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Intergenerational Mobility in a Mid-Atlantic Economy: Canada, 1871–1901 大西洋中部经济中的代际流动:加拿大，1871-1901
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000353
Luiza Antonie, Kris Inwood, Chris Minns, Fraser Summerfield
{"title":"Intergenerational Mobility in a Mid-Atlantic Economy: Canada, 1871–1901","authors":"Luiza Antonie, Kris Inwood, Chris Minns, Fraser Summerfield","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article uses new linked full-count census data for Canada to document intergenerational occupational mobility from 1871 to 1901. We find significant differences among Canadian regions and language groups, with linguistic minorities experiencing notably lower rates of intergenerational mobility. International comparisons place Canada midway between other economies in the Americas and the most mobile European societies. Decompositions of overall mobility show that the Canadian experience shared the New World feature of high mobility from manual occupations, but also the Old World feature of greater persistence in white-collar jobs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Demographic Shocks and Women’s Labor Market Participation: Evidence from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in India 人口冲击和妇女劳动力市场参与:来自1918年印度流感大流行的证据
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000304
James Fenske, Bishnupriya Gupta, Song Yuan
{"title":"Demographic Shocks and Women’s Labor Market Participation: Evidence from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in India","authors":"James Fenske, Bishnupriya Gupta, Song Yuan","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How did the 1918 influenza pandemic affect female labor force participation in India over the short run and the medium run? We use an event-study approach at the district level and four waves of decadal census data in order to answer this question. We find that districts most adversely affected by influenza mortality saw a temporary increase in female labor force participation in 1921, an increase that was concentrated in the service sector. We find suggestive evidence that distress labor supply by widows and rising wages help account for this result.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Taming the Global Financial Cycle: Central Banks as Shock Absorbers in the First Era of Globalization 驯服全球金融周期:中央银行作为第一个全球化时代的减震器
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000274
Guillaume Bazot, Eric Monnet, Matthias Morys
{"title":"Taming the Global Financial Cycle: Central Banks as Shock Absorbers in the First Era of Globalization","authors":"Guillaume Bazot, Eric Monnet, Matthias Morys","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Classical Gold Standard period, with high capital mobility and fixed-exchange rates, is usually seen as the extreme case of international constraints on monetary policy. Contrary to this view, we show how central bank balance sheets offset the effects of international shocks on domestic interest rates. In contrast, in the United States, a gold standard country without a central bank, the reaction of money market rates was two to four times stronger than that of interest rates in countries with a central bank. Our study is based on the monthly balance sheets of all central banks in the world (i.e., 21) from 1891–1913.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"81 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Can Stimulating Demand Drive Costs Down? World War II as a Natural Experiment 刺激需求能降低成本吗?作为自然实验的第二次世界大战
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000249
François Lafond, Diana Greenwald, J. Doyne Farmer
{"title":"Can Stimulating Demand Drive Costs Down? World War II as a Natural Experiment","authors":"François Lafond, Diana Greenwald, J. Doyne Farmer","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>U.S. military production during World War II increased at an impressive rate and led to large declines in unit costs. However, the literature has focused on elucidating detailed mechanisms behind this relationship, using small datasets on specific products. Here we take a step back and, looking at an unprecedently large collection of data, we show that both exogenous technological progress and endogenous effects from increasing production experience were important, in roughly similar proportions. The demand for military products was largely exogenous, and the correlation between production, cumulative production, and time was weak, limiting issues of reverse causality and multicollinearity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"80 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Connecting the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions: The Role of Practical Mathematics 连接科学革命和工业革命:实用数学的作用
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000250
Morgan Kelly, Cormac Ó Gráda
{"title":"Connecting the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions: The Role of Practical Mathematics","authors":"Morgan Kelly, Cormac Ó Gráda","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disputes over whether the Scientific Revolution contributed to the Industrial Revolution begin with the common assumption that natural philosophers and artisans formed distinct groups. In reality, these groups merged together through a diverse group of applied mathematics teachers, textbook writers, and instrument makers catering to a market ranging from navigators and surveyors to bookkeepers. Besides its direct economic contribution in diffusing useful numerical skills, this “practical mathematics” facilitated later industrialization in two ways. First, a large supply of instrument and watch makers provided Britain with a pool of versatile, mechanically skilled labor to build the increasingly complicated machinery of the late eighteenth century. Second, the less well-known but equally revolutionary innovations in machine tools—which, contrary to the Habbakuk thesis, occurred largely in Britain during the 1820s and 1830s to mass-produce interchangeable parts for iron textile machinery—drew on a technology of exact measurement developed for navigational and astronomical instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"80 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
The Borchardt Hypothesis: A Cliometric Reassessment of Germany’s Debt and Crisis during 1930–1932 博查特假设:1930-1932年间德国债务与危机的计量学再评估
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000262
Tai-kuang Ho, Ya-chi Lin, Kuo-chun Yeh
{"title":"The Borchardt Hypothesis: A Cliometric Reassessment of Germany’s Debt and Crisis during 1930–1932","authors":"Tai-kuang Ho, Ya-chi Lin, Kuo-chun Yeh","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research examines whether an alternative exchange rate policy could have mitigated Germany’s recession from April 1930 to May 1932, when Heinrich Brüning was Reichskanzler of the Weimar Republic. Using an open-economy dynamic model as our analytical framework, we examine the arguments against adopting the devaluation policy. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a widely held belief—that floating the Reichsmark would have led to high inflation—is unwarranted. Despite Germany’s high foreign debt, floating the Reichsmark would have led to <span>less</span> of a decline in both real GDP and employment for the country during the Great Depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Why Join the Fed? 为什么要加入美联储?
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000237
Charles W. Calomiris, Matthew Jaremski
{"title":"Why Join the Fed?","authors":"Charles W. Calomiris, Matthew Jaremski","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the decisions of state-chartered banks to join the Fed in its first decade. Ours is the first study to combine state regulatory environment characteristics and individual bank characteristics to explain Fed membership choice. Regulatory environments that reduced the benefit of discount window access or increased the regulatory cost of joining the Fed led to fewer banks joining. Individual bank characteristics that affected the magnitude of benefits from accessing the discount window (either passing on liquidity risk reduction to respondents or reducing the member bank’s own seasonal liquidity risk) were even more important in determining which banks joined.</p><p>I believe that, through the Federal Reserve Banks, … the better shall we be equipped to cope with the problems ahead of us, of helping ourselves and of helping the world; I believe it to be the duty of every bank in the country to contribute its share in equipping our nation for this task; … I firmly believe that the future will belong to those banks—national or state—that are members of the Federal Reserve System.</p><p>—Paul Warburg, Speech at the New York State Bankers’ Association Convention, 9 June 1916</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"79 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Mechanization Takes Command?”: Powered Machinery and Production Times in Late Nineteenth-Century American Manufacturing “机械化主导?”:十九世纪晚期美国制造业的动力机械与生产时代
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000146
Jeremy Atack, Robert A. Margo, Paul W. Rhode
{"title":"“Mechanization Takes Command?”: Powered Machinery and Production Times in Late Nineteenth-Century American Manufacturing","authors":"Jeremy Atack, Robert A. Margo, Paul W. Rhode","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the nineteenth century, U.S. manufacturers shifted away from the “hand labor” mode of production, characteristic of artisan shops, to “machine labor,” which was increasingly concentrated in steam-powered factories. This transition fundamentally changed production tasks, jobs, and job requirements. This paper uses digitized data on these two production modes from an 1899 U.S. Commissioner of Labor report to estimate the frequency and impact of the use of inanimate power on production operation times. About half of production operations were mechanized; the use of inanimate power raised productivity, accounting for about one-quarter to one-third of the overall productivity advantage of machine labor. However, additional factors, such as the increased division of labor and adoption of high-volume production, also played quantitatively important roles in raising productivity in machine production versus by hand.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Alternative Institutional Approach to Rules, Organizations, and Development 规则、组织和发展的另一种制度方法
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000122
John Joseph Wallis
{"title":"An Alternative Institutional Approach to Rules, Organizations, and Development","authors":"John Joseph Wallis","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the middle of the nineteenth century, a handful of societies began creating and enforcing impersonal rules, rules that treat everyone the same, on a broad scale. The existing institutional literatures, while appreciating the importance of impersonal rules for the rule of law, have not understood how they contribute to economic and political development through rules that are enforced but not followed: default rules. The conceptual importance of impersonal default rules is drawn out and then applied to better understand both economic and political development in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Financial Developments in London in the Seventeenth Century: The Financial Revolution Revisited 17世纪伦敦的金融发展:重新审视金融革命
IF 2.1 1区 历史学
Journal of Economic History Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050722000134
Nathan Sussman
{"title":"Financial Developments in London in the Seventeenth Century: The Financial Revolution Revisited","authors":"Nathan Sussman","doi":"10.1017/s0022050722000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel series of interest rates paid by the Corporation of London shows that interest rates in London declined by 350 basis points during the seventeenth century. The decline followed a similar pattern in Europe. Records from the Corporation’s archive provide evidence for financial development: an increase in the number and volume of debt instruments, an increase in the number of lenders, and the development of a secondary market. Econometric analysis establishes that increasing the debt instruments’ liquidity contributed to the convergence of interest rates between London and Amsterdam.</p>","PeriodicalId":51435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic History","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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