;Ritu Nehra","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored the differences in white matter (WM) microstructural integrity and gray matter (GM) volume between cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP) and schizophrenia with cannabis use (SZC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study with convenience sampling involved three groups of 20 participants each (CIP, SZC, and a control group without substance use), matched on age, handedness, and education. CIP and SZC were diagnosed with the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders. Diffusion tensor and kurtosis imaging were done, and fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and mean kurtosis were estimated. GM volume was measured with voxel-based morphometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group comparisons revealed comparable age at initiation and duration and frequency of cannabis use between participants in the SZC and CIP groups. Participants with SZC had lower FA than controls in the anterior and retrolenticular internal capsule limbs, cingulate gyrus hippocampal formation, fornix, and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (all p<0.05). Participants with CIP had lower FA than controls in the left fornix and right superior fronto-occipital fasciculus but higher FA than those with SZC in the left corticospinal tract (all p<0.05). On morphometry, participants with CIP had greater cerebellar GM volume than those with SZC and greater inferior frontal gyrus volumes than controls (all p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Widespread WM microstructural abnormalities were observed in participants with SZC, and fewer but significant WM disruptions were observed in those with CIP. Better WM integrity in some WM fiber tracts and greater GM volumes in crucial brain areas among those with CIP may have prevented the transition to schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40642055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dream Enactment Behaviors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Melissa B Jones,&nbsp;Ritwick Agrawal,&nbsp;Amir Sharafkhaneh,&nbsp;Mark E Kunik,&nbsp;Ricardo E Jorge,&nbsp;Laura Marsh","doi":"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21050115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21050115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigators aimed to draw attention to current debates surrounding the etiologies of dream enactment behaviors in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The phenomenological overlap between PTSD-related nocturnal symptoms, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and trauma-associated sleep disorder (TASD) is discussed. Strategies used to diagnose and manage dream enactment behaviors, whether due to RBD or another confounding sleep disorder, are considered. Finally, the need for further research on the pathophysiological overlap and integrated treatment of PTSD, RBD, and, possibly, TASD is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":514751,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}