{"title":"A novel glutathione-sensitive and folic acid-modified nanocarrier for tumor-targeted drug delivery","authors":"Farzaneh Sadrykia, Peyman Najafi Moghadam, Hamed Hamishehkar","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05117-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05117-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, scientists are trying to design a developed nanocarrier for delivering drugs specifically to cancerous cells. This study aimed to design the poly (acrylamide-maleic anhydride-POSS)/(FA & TPGS) nanocarrier (P(AAm-MA-POSS)/(FA & TPGS) NC) as a GSH-sensitive and folic acid (FA)-modified targeted drug delivery system. For this purpose, the P(AAm-MA-POSS)/(FA & TPGS) copolymer was synthesized via free radical polymerization of AAm, MA, and POSS-glycidyl methacrylate (POSS-GMA) monomers, followed by chemical grafting of FA-NH<sub>2</sub> and TPGS-SS-NH<sub>2</sub>. Finally, the synthesized copolymer was self-assembled into the P(AAm-MA-POSS)/(FA & TPGS) nanocarrier with a hydrophobic POSS-based core surrounded by the hydrophilic TPGS and FA moieties. Sorafenib tosylate (ST) drug was encapsulated during the nanocarrier preparation. The TEM and DLS results confirmed the successful preparation of a self-assembled nanocarrier with around 100 nm diameter. The prepared nanocarrier exhibited enhanced cellular uptake through FA receptor-mediated endocytosis and GSH-sensitive drug release owing to the disulfide bond cleavage in the presence of reductive GSH. The efficiency of prepared ST-loaded nanocarrier against MCF-7 cancer cells was verified by MTT, and decreased amounts of the IC<sub>50</sub> for this ST-loaded nanocarrier compared to pure ST exhibited higher cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanocarrier. Thus, the developed targeted nanocarrier can be a suitable choice for inhibiting cancer cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"12073 - 12091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-24DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05089-6
Ashish Ranjan, Nanda Kishore
{"title":"Characterization of Erythrina indica biomass and its pyrolytic biochar: influence of temperature and time","authors":"Ashish Ranjan, Nanda Kishore","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05089-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05089-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass waste, under oxygen-deprived conditions, produce biochar which is a carbon-rich solid product suitable for several applications. Its quantity and quality depend on several parameters; a few important ones are the type of biomass, reaction temperature, and time. In this study, effects of temperature and reaction time on pyrolysis of <i>Erythrina indica</i> (EI) biomass were examined in a tubular reactor at temperatures of 400–700 °C and reaction times of 60–120 min. The resulting pyrolytic products, especially biochar, underwent a comprehensive characterization employing advanced analytical techniques. The results revealed a clear dependence of product yield and quality on pyrolysis temperature and reaction duration. The surface morphology of fibrous lignocellulosic biomass transformed from compact to a porous biochar structure during pyrolysis. The experimental BET analysis showed that maximum surface area (250.76 m²/g) biochar obtained at 500 °C for 60 min, while XRD indicated partial graphitization at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The bio-oil exhibited acidic characteristics (pH = 3.2–4.4) and a maximum HHV is obtained at 500 °C for 90 min. The regression model was used to explore the combined effects of process variables, and pyrolysis conditions corresponding to maximum response within the experimental domain were identified. These were 506 °C and 60 min. producing 48.35 wt% yield biochar with 55.64 wt% of fixed carbon, 151.62 m<sup>2</sup>/g of surface area, pH of 9.35, H/C of 0.050, and O/C of 0.377.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11751 - 11771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05085-w
Mounir Abbad, Rafik Souiah, Ahmed Azzouz-Rached, Wafa S. Aljuaid, Eman M. Alshehri, Hind Albalawi, Saleha Qissi, Essam A. Al-Ammar, Vineet Tirth, Nasir Rahman
{"title":"Band gap engineering and thermoelectric energy conversion in Li2InCuX6 (X = Cl, F) Double Perovskites","authors":"Mounir Abbad, Rafik Souiah, Ahmed Azzouz-Rached, Wafa S. Aljuaid, Eman M. Alshehri, Hind Albalawi, Saleha Qissi, Essam A. Al-Ammar, Vineet Tirth, Nasir Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05085-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05085-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive first-principles investigation of the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of lead-free double perovskites Li<sub>2</sub>InCuX<sub>6</sub> (X = Cl, F) using the FP-LAPW method. Structural and phonon analyses confirm the thermodynamic and dynamical stability of both compounds. The mBJ-based electronic calculations reveal direct band gaps of 0.774 eV (Cl) and 1.153 eV (F), indicating their suitability for optoelectronic applications. Halide substitution significantly influences bonding strength, resulting in enhanced mechanical rigidity and thermal stability in Li<sub>2</sub>InCuF<sub>6</sub>. Optical analysis shows strong absorption in the visible–UV region, while thermoelectric calculations demonstrate promising performance with maximum ZT values approaching 0.80 at high temperatures. Li<sub>2</sub>InCuCl<sub>6</sub> exhibits a higher power factor, whereas Li<sub>2</sub>InCuF<sub>6</sub> benefits from lower thermal conductivity and superior high-temperature efficiency. These results highlight the effectiveness of halide engineering in tuning multifunctional properties for energy harvesting and optoelectronic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11701 - 11716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanofluid-directed mass transfer intensification in a coiled flow inverter: hydrodynamic–interfacial synergy in a liquid–liquid system","authors":"Pravesh Narain Singh, Anikesh Tripathi, Aditya Kashyap, Swapna Patel, Debashis Panda, Koushik Guha Biswas","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05092-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05092-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Process intensification based on millichannel reactors offer energy efficiency, operational robustness and scalability advantages over conventional microreactors. In this study, the effects of nanofluid over two different reactor geometries on liquid–liquid flow for mass transfer applications have been systematically investigated using a model system, toluene–acetic acid–water. Three different aqueous-phase nanofluids based on (i) metallic nanoparticles (Ni NP) of 60 nm particle size, (ii) metalloid oxide nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NP) of 22 nm particle size, and (iii) carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of 80 nm particle size have been synthesized to enhance interfacial transport. Further, to elucidate the effect of reactor geometry on mass transfer, a comparative study was conducted using both a straight tube and a coiled flow inverter (CFI) reactor at a constant inlet toluene velocity while varying the aqueous-phase velocity. The results reveal that nanofluid in CFI geometry significantly improve the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kₒᵥₐ). Among the tested systems, SiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluids in the CFI configuration delivered the highest enhancement, achieving up to a threefold increase compared to straight tubes. Flow mapping analysis resolves that nanoparticle-assisted CFIs promote stable slug flow, leading to enhanced interfacial renewal and reduced mass transfer resistance leading to energy sustainability. The observed enhancements arise from the increased interfacial area resulting from the dispersion of nanoparticles, along with enhanced mixing induced by geometry-driven secondary flows. This study demonstrates that nanofluid-assisted coiled flow inverters represent a promising and scalable platform for process intensification for separation processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11805 - 11816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05099-4
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto, Muhammad Olvianas, Felix Arie Setiawan, Widi Astuti, Amelia Andriani, Daniel Timotius, Kevin Cleary Wanta, Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra, Ferian Anggara, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
{"title":"Deciphering geopolymerization kinetics of fly ash–bottom ash systems via an iso-conversional approach","authors":"Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto, Muhammad Olvianas, Felix Arie Setiawan, Widi Astuti, Amelia Andriani, Daniel Timotius, Kevin Cleary Wanta, Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra, Ferian Anggara, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05099-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05099-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses the need for sustainable alternatives to conventional cement by utilizing fly ash and bottom ash in geopolymer concrete, while providing a deeper understanding of the underlying reaction kinetics. The objective is to evaluate the effect of bottom ash incorporation on geopolymerization behavior through kinetic modeling and material characterization. Experimental investigations were conducted using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and compressive strength testing under curing temperatures of 30–90 °C. The geopolymerization kinetics were analyzed using an iso-conversional approach, and multiple solid-state reaction models were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the third-order reaction model provides the best fit to the experimental data, as indicated by the highest correlation coefficients across different compositions and curing conditions. The incorporation of bottom ash reduces the reaction rate due to its lower reactivity and higher crystallinity, as confirmed by XRD analysis. However, an optimal composition of 25% bottom ash (75:25 ratio) achieves a compressive strength of up to 41 MPa at 90 °C, indicating a favorable balance between kinetics and mechanical performance. Furthermore, the FTIR-derived correlation parameter (Corr value) shows strong agreement with compressive strength evolution, confirming its applicability as a semi-quantitative indicator of geopolymerization. These findings highlight the potential of integrating bottom ash into fly ash-based geopolymers to enhance sustainability while maintaining adequate mechanical performance. The study also demonstrates that iso-conversional kinetic modeling provides a robust framework for understanding and optimizing geopolymerization processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11875 - 11889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revolutionizing onsite microbial testing with a PID-controlled portable incubator for remote and resource-limited areas","authors":"Daejeong Yang, Hakyoon Kim, Minjung Song, Sathishkumar Veerappampalayam Easwaramoorthy, Dongjin Choi, Johny Renoald Albert, Dishore Shunmugham Vanaja","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05082-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05082-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to design, fabricate, and evaluate a portable incubator tailored for onsite microbiological testing in low-resource and remote environments. The primary objective is to address the challenge of maintaining stable incubation temperatures, crucial for accurate microbial analysis in the field. The incubator incorporates an ESP32, a DHT22 temperature sensor, and a 50 W DC PTC heater, integrated with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control to ensure temperature stability within ± 0.5 °C. The system supports real-time monitoring via Bluetooth, and the power unit converts 220 V AC to the required DC voltages. Performance tests were conducted to assess the incubator’s ability to maintain stable temperatures of 37 ± 0.18 °C, ensuring reliable microbial growth. The incubator demonstrated stable temperature regulation, yielding microbial growth results comparable to standard laboratory incubators. Field tests in Cambodia confirmed its effectiveness in detecting microbial contamination, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Experimental validation (<i>n</i> = 48 trials) demonstrated temperature stability of 37.0 ± 0.18 °C (mean ± SD) over 24 h, with a rise time of 4.2 min, a settling time of 8.7 min, and an overshoot < 1.5%. Microbiological validation using <i>E. coli</i> showed colony counts within 1.2% ± 0.4% of reference incubator results (<i>p</i> = 0.34, two-tailed <i>t</i> test). Power consumption averaged 12.3 W under continuous operation, enabling > 8 h runtime on a 100 Wh portable battery. Its portability and affordability make it an effective solution for onsite microbiological testing in remote areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study introduces a cost-effective tool for public health and environmental monitoring, leveraging modern technology to improve access to reliable water quality testing in underserved regions, potentially reducing waterborne disease incidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11659 - 11674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In silico identification of anticancer potential of groundnut de-oiled cake extract against cancer targets","authors":"Raju Balaji, Muthukrishnan Dhivya Dharshini, Dhamodharan Prabhu, Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan, Rekha Thiruvengadam, Rekha Arcot, Muthu Thiruvengadam","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05076-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05076-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundnut de-oiled cake (GDOC), an underutilized agro-industrial byproduct, has untapped potential as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic relevance<b>.</b> This study aimed to profile the phytochemical constituents of GDOC and evaluate their potential anticancer activities using in silico approaches. The methanol extract of GDOC was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify its phytochemical components. The identified compounds were tested against six cancer-related targets (PTEN, HER2, CXCR4, CDK1, NEK2, and AR-regulated protein) using molecular docking, and their binding stability was evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations. Nineteen major compounds were tentatively identified in the methanol extract of the GDOC based on GC–MS analysis. Docking studies revealed promising interactions, with glide scores ranging from − 2.82 to − 8.14 kcal/mol. MD simulations suggested the dynamic stability of the key protein–ligand complexes. The predicted plant compounds stigmasterol, linoleic acid, and gamma-sitosterol showed a strong ability to bind to important targets related to breast and ovarian cancer. This <i>in silico</i> study suggested that GDOC-derived compounds possess potential anticancer properties. However, experimental validation through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies is essential to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11565 - 11579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05093-w
Deeksha Katiyar, Pradip K. Tewari, Vikky Anand
{"title":"Pilot-scale assessment of ultrafiltration unit in dead-end mode for drinking water treatment: performance analysis and fouling prediction","authors":"Deeksha Katiyar, Pradip K. Tewari, Vikky Anand","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05093-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05093-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantity and quality of freshwater are deteriorating over time as a result of human activity. Contaminated water filtration with conventional filters needs a disinfection step, which needs the addition of chemicals; in the case of chlorination, it can leave behind pathogens and by products too, and with advanced filters, the pH and minerals of the water might alter. This study investigated the applicability of hybrid Ultrafiltration (UF) units to drinking water treatment plants. To achieve the target, water coming from the sedimentation tank in the treatment plant was passed through the unit. Performance experiments were conducted using a pilot-scale polysulfone UF unit with a candle arrangement of membrane in dead-end filtration mode. Removal efficiency of unit for surface water, performance comparison with conventional filters, prediction of fouling trends, and optimization of operational parameters were studied. Turbidity and total coliform removal through the UF unit were 95.32% and 99.99%, respectively, and performance of other parameters was also better than conventional filters. It was found from feature importance analysis that feed flow rate and transmembrane pressure (TMP) should be at their optimal point for better performance in the hybrid UF unit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11817 - 11826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05088-7
Shweta Tanwar, Nirbhay Singh, Ritesh Kumar, Anurag Gaur, A. L. Sharma
{"title":"CoSe2-based composite as electrode for hybrid symmetric supercapacitor","authors":"Shweta Tanwar, Nirbhay Singh, Ritesh Kumar, Anurag Gaur, A. L. Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05088-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rising worldwide energy need, coupled with the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, has intensified the hunt of efficient and maintainable energy storage devices. In this study, the role of post-stability testing on the morphology and the electrochemical characteristics of cobalt selenide (CoSe<sub>2</sub>) ternary composites as symmetric supercapacitor electrodes is explored. Excellent theoretical capacitance and good electrical conductivity, which are desirable features in a supercapacitor electrode material, are exhibited by CoSe<sub>2</sub>. The ternary composite was prepared via a hydrothermal cum physical blending technique. The Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tool was used for long-term cycling of the electrodes. It showed a specific capacitance shift from 188 F g<sup>−1</sup> to 175 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Morphological post-cycle analysis showed surface roughening and particle agglomeration, leading to a reduction in conductivity and capacitance. Partial structural transformation was shown by the X-ray diffraction graph. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study indicates high charge transfer resistance (increased from 1.8 to 2.7 ohms) and internal resistance after the stability test. Further, red LED glow using both pre- and post-stability-based symmetric cells has been studied. The above discussions bring out the urgent requirement to develop synthesis protocols and practical methods for improving the structural stability and practical relevance of CoSe<sub>2</sub>-based electrodes for energy storage applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11741 - 11750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical PapersPub Date : 2026-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-05103-x
Pushpendra Kushwaha, Madhu Agarwal
{"title":"Waste-to-coagulant approach: preparation of iron-based poly-ferric chloride from jarosite and its coagulation performance","authors":"Pushpendra Kushwaha, Madhu Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s11696-026-05103-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11696-026-05103-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the synthesis of an iron-based coagulant from roasted jarosite is studied for wastewater treatment. Poly-ferric chloride (PFC) coagulant was synthesized from roasted jarosite through concentrated HCl acid leaching. Batch coagulation experiments were carried out with PFC coagulant for the removal of turbidity and dyes from wastewater. Coagulation experiments were conducted with the effects of coagulant dose (0.2–0.8 ml/L), pH (4.5–8.5pH), and initial concentration of dye (50–250 mg/L) and turbidity (10–50 NTU). The maximum removal of DR-80 dye and turbidity is more than 99% at 5.5 pH and 8.5 pH, respectively. The coagulation process with the synthesized PFC coagulant was performed for the removal of dye with adsorption from the dye industry wastewater. Therefore, we could conclude the treatment of dye industry wastewater using integrated processes, coagulation and adsorption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":"80 10","pages":"11921 - 11935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149007434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}