Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Ocimum basilicum: optimization, supplementation with Triton X-100 and their antimicrobial activity

Abstract

The current investigation was conducted to develop silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via green technique by employing plants that is both an eco-friendly and a cost-effective method. After careful selection, Ocimum basilicum (basil) (CLCB30) was utilized for the generation of the AgNPs. Varying parameters consisting of temperature, pH and volume of extract were altered to optimize the AgNPs and inspect their response on the size, shape and reaction time towards the NPs. Later on, Triton X-100 was added to enhance the AgNPs and its effect was monitored. Characterization of the silver NPs was performed via UV–Vis spectrophotometer displaying a peak at 440 nm, while Fourier-transform infrared uncovered the functional groups. After series of experiments, optimization and addition of Triton X-100, a final size of 30.0 ± 0.04^a nm with a zeta potential of − 18.1 mV was established through inspection with zeta sizer, whereas atomic force microscopy unveiled needle-shaped nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction studies also revealed peaks verifying its crystalline nature. The AgNPs were optimized at a pH of 8, 80 °C temperature together with volume of leaf-extract at 40 mL with Triton X-100 (10 mL). Subsequently, antibacterial properties of AgNPs were also tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa CLCB04, Escherichia coli CLCB05 followed by Bacillus subtilis CLCB12 demonstrating efficient NPs. AgNPs formulated via green method is a promising technique that can be optimized easily by altering parameters one at a time and can be applied to various fields in future, like the biomedical sector in particular for the treatment of diseases.

Graphical abstract