JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES最新文献

{"title":"The effect of subliminal music on muscle tone, pain, and vital signs in female athletes: A community-based clinical trial based on the Schopenhauer's theory","authors":"Saideh Abolghasemi ,&nbsp;Mahsa Khoi ,&nbsp;Farshad Tojari","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Total Resistance Exercise has become very common in the last decade, especially among female athletes. In this study, the control of muscle cramps, pain, and vital signs in female athletes specializing in TRX when exposed to subliminal music was investigated according to Schopenhauer's theory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This community-based clinical trial research was conducted at a sports club in Tehran. One hundred and eighty women athletes were selected using a simple random sampling method. They were divided into three groups with subliminal intervention, popular music, and a control group without music intervention. Immediately before and after the intervention, the researchers measured the muscle tone of the forearm biceps and quadriceps femoris muscles using the modified Ashworth scale and the pain in these muscles using the VAS scale. Also, heart rate and blood oxygen level were measured using an ACCARE pulse oximeter device.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The age range of the athletes was 21–45 years. The analysis showed that after the exercise, the pain in the biceps and quadriceps muscles was significantly less in the subliminal group than in the other two groups. Also, there was a significant difference in the subliminal group compared to the control group. After the intervention, the lowest values of mean ranks in all the measured variables were observed in the subliminal group. There was no significant difference in the vital signs between groups before and after intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The subliminal music caused a significant decrease in muscle pain and tone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between joint restriction and postural adjustment patterns in different ankle taping methods","authors":"Shinichi Daikuya PT, Ph.D,&nbsp;Yumi Okayama PT, Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of two taping methods—Taping A (nonelastic, restrictive) and Taping B (elastic, functional)—and a Nontaping condition on joint motion restriction, postural maintenance, and anticipatory postural adjustments (APA). Furthermore, it assessed subjective perceptions, including discomfort and instability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two healthy participants, classified by ankle and foot instability, received taping on their nondominant leg. Measurements encompassed ankle and foot range of motion, leg–heel angle, center of pressure (COP) sway, and soleus/tibialis anterior muscle activity during single-leg standing and rapid arm elevation. Subjective discomfort was rated on an 11-point scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the stable group, both taping methods restricted plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, whereas inversion was most restricted by Taping A. Taping A only reduced eversion. In the leg–heel angle, both tapes in weight-bearing reduced valgus, whereas varus was only affected by Taping B in the instability group. Taping A caused greater discomfort in the stable group, whereas the discomfort levels were similar in the instability group. COP sway or muscle activity during single-leg standing demonstrated no differences. However, in the instability group, Taping A caused delayed soleus activation latency compared with Nontaping and Taping B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The taping methods restricted joint movement without affecting postural control. However, Taping B shortened soleus activation latency, reducing the inhibitory effects on APA, whereas Taping A delayed the activation, potentially inhibiting APA-related muscle function. These findings suggest that the taping method influences soleus muscle function in APA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of core endurance, performance and functional activities in crossfit participants","authors":"Songül Bağlan Yentür ,&nbsp;Muhammet Şahin Elbastı ,&nbsp;Nesih Kanan ,&nbsp;İrem Sıla Boyrazli","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Crossfit is a high-intensity and high-comprehensive continuously changing strength and conditioning program that has risk of injury. Core muscles are important for the protective mechanism of the spine and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate core endurance, performance and functional activities in Crossfit participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 20 crossfit participants, 20 fitness participants who had been participating in sports for at least 6 months and 20 physically inactive individuals. The McGill Tordo Endurance Test Battery was used to assess core endurance, the Functional Movement Screen test was used to assess function, and the 30-m sprint test, 3-min step test, vertical jump test, and one leg forward jump test were used to assess performance. Physical activity level was evaluated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were observed between the groups in age, occupational status, and smoking status (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in height, weight, body mass index, gender and dominant extremity (p &gt; 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences between the three groups in physical activity level, core endurance and performance tests (p &lt; 0.05). In functional movement screen evaluation, no significant difference was obtained in deep squatting and shoulder mobility (p &gt; 0.05), while significant differences were obtained among other parameters (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Crossfit participants were found better core endurance, performance, function and physical activity levels than fitness participants and sedentary individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of segmental muscle vibration on flexor and extensor groups of the upper limb in enhancing functional recovery after stroke: A randomized trial","authors":"Muhammad Shahid Shabbir ,&nbsp;Aruba Saeed ,&nbsp;Sidra Tariq ,&nbsp;Naqash Shabbir ,&nbsp;Rida Nasir ,&nbsp;Huma Riaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Upper limb motor impairment is a common sequela of stroke, often leading to long-term functional limitations. Segmental vibration therapy (SVT) has been proposed to facilitate sensorimotor recovery by enhancing proprioceptive input and cortical excitability. However, its differential effects on upper limb flexor and extensor muscle groups remain underexplored.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this study was to determine the effects of segmental vibration on flexors and extensor muscle groups for upper limb functional ability, recovery, and spasticity in post-stroke patients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This two-arm, parallel-design, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at Zohra Institute of Health Sciences. A total of 62 patients were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling technique and randomized into two groups through an online randomization tool. Group A received low-frequency segmental muscle vibration (41 Hz) applied over the flexor muscles of the upper limb, along with routine physical therapy. Group B received the same vibration frequency applied to the extensor muscles of the upper limb, in addition to routine physical therapy. Stroke patients with spasticity graded 1–3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale and who were 3–6 months post-stroke were included in the study. The intervention lasted for six weeks, comprising 18 sessions (three sessions per week). The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) was used to assess upper extremity functional ability, while the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) evaluated motor function. Muscle spasticity was measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and motor recovery stages were assessed via the Brunnstrom scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. An independent &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-test was used for between-group comparisons, and a paired &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;-test was applied for within-group analysis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Post-intervention, WMFT scores improved in Group A (60.93 ± 6.12) compared to Group B (58.45 ± 7.66), though the difference was not statistically significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.207). MAS scores decreased in Group A (0.56 ± 0.58) versus Group B (0.72 ± 0.74; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.151). BSMR scores improved in both Group A (4.94 ± 1.19) and Group B (5.25 ± 1.23; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.148). FMA scores increased in Group A (57.41 ± 3.97) compared to Group B (53.61 ± 4.89; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.151). However, none of the between-group differences reached statistical significance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings of this study suggest that segmental vibration therapy applied to both flexor and extensor muscles effectively improves upper limb function in post-stroke patients. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the effects of vibration therapy on the two muscle groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Trial registration&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The trial registration number for this study i","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the brief balance evaluation systems test (Brief-BESTest) in school-aged children between five to seven years old: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Zin May Kyaw,&nbsp;Duangporn Suriyaamarit,&nbsp;Soontharee Taweetanalarp","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postural control is essential for maintaining stability during movement and plays a key role in children's physical development, enabling daily activities. The brief balance evaluation systems test (Brief-BESTest) assesses six key components of postural control through eight items and has proven reliable and valid for pediatric populations. However, research on factors affecting Brief-BESTest scores in school-aged children remains limited. Recognizing these factors supports early balance issue detection and targeted pediatric physiotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify factors influencing Brief-BESTest scores in children aged five to seven years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 typically developing children (42 boys, 48 girls; mean age 76.21 ± 9.62 months). Anthropometric measurements were collected, and postural control was evaluated using the Brief-BESTest. Univariate analyses identified significant variables, which were further examined through multilinear regression to determine predictors of Brief-BESTest scores, with a p-value of 0.05 considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final regression model accounted for 40 % of the variance in Brief-BESTest scores. Age and BMI emerged as significant predictors, summarized by the equation: Brief-BESTest score = 8.75 + (0.17 × Age) – (0.15 × BMI). Older children demonstrated better balance scores, while higher BMI was linked to poorer postural control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Age and BMI are key factors influencing balance in young children. These findings can assist pediatric physiotherapists in tailoring interventions based on individual characteristics. Future research should explore additional variables such as socioeconomic status, cognitive function, muscle strength, physical activity, and cultural or environmental influences on postural control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 797-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of core muscle fatigue on the performance, kinematics, and electromyography of horizontal hop in recreational runners with and without dynamic knee valgus","authors":"Gina Olívia Brigido da Costa Curi,&nbsp;Franciele Dias Costa,&nbsp;Victor de Souza Medeiros,&nbsp;Vinícius Dias Barbosa,&nbsp;Thiago Ribeiro Teles Santos,&nbsp;Valdeci Carlos Dionisio","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Runners experience fatigue during training and competition, and core endurance is crucial for maintaining trunk and lower limb stability during dynamic and functional tasks, such as the single-leg hop test for distance, which simulates the challenges of running. This study aimed to compare performance, kinematic, and electromyographic parameters between recreational runners with and without dynamic knee valgus during a single-leg hop test for distance before and after a core fatigue protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-eight recreational runners were divided into groups with (valgus group: n = 17) and without dynamic knee valgus (non-valgus group: n = 21). During the single-leg hop test for distance, we measured performance, kinematics, and electromyographic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After fatigue, the runners showed lower performance, greater hip abduction, knee adduction, trunk displacement towards the supporting lower limb, and reduced biceps femoris EMG during the preparatory phase. The valgus group showed greater vastus lateralis and semitendinosus EMG in the preparatory phase than the non-valgus group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Core fatigue affects the single-leg hop test for distance performance and influences the kinematic and electromyographic strategies adopted by recreational runners. Regardless of core fatigue, runners with dynamic knee valgus recruit more muscles that cross the knee, possibly contributing to the stability needed before the hop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 775-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-power static ultrasound combined with dry cupping therapy on pain and functional outcomes in patients with trapezius myofascial trigger points: A comparative study","authors":"Nassab Toufayli ,&nbsp;Hussein Ziab ,&nbsp;Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam ,&nbsp;Siamak Bashardoust Tajali","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.06.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.06.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder often associated with trapezius myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), resulting to chronic neck pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. While high-power static ultrasound (HPSU) and dry cupping therapy (DC) have shown efficacy as standalone treatments, their combined effects remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the combined effect of HPSU and DC compared to DC alone and standard medical care (SMC) in improving pain, range of motion (ROM), functional capacity, and disability in patients with chronic neck pain due to trapezius MTrPs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-blind randomized clinical trial included 45 patients aged 25–50 years with persistent neck pain (≥3 months) and 5–10 active trapezius MTrPs. Participants were randomized into three groups: (A) HPSU + DC + SMC, (B) DC + SMC, and (C) SMC alone. Interventions consisted of eight sessions over four weeks. Pain (VAS), ROM, functional capacity (Functional Capacity Evaluation), and disability (Neck Disability Index) were assessed at baseline, after the fourth session, and post-intervention. Statistical analysis included repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc tests and effect size interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All groups showed significant improvements in pain, ROM, and disability over time (p &lt; 0.05). DC-based interventions (groups A and B) demonstrated better outcomes compared to SMC alone, particularly in ROM (e.g., η² = 0.63 for cervical extension). However, no significant differences has been detected between HPSU + DC and DC-alone groups, indicating that HPSU did not provide additional benefits when combined with DC. Functional capacity improvements were significant in DC-based groups but limited in the SMC group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dry cupping therapy alone improves pain, ROM, functional capacity, and disability in patients with trapezius MTrPs. The addition of HPSU does not enhance therapeutic outcomes, underscoring the sufficiency of DC as a standalone treatment. These findings offer practical guidance for clinicians by emphasizing resource-efficient and accessible interventions for managing chronic neck pain. Future research should optimize cupping parameters and explore the effects of combined modalities in diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 789-796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Musculoskeletal interventions of the spine for treating chronic scrotal pain: A scoping review” [J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 43 (2025) 300-309]","authors":"Jacob Marten Switters ,&nbsp;Krista Wonka ,&nbsp;Erich Hohenauer","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Page 729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of dysfunctional breathing","authors":"Tom Pinder,&nbsp;Ashley Jones,&nbsp;Isobel Jacob,&nbsp;James Milligan","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysfunctional breathing (DB) refers to various abnormalities breathing patterns. Whilst a formal definition exists, subsequent research has inconsistently applied or omitted it. As interest in breathing techniques grows among both healthcare professionals and the public, it is important to reach a consensus on DB's definition to ensure effective assessment and treatment. This critical review explores how DB is currently defined and applied within respiratory and musculoskeletal health. A lack of consistency in the literature identified the need for a more comprehensive framework of DB. To address this, a new model of DB is proposed that includes three subcategories: biomechanical, biochemical and psychophysiological DB. This revised model offers a foundation for future research and clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 770-774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of breathing exercises and diaphragm manual therapy protocol in sports PLAYERS: A Delphi study","authors":"Imma Vergara-Busquets ,&nbsp;Xantal Borràs-Boix PhD ,&nbsp;Cristina Lidón-Moyano PhD.MsC ,&nbsp;Caritat Bagur-Calafat PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Core stability is maintained mainly by abdominal and lumbar function, including the diaphragm muscle, connecting trunk's muscle activity and lower limbs movement. However, the diaphragm training is not frequently included in <em>core</em> training sessions, especially in sports injury prevention and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the study is designing and validating a protocol of rib cage mobility, using the Delphi Method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A clinical practice protocol was designed based on breathing exercise and diaphragm and ribs manual therapy, twice a week for eight weeks. Delphi Method was used to validate the protocol by a committee of eight experts on manual therapy and breathing rehabilitation, who rated the exercises. Then, the coefficient of variation of the answers was calculated, and the questionnaire repeated until the consensus was reached.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the second round of questions, the 87,5 % (n = 7) of the experts were “Totally agree” in 4 out of the 5 exercises described. Consensus was determined as the coefficient of variation of the answers decreased after two rounds, and the validation was concluded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The clinical protocol of breathing exercises and manual therapy of the ribs and muscle diaphragm has been designed and later successfully validated using the Delphi method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51431,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 750-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}